A comparison of different tillage-seeding systems: the interaction of tillage and time of sowing on sandplain soils in Western Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Schmidt ◽  
RK Belford
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
The Cost

The effects of tillage-seeding method and 2 times of sowing on yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were examined on the sandplain soils in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia. Four methods were compared: sowing after cultivation, sowing followed by deep ripping, direct drilling (i.e. single-pass seeding with a tined drill), sowing with a new cultivation depth modified drill (CDM) modified to cultivate up to 14 cm deep while sowing at 4 cm. Crops direct-drilled with the CDM produced more grain than crops established with conventional direct drilling or 'crops sown later using the cultivate-sow method and had similar yields to late-sown deep-ripped crops, where appropriate cultivars were used. Early sowing followed by deep ripping produced the highest grain yield. However, increasing the depth of soil disturbance while sowing early with the CDM in a 1-pass system resulted in a progressive increase in grain yield. When the cost of the extra ripping or cultivation operation is taken into account, early direct drilling with the CDM drill is likely to be more profitable than either conventional direct drilling or sowing with deep ripping or cultivation.

Increasing the depth of soil disturbance increases yields of direct drilled wheat on the sandplain soils of Western Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Schmidt ◽  
RK Belford
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Drilling Technique ◽  
Direct Drilling

We evaluated on sandplain soils in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia in 1990 and 1991 the effect on wheat yields (Triticum aestivum) of increasing the depth of soil disturbance (4-40 cm) while direct drilling. These sandplain soils are easily compacted and eroded by wind, but yields after direct drilling with tined implements are frequently poorer than yields after cultivation. Direct drilling with a tined seeder was compared with: (i) direct drilling with a modified seeder on which the front 3 rows of cultivating tines could be lowered relative to the rear 3 rows of seeding tines; and (ii) with direct drilling followed immediately by deep ripping. Progressively increasing the depth of disturbance reduced soil strength and generally increased grain yields of wheat. Effects on yield were more pronounced in the wetter year of 1991 on an experimental site that had not been previously ripped; responses of 32 kg/ha for each centimetre increase in depth of disturbance were recorded. The highest yields followed deep ripping (3429 kg/ha), and the lowest yields followed minimal soil disturbance using narrow (5 cm) seeding tines working to seeding depth only (2144 kg/ha). These results confirmed that it is possible to use a modified direct drilling technique (thus retaining the advantages of timely sowing after rainfall and lowered risk of wind erosion) and raise yields above those normally expected from direct drilling on these soils.

Effect of different direct drilling and conventional sowing techniques on soil strength, root growth and grain yield of wheat on sandplain soils in Western Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Schmidt ◽  
RK Belford ◽  
D Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Direct Drilling

Experiments were conducted to compare different direct drilling and conventional sowing techniques, and describe the effects of these techniques on soil strength, root growth and grain yield of wheat on sandplain soils in the northern wheat-belt of Western Australia. Soil strength was identified as a critical factor affecting root growth; increasing the depth of soil loosening beneath seeding depth with a modified direct drill reduced soil strength relative to that found in the traditional direct drill treatments, and increased rooting density beyond the 10 cm soil depth. As loosening depth increased, there were increases in both shoot growth and grain yields, and water use efficiency also improved. Maximizing the depth of soil disturbance by deep ripping after sowing resulted in the highest grain yields, but the time and cost penalties associated with this tillage operation are substantial and likely to deter its routine use. Modifying a direct drill to loosen soil beneath sowing depth therefore combined the advantages of conventional direct drilling (timeliness, moisture conservation and lower risk of erosion), with those obtained by sowing after cultivation (improved root growth and yield) without the yield penalties associated either with direct drilling or delayed sowing on these soils.

Soil and tissue tests to predict the potassium requirements of canola in south-western Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Soil Test K ◽  
Yield Responses

The predominantly sandy soils of south-western Australia have become potassium (K) deficient for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production due to the removal of K from soil in grain and hay. The K requirements of canola (rape, Brassica napus L.) grown in rotation with wheat on these soils are not known and were determined in the study reported here. Seed (grain) yield increases (responses) of canola to applications of fertiliser K occurred at sites where Colwell soil test K values (top 10 cm of soil) were <60 mg/kg soil. Grain yield responses to applied K occurred when concentrations of K in dried shoots were <45 g/kg for young plants 7 and 10 weeks after sowing and <35 g/kg for 18 weeks after sowing. Application of fertiliser K had no significant effects on either oil or K concentrations in grain.

Poor incorporation of lime limits grain yield response in wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Scott ◽  
N. E. Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Incorporation Method

Thorough mixing of lime with the soil is a standard recommendation for lime application. However, the implements and passes that may be used to achieve this in Australian cereal farming are unclear. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to examine the incorporation of lime applied at 0, 2 and 5 t/ha using a range of different agricultural implements and numbers of cultivation events. Shoot dry matter and grain yield of wheat were measured in the year of lime application in both experiments. The plots were resown to wheat in the following season by direct drilling, and measurements were repeated. In a dry season, high soil disturbance (rotary hoe and disc harrow) improved the response of wheat to lime in the first year of experiment 1. In experiment 2, rainfall was higher, and the advantage from thorough incorporation was less clear. However, the rank order of incorporation methods and lime responsiveness was positively correlated with that in experiment 1 for both dry matter and grain yield; thorough incorporation tended to give better responses to lime than ‘poor’ incorporation (light harrowing). In the second year of experiment 1 there was limited evidence of the influence of incorporation method on lime response. In the second season of both experiments the effects of incorporation method on lime response had dissipated or other effects were more important. We found that to maximise grain yield responses to lime, the most effective incorporation was achieved with a disc harrow or with multiple passes with a tined implement (scarifier). Incorporation limited to a light harrow was inadequate. However, any effects of method of incorporation reduced or disappeared in the following season, even when direct drilling was used and there was limited further soil disturbance.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake, use efficiency and productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in Keddida Gamela Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Godebo ◽  
Fanuel Laekemariam ◽  
Gobeze Loha
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. The productivity of wheat is markedly constrained by nutrient depletion and inadequate fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency during 2019 cropping season on Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone Southern Ethiopia. Factorial combinations of four rates of N (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg Nha−1) and three rates of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg Nha−1) in the form of urea (46–0-0) and murate of potash (KCl) (0-0-60) respectively, were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that most parameters viz yield, yield components, N uptake and use efficiency revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to interaction effects of N and K. Fertilizer application at the rate of 46 N and 30 kg K ha−1 resulted in high grain yield of 4392 kg ha− 1 and the lowest 1041 from control. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (52.5) obtained from the application of 46 kg N ha−1. Maximum physiological efficiency of N (86.6 kg kg−1) and use efficiency of K (58.6%) was recorded from the interaction of 46 and 30 kg K ha−1. Hence, it could be concluded that applying 46 and 30 kg K ha−1was resulted in high grain yield and economic return to wheat growing farmers of the area. Yet, in order to draw sound conclusion, repeating the experiment in over seasons and locations is recommended.

High phosphorus concentrations in seed of wheat and annual medic are related to higher rates of dry matter production of seedlings and plants

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Burr Medic

Seed of 2 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 1 burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) with increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations (wheat 1.4-3.7 g P/kg dry matter, medic 3.3-7.9 g P/kg dry matter) were collected from field experiments with variable levels of applied superphosphate (wheat 0- 577 kg P/ha, medic 0-364 kg P/ha) in south-western Australia. These seeds were used in further experiments to examine the effect of seed P concentration on the subsequent dry matter (DM) production of seedlings and plants in 3 glasshouse pot experiments and 1 field experiment. Seed of the same size (wheat, 35 mg/seed; medic, 3.6 mg/seed) but with increasing P concentration produced substantially higher DM yields in the absence or presence of freshly applied superphosphate P up to 28-35 days after sowing in the pot experiments and 67 days after sowing in the field experiment.

Characterisation of a windbreak system on the south coast of Western Australia. 2. Crop growth

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sudmeyer ◽  
P. R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Similar Area

This paper, which is the second in a series of three, describes dryland crop growth and yields in a windbreak bay in south-western Australia and relates changes to microclimate modification by the windbreaks. Over the 4 years of this trial, above ground biomass and the development rate of crops 3–20 times the tree height from the windbreak (H) were similar to crops growing in unsheltered conditions (more than 20 H from the windbreaks). Grain yield was 16–30% higher between 3 H and 20 H than at more than 20 H in 1994, the driest year on record for the district, in other years yield was largely unchanged. In contrast, above ground biomass growth was consistently less within 3 H than further from the windbreaks and grain yield within 3 H was 19–27% less than unsheltered yield. Water use by the trees is the most likely cause of reduced yield within 3 H. Over the 4 years, mean grain yield between 0.5 H and 20 H was 3.8% greater than yield at more than 20 H. This increase was largely due to the yield increase in 1994. As 5.4% of the paddock was directly occupied by, or uncropped next to, the windbreaks, there was a net yield decrease of 2.8% over 4 years compared to estimated production from a similar area with no windbreaks. The principle benefits of the windbreaks were reducing evaporative demand in extremely dry years and protection against extreme wind events. These benefits must be weighed against the costs of establishing and maintaining windbreak systems.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document