Cropping practices in the Victorian Mallee. 1. Effect of direct drilling and stubble retention on the water economy and yield of wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Incerti ◽  
PWG Sale ◽  
GJ O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Production

Two experiments were conducted at the Mallee Research Station, Walpeup, between 1985 and 1989 to evaluate the impact of conservation farming practices on wheat yields. The first experiment compared wheat crops established by direct drilling into a chemical fallow with those conventionally sown into a cultivated fallow. Over the 5 years, yields ranged from 1.31 to 3.24 t/ha, and there was no reduction in crop yield associated with chemical fallowing and direct drilling compared with the cultivated fallow. There was also no significant effect of the chemical fallow on the amount of water conserved in the soil at sowing, at depth 0-100 cm; the range was 206-274 mm water. The second experiment from 1987 to 1989 examined the effect of maintaining 4 rates of stubble (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 t/ha) on the surface of a conventionally cultivated long fallow. Stubble maintained at 2 t/ha increased the amount of water stored in the soil at sowing, at depth 0-140 cm, by 16 mm in 1 year of 3. This increase in soil water availability was not reflected in increased crop yield. These findings indicate that erosion control and potentially lower production costs associated with direct drilling and stubble retention can be achieved without loss of wheat yield in the Victorian Mallee.

scholarly journals Analysis of meteorological variations on wheat yield and its estimation using remotely sensed data. A case study of selected districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan (2001-14)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafia Mumtaz ◽  
Shahbaz Baig ◽  
Iram Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
The Impact

Land management for crop production is an essential human activity that supports life on Earth. The main challenge to be faced by the agriculture sector in coming years is to feed the rapidly growing population while maintaining the key resources such as soil fertility, efficient land use, and water. Climate change is also a critical factor that impacts agricultural production. Among others, a major effect of climate change is the potential alterations in the growth cycle of crops which would likely lead to a decline in the agricultural output. Due to the increasing demand for proper agricultural management, this study explores the effects of meteorological variation on wheat yield in Chakwal and Faisalabad districts of Punjab, Pakistan and used normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a predictor for yield estimates. For NDVI data (2001-14), the NDVI product of Moderate Resolution Imaging spectrometer (MODIS) 16-day composites data has been used. The crop area mapping has been realised by classifying the satellite data into different land use/land covers using iterative self-organising (ISO) data clustering. The land cover for the wheat crop was mapped using a crop calendar. The relation of crop yield with NDVI and the impact of meteorological parameters on wheat growth and its yield has been analysed at various development stages. A strong correlation of rainfall and temperature was found with NDVI data, which determined NDVI as a strong predictor of yield estimation. The wheat yield estimates were obtained by linearly regressing the reported crop yield against the time series of MODIS NDVI profiles. The wheat NDVI profiles have shown a parabolic pattern across the growing season, therefore parabolic least square fit (LSF) has been applied prior to linear regression. The coefficients of determination (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>) between the reported and estimated yield was found to be 0.88 and 0.73, respectively, for Chakwal and Faisalabad. This indicates that the method is capable of providing yield estimates with competitive accuracies prior to crop harvest, which can significantly aid the policy guidance and contributes to better and timely decisions.

Analyzing Temperature and Precipitation Influences on Yield Distributions of Canola and Spring Wheat in Saskatchewan

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Meng ◽  
Richard Carew ◽  
Wojciech J. Florkowski ◽  
Anna M. Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe IPCC indicates that global mean temperature increases of 2°C or more above preindustrial levels negatively affect such crops as wheat. Canadian climate model projections show warmer temperatures and variable rainfall will likely affect Saskatchewan’s canola and spring wheat production. Drier weather will have the greatest impact. The major climate change challenges will be summer water availability, greater drought frequencies, and crop adaptation. This study investigates the impact of precipitation and temperature changes on canola and spring wheat yield distributions using Environment Canada weather data and Statistics Canada crop yield and planted area for 20 crop districts over the 1987–2010 period. The moment-based methods (full- and partial-moment-based approaches) are employed to characterize and estimate asymmetric relationships between climate variables and the higher-order moments of crop yields. A stochastic production function and the focus on crop yield’s elasticity imply choosing the natural logarithm function as the mean function transformation prior to higher-moment function estimation. Results show that average crop yields are positively associated with the growing season degree-days and pregrowing season precipitation, while they are negatively affected by extremely high temperatures in the growing season. The climate measures have asymmetric effects on the higher moments of crop yield distribution along with stronger effects of changing temperatures than precipitation on yield distribution. Higher temperatures tend to decrease wheat yields, confirming earlier Saskatchewan studies. This study finds pregrowing season precipitation and precipitation in the early plant growth stages particularly relevant in providing opportunities to develop new crop varieties and agronomic practices to mitigate climate changes.

scholarly journals The 'Landcare' approach to soil conservation in the Philippines: an assessment of farm-level impacts

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Cramb ◽  
D. Catacutan ◽  
Z. Culasero-Arellano ◽  
K. Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
The Impact

‘Landcare’ is a group-based approach to the promotion of conservation farming. A case study of the Landcare program in Lantapan in the southern Philippines is presented to assess the farm-level impacts of this approach. The program was successful in promoting the formation of Landcare groups and a municipal Landcare association, resulting in rapid and widespread adoption of conservation practices, particularly among maize farmers. This in turn significantly reduced soil erosion, though the impact on crop yield and income was somewhat delayed. Adoption was thus not motivated primarily by short-term returns but by a concern to reduce soil erosion and provide a basis for diversification into agroforestry.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Firms: A survey in Guangdong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENG ZOU ◽  
Di Huo ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Office Work ◽  
On Line ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Operation Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production And Operation ◽  
Lower Production

Abstract Background : The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors of the economy and society. To understand the impact of the pandemic on firms in China and suggest the responding public policy, we investigate firms in Guangdong Province (the Province with Highest Gross Domestic Product in China).Methods : The survey sample included 524 firms in 15 cities of Guangdong Province. And we choose these firms from firm list published by government, considering the industrial characteristics of Guangdong province and firm size. The questionnaire comprised of four categories and included 17 questions was developed based on previous studies carried out by OECD. The executives of firms were contacted by phone or WeChat, and invited to answer the self-administered questionnaires through an on-line survey platform. The data was analyzed by SPSS.Results : The following findings are worth to be noticed: (1) 48.7% of firms maintained overall stability, and 35.1% of the firms experienced a halt in operation or faced closure; (2) Nearly 70%-90% of the firms are or are willing to transform to online marketing, remote office work and digital operations. (3) 46% of firms believe that there will be a certain loss this year, and 83.5% expected a decrease trend of the city's GDP growth.Conclusions : firms in Guangdong Province face great challenges in epidemic. The firms’ production and operation activities are limited, and face risks. It is necessary to effectively implement supporting policies to profoundly lower production costs for firms, and help firms survive the difficult period, even gradually transit to normal business operation status.

Causes and implications of the unforeseen 2016 extreme yield loss in France’s breadbasket

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Ben Ari
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Impact Modelling ◽  
Compound Events ◽  
Yield Forecasting ◽  
Crop Yield Forecasting ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The 2016 wheat harvest in France suffered from an unforeseen and unprecedented production loss. At 5.4 tonnes ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, wheat yield was the lowest recorded since 1986 and 30% below the five-year average.&amp;#160; Crop yield forecasting can be considered as near-real-time impact modelling, but unfortunately, none of the forecasting systems in place anticipated the extent of the impact. The 2015/2016 growing season was characterized by compounding warm autumn temperatures and abnormally wet conditions in the following spring. High rainfall and high temperatures leading to fungal diseases, soil water lodging and anoxia, low radiation affecting grain filling, and leaching of nitrogen from the root-zone have all been suggested as important factors ultimately leading to the yield loss. The use of binomial logistic regressions accounting for autumn and spring temperatures and precipitation, suggests that the odds of an extreme yield loss in 2016 was times 35 higher than expected. The challenge now is to further identify the variety of biotic and abiotic processes interacting at different timescales. Collecting relevant insights on the field or from trial experiments, and confronting these with statistical and biophysical crop modelling will be key to achieve this. Improved impact relevant indicators will need to be integrated into operational crop yield forecasting systems in preparation for future compound events.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Assessment of climate change impact on crop yield and irrigation water requirement of two major cereal crops (rice and wheat) in Bhaktapur district, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lajana Shrestha ◽  
Narayan Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
The Impact

Rice and wheat are major cereal crops in Nepal. Climate change impacts are widespread and farmers in developing countries like Nepal are among the most vulnerable. A study was carried out to assess the impact of climate change on yield and irrigation water requirement of these cereal crops in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Laboratory and soil-plant-air-water analysis showed silt-loam being the most dominant soil type in the study area. A yield simulation model, AquaCrop, was able to simulate the crop yield with reasonable accuracy. Future (2030–2060) crop yield simulations, on forcing the Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) based on regional circulation model simulation indicated decreased (based on HadCM3Q0 projection) and increased (based on ECHAM5 projection) yield of monsoon rice for A1B scenario, and rather stable yield (for both projection) of winter wheat. Simulation results for management strategies indicated that the crop yield was mainly constrained by water scarcity and fertility stress emphasizing the need for proper water management and fertilizer application. Similarly, a proper deficit irrigation strategy was found to be suitable to stabilize the wheat yield in the dry season. Furthermore, an increase in fertilizer application dose was more effective in fully irrigated conditions than in rainfed conditions.

Spring Wheat, Canola, and Sunflower Response to Persian Darnel (Lolium persicum) Interference

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathon D. Holman ◽  
Alvin J. Bussan ◽  
Bruce D. Maxwell ◽  
Perry R. Miller ◽  
James A. Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Branches

Integrated weed management practices, such as crop rotation and increased seeding rates, potentially improve weed management. Yet, few studies compare competitive interactions of weeds with different crops. This research quantified the impact of Persian darnel on spring wheat, canola, and sunflower yield across different seeding rates. Increasing crop density increased yield when Persian darnel affected crop yield early in physiological development. Crop yield loss was estimated to reach 83, 70, and 57% for spring wheat, canola, and sunflower, respectively, at high Persian darnel densities. Persian darnel reduced spring wheat yield by limiting the number of tillers per plant and seed per tiller; reduced canola yield by limiting the number of branches per plant, pods per branch, and seed per pod; and reduced sunflower yield by limiting the number of seed per plant. Persian darnel affected crop growth early in physiological development, indicating that interspecific interference occurred early in the growing season. Cultural and resource management aimed at reducing Persian darnel impact on resource availability and crop yield components will reduce Persian darnel impact on crop yield.

scholarly journals Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na przetwórstwo spożywcze i eksport rolno-spożywczy Polski Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food processing and Polish agri-food exports

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-163
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak ◽  
Łukasz Ambroziak ◽  
Jadwiga Drożdż
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Food Processing Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Production

Wirus SARS-CoV-2 zaczął się rozprzestrzeniać na całym świecie już kilka tygodni po jego wykryciu. Wszyscy są zaniepokojeni skutkami, jakie może spowodować pandemia COVID-19 wywołana przez ten wirus. Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu pandemii na sektor przetwórstwa spożywczego i eksport rolno-spożywczy Polski. W opracowaniu przedstawiono uwarunkowania sytuacji, w jakiej znalazł się polski sektor spożywczy w przededniu pandemii, zanalizowano niektóre dane produkcyjno-finansowe i handlowe za kilka miesięcy jej trwania oraz wskazano ewentualne następstwa pandemii i możliwe kierunki zmian w sektorze. Z analizy wynika, że sektor dość dobrze radzi sobie z kryzysem wywołanym przez pandemię COVID-19. Skutkiem pandemii nie powinna być duża fala upadłości i bankructw przedsiębiorstw, a jedyną negatywną konsekwencją może się okazać czasowe spowolnienie rozwoju sektora, głównie w wyniku wahań dynamiki wzrostu polskiego eksportu rolnospożywczego. Rosnący popyt w kraju i za granicą oraz wciąż niższe w porównaniu z innymi krajami koszty produkcji w Polsce pozwalają na utrzymanie tendencji wzrostowej produkcji i eksportu produktów rolno-spożywczych, a co za tym idzie wciąż dobrą kondycję sektora. Odpowiednia polityka gospodarcza i zaangażowanie przedsiębiorców mogą również pomóc utrzymać dotychczasowy poziom rozwoju polskiego sektora żywnościowego. Słowa kluczowe: eksport rolno-spożywczy, pandemia COVID-19, przemysł spożywczy, wirus SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 virus began to spread worldwide just weeks after its detection. Everyone is concerned about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by this virus. This article aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on the food processing sector and Polish agri-food exports. The article outlines the determinants of the situation in which the Polish food sector found itself at the eve of the pandemic, analyzes some production, financial and commercial data gathered during several months of its duration, and indicates possible consequences of the pandemic and potential directions of changes in the sector. The analysis shows that the sector is coping fairly well with the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic should not result in a massive wave of business insolvencies and bankruptcies, and the only negative consequence may be a temporary slowdown in the sector’s development, mainly due to fluctuations in the growth dynamics of Polish agri-food exports. The growing demand in Poland and abroad and the still lower production costs in Poland compared to other countries allow for the maintenance of the upward trend in the production and export of agri-food products, and thus the continued favorable condition of the sector. Appropriate economic policy and the involvement of entrepreneurs may also help maintain the current level of development of the Polish food sector. Keywords: agri-food exports, COVID-19 pandemic, food industry, SARS-CoV-2 virus.

A review of trends in wheat yield responses to conservation cropping in Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Yield Responses

Trends in wheat yield responses to conservation cropping in Australia were analysed using data from 33 medium-term (3-5 year) and long-term (>5 year) agronomic experiments. The overall effect of tillage (direct drilled v. cultivated) was small in all regions (-0.18 to +0.06 t/ha), while stubble retention (stubble retained v. stubble burnt) reduced yield in all regions (-0.31 to -0.02 t/ha). There was large year-to-year variation in the yield response to both tillage and stubble retention at all sites, but no consistent relationship between yield variation and amount or pattern of seasonal rainfall based on monthly totals. There was also little evidence that the yield of direct-drilled and stubble-retained treatments increased relative to cultivated or stubble-burnt treatments with the duration of the experiments, despite the improvement in soil conditions reported at many sites. The factors thought responsible for the year-toyear variation in yield response varied within and between regions, although some consistent effects emerged. Reduced early seedling growth of directdrilled crops was considered a major factor underlying the yield response at most sites, and this was rarely associated with the availability of water or nitrogen. High soil strength and increased severity of rhizoctonia root rot were responsible for these effects at some sites, but at others the cause remains unclear. Stubble retention influenced yield in many ways but the significance of the allelopathic effects of stubble, suspected by many authors to influence crop growth, is poorly understood. Adoption of direct drilling and stubble retention is likely to remain low in areas where no long-term yield benefit can be demonstrated and where greater management flexibility is offered by systems of reduced cultivation and late stubble burning-incorporation. Further research should identify and develop strategies to overcome the constraints to yield in conservation farming systems, particularly stubble retention, and assess the sustainability of recent innovations incorporating minimum disturbance and partial stubble retention. The more rapid adoption of such intermediate strategies will hasten the move of the grains industry toward sustainable production.

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