Management of highly fecund ewe types and their lambs for 8-monthly lambing. 2. Effect of weaning age and sex on lamb growth and carcass traits

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Fogarty ◽  
DG Hall ◽  
WR Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Lamb Growth

The effect of weaning at ages ranging from 6 to 13 weeks on growth of lambs from Booroola Merino x Poll Dorset (BD), Trangie Fertility Merino x Poll Dorset (TD), and Border Leicester x Merino (BLM) ewes was examined over 2 years as a component of management in an 8-monthly lambing system. Skin weight and carcass traits were also analysed. In the first year, there was a significant (P<0.01) difference between growth rates to 3 months of age of lambs weaned at 12, 9, and 6 weeks (222.5 � 4.4, 204.8 � 4.4, and 180.0 � 4.6 g/day, respectively). In the second year, lambs were weaned at weekly intervals from 6 to 13 weeks of age, and growth rates were higher because of better seasonal conditions. Using regression coefficients, lambs weaned at 12 and 9 weeks were estimated to have higher (P<0.01) growth rates by 17 and 8%, respectively, than lambs weaned at 6 weeks. There was no difference between lambs weaned at 6 and 9 weeks for liveweight at 5 months, but those weaned at 12 weeks were 5% heavier (P<0.01). Postweaning mortality was higher amongst early-weaned lambs. Progeny from TD and BLM ewes had 7% higher growth rates and liveweights than those from BD ewes (P<0.01). Male lambs (rams and wethers) grew faster (P<0.01) than ewes, and in the second year there was a 5% liveweight advantage of rams over wethers (P<0.01). Weaning age had no effect on any carcass trait. Carcass weight accounted for most variation in carcass traits, and its inclusion in the model removed the effect of type of rearing. There was a significant (P<0.01) crossbred type x carcass weight interaction for fat depth at the C site, due to progeny of BLM ewes being fatter than the other crossbred types at heavier carcass weights. The regression coefficients for fat depth at the C site on carcass weight were 0.39 � 0.05, 0.31 � 0.04, and 0.60 � 0.05 mm/kg for BD, TD, and BLM progeny. Carcasses of rams were leaner than those of wethers, which were leaner than those of ewes (P<0.01). There was no advantage from early weaning in management for an monthly lamb production system because lamb growth and survival were depressed.

scholarly journals Growth in children after bone marrow transplantation: busulfan plus cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide plus total body irradiation

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wingard ◽  
LP Plotnick ◽  
CS Freemer ◽  
M Zahurak ◽  
S Piantadosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Growth was assessed during the first and second years following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 47 children treated by either busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (BU/CY) (n = 24) or cyclophosphamide plus fractionated total body irradiation (CY/TBI) (n = 23). Before transplant, the median height was only 0.2 SD below age- and sex- adjusted means (range, -2.5 to +3.0). Height was greater than 2.0 SD below normal in only three patients (6%). The pretransplant heights were comparable in the BU/CY and CY/TBI groups (-0.1 v -0.6 SD, P = .35). Following transplant, median 1- and 2-year heights were 0.7 and 0.9 SD below normal, respectively. Growth rates were 2.2 SD and 1.4 SD below normal during the first and second years, respectively. Growth rates were greater than 2.0 SD below normal in 24 of 47 (51%) at 1 year and in 12 of 31 (39%) at 2 years after transplant. Growth rates in patients treated with BU/CY were comparable to those treated with CY/TBI during both years: -2.5 versus -1.7 SD during the first year (P = .19, Wilcoxon), and -1.5 versus -1.1 SD during the second year (P = .61). Growth rates during the second year correlated with growth rates during the first year (r = .36, P = .046). Growth rates during the first year were lower in patients who had been given prior cranial irradiation, those who were near pubertal age at the time of transplant, and those who were transplanted for a disease other than acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). During the second year, poor rates of growth were associated only with the use of corticosteroids after transplant.

Effect of crossing Blackface ewes with five sire genotypes on performance of F1 and F2 offspring

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 41-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Carson ◽  
L. E. R. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Lamb Growth

Relative to purebreeding, crossbreeding in the hill flock has been shown to increase lamb growth rates from birth to weaning by up to 12% and weight of lamb weaned by up to 24%, depending on ewe and ram breeds concerned (Carson et al 2001). Traditionally crossbred females produced in the hill are sold to the lowland as replacement females, so that potential hybrid vigour effects associated with crossbreeds are not fully exploited in the hill environment. A research programme has been established in Northern Ireland to investigate the potential for retaining crossbred females in the hill environment, as replacement breeding females, to improve the genetic potential of the hill flock. This paper presents the results from the first phase of the study which involved the production of the crossbred lambs from Scottish Blackface ewes (over 3-years) and the first year of the second phase, an evaluation of the performance of crossbred ewes as breeding females in the hill sector.

A comparison of the sown swards of perennial ryegrass S. 24 and Italian ryegrass RvP in a two-year lamb production system, with different breeds of sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Newton ◽  
N. E. Young ◽  
R. J. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Intensive System

SummaryA comparison was made between an intensive system of lamb production based on Italian ryegrass RvP and one based on perennial ryegrass S. 24, over 2 years, each at three stocking rates (14, 17, 20 ewes/ha). More grass was grown in the first year than in the second when the yield of RvP was particularly reduced. The ewes and lambs ate more RvP than S. 24 but there was no difference in lamb growth rate. The lambs grew faster at the low stocking rate from 0 to 18 weeks and from 0 to slaughter than at the medium and high stocking rates, in both years. Ewe intake and lamb growth rate were higher in the second year than the first. The Masham ewes with two lambs ate significantly more grass per unit of body weight than the Finnish Landrace × Scottish Halfbred and Finnish Landrace × Scottish Blackface ewes, and their lambs grew significantly faster. It was concluded that for an intensive system of lamb production from grass, S. 24 was more suitable than RvP.

Management of highly fecund ewe types and their lambs for 8-monthly lambing. 1. Effect of lamb weaning age on ewe reproductive activity in spring

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Fogarty ◽  
DG Hall ◽  
ST Dawe ◽  
W Atkinson ◽  
C Allan
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Second Year

The spring reproductive activity of ewes following a late winter lambing, and varying duration of suckling or lamb weaning age of 6-13 weeks, was investigated in 321 Booroola Merino x Dorset (BD) and 543 Trangie Fertility Merino x Dorset (TD) ewe records over 2 years and 238 Border Leicester x Merino (BLM) ewes in the second year. The ewes were joined about 12 weeks post-partum in November for 6 weeks, following lambing in July-August to conform to an %-monthly lambing regime. In the first year, ewes were run with vasectomised rams and oestrus, ovulation rate, and interval to first observed oestrus were determined under a simulated joining regime. In the second year entire rams were joined in spring following July-August lambing and oestrus, pregnancy, fetal number, lambs born per ewe joined and lambing interval were analysed. Amongst ewes rearing lambs, longer suckling significantly increased the interval to first oestrus and the lambing interval (P<0.01), but had no effect on the percentage of ewes expressing oestrus, percentage of pregnant ewes or lambs born. Significantly fewer ewes that lambed but failed to rear any lambs (LL), than ewes rearing lambs expressed oestrus, ovulated and became pregnant. This resulted in considerably lower lambing rates for LL ewes (95.8 v 137.2% lambs born, P<0.01). Reproductive activity was not greatly affected by ewe liveweight or liveweight gain during joining. BD and TD ewes had hgher pregnancy and lambing rates and a shorter lambing interval than BLM ewes. Ovulation rate and fetal number increased with the number of lambs being reared (0.20 � 0.08 and 0.11 � 0.04 per lamb, P<0.05). The results show that high pregnancy and lambing rates can be achieved from natural joining in the spring following late winter lambings within an 8-monthly lambing regime, when lambs are weaned prior to joining.

Growth of the abalone Haliotis roei gray

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Keesing ◽  
FE Wells
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
First Year ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Model ◽  
Second Year

The growth characteristics of the abalone Haliotis roei from Western Australia are described. Abalone grow rapidly to over 40 mm in their first year. In their second year, they reach 60 mm, the minimum size that can be legally taken by amateur fishermen. They are recruited to the commercial fishery at 70 mm during their third year. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth model were K = 0.67 year-1 and L∞ = 85.2 mm; however, differences occur between intertidal and subtidal habitats, with abalone of the subtidal population achieving faster growth rates and a larger maximum size. No significant differences in growth were detected between sexes.

Age and Growth of the Capelin, Mallotus villosus (Müller), from Newfoundland and Grand Bank Areas

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
One Year

From the study of samples of capelin in their first year it was established that scales are acquired when the fish are a little less than one year old and range in size from 7.2 to 10.0 cm. total (extreme tip) length. Length frequency and age data indicate that there is great variation between the growth rates of the various year-classes.From the Grand Bank 96% of the mature males and 99.6% of the mature females were three years old. No five-year-old fish were found on the Grand Bank. The average total lengths of mature capelin from bank and shore areas are quite similar.The male capelin has a total length greater than that of the female. This difference increases from 0.22 cm. for one-year-old fish to 2.32 cm. for three-year-old spawning fish.

Age and Growth of Smelt, Osmerus mordax (Mitchill), of the Miramichi River, New Brunswick

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Scale Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Average Size ◽  
First Time

Smelt develop scales at 20 to 25 mm. length. The circuli or ridges on them grow from the anterior and posterior to meet laterally. The posterior free part of the smelt scale is larger than the anterior and is used in age determinations. When scale growth ceases during winter a "scar" or "line" forms just outside the incomplete ridges around the edge of the scale. Hatching occurs in early summer. Scales generally develop 2 to 3 months later. Some scales are only clear platelets at the end of the first growing season. The "line" which forms around the margin of each scale is the only evidence of the first annual growth check. A positive correlation exists between number of ridges formed on the scales during the first year and lengths of fish within a year-class. There is no significant difference in weight of the sexes at the same length during the fishery, though females do have a faster growth rate than males, accelerating as they grow older. In the fishery and at spawning the average size of different ages declines as the season progresses. Smelt in the Miramichi generally mature at the end of their second year when 105 to 120 mm. long. They are caught in the commercial fishery in quantity for the first time during the winter preceding the end of their second year when they usually comprise about two thirds of the catch. Early hatching is correlated with greater growth in the first year and this greater size persists as smelt grow older.

scholarly journals The effect of pasture species on pasture and animal performances in irrigated systems

2000 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
R.A. Moss ◽  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
M.J. Daly ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
D.G. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Animal Performances ◽  
Buying In ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
Animal Production System

The effect of two contrasting forage supply options on forage and sheep production was evaluated on irrigated farmlet systems at Winchmore, mid Canterbury, over 3 years. One system was based on perennial ryegrass pastures (Control), and the other on hybrid ryegrass, tall fescue, and chicory pastures (Improved). Pasture growth rates were similar for all pasture types, however, pasture cover was on occasion, higher on the Control than Improved systems ensuring this system was self-sufficient in feed while the Improved system had a deficit averaging 714 kgDM/ha/yr. Swards on both systems contained similar proportions of legume but the Improved system contained less grass and more chicory before lamb grazing. Despite the apparent improvement in feed quality of the Improved system, its lamb performance was greater than that from the Control system for the first year only, when swards were newly established and contained greater proportions of chicory and legume. Although pasture production was similar between years there was considerable variation in lamb growth rates. This was most pronounced in the Improved system where pre-weaning rates averaged 266 and 216 g/d in years 1 and 3 respectively, and post-weaning rates 190 and 108 in years 1 and 2 respectively. The post-weaning variation appeared to coincide with fluctuations in clover and to an even greater extent, the chicory content of swards, the proportion of which declined as seasons progressed and pastures aged. The Improved system gave financial returns from lamb that were $49/ha higher than the Control in year 1 but offered no advantage in subsequent years. Compared to the Control, the Improved system had the added costs of more frequent pasture renewal and was further disadvantaged by a feed deficit necessitating buying-in supplies. Improvements anticipated to accrue from the inclusion of higher quality swards in an irrigated animal production system, were not supported by findings from this study. Keywords: irrigation, lamb production, pasture production, pasture quality, pasture species

The growth and carcass characteristics of crosses of Hereford and Friesian with Angoni, Barotse and Boran cattle in Zambia

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Thorpe ◽  
D. K. R. Cruickshank ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Supplementary Feed

SUMMARYSeven hundred and fifty purebred Angoni, Barotse and Boran cattle and their crosses sired by Friesian and Hereford bulls were compared for live-weight and carcass characters in Zambia. The cattle were born between September and December in three consecutive years and were reared on unimproved veld. In the first year all females and a random half of the males received supplementary feed in winter and the males were slaughtered at 2·5 years of age. The remaining males received the same total amount of winter supplementary feed prior to slaughter at 3·0 years of age. The males born in the second year were pen fed for a period prior to slaughter at 3·0 years of age. Males born in the third year were slaughtered at 3·5 years of age and received no supplementary feed.Genotype differences were important at all live weights and there were year of birth x genotype interactions at the 0·5, 1·0 and 1·5 year weights and a genotype × feed treatment interaction at the 2×0 year weight. Boran purebreds were heavier than the Angoni and Barotse purebreds; at 3·0 years the differences were +42·3 kg ( + 12·9%) and + 25·2 kg (+ 7·7 %) respectively. Cross-breds had heavier live weights than their corresponding purebreds with Boran crosses consistently heavier than the Angoni and Barotse crosses. The Friesian and Hereford sired Boran cross-breds were + 51·0 kg (+13·5 %) and + 43·0 kg (+ 11·6 %) heavier respectively than the purebred Borans at 3·0 years of age.There were large differences between the genotypes for all carcass characters with Borans having heavier carcasses than the Angonis and Barotses by + 20·3 kg (+ 10·6 %) and + 19·1 kg ( + 10·0%) respectively. The average carcass weight advantages of Friesian and Hereford crosses with the Angoni, Barotse and Boran breeds over the corresponding purebreds were + 40·3 kg ( + 19·0%), + 33·6 kg ( + 16·2%) and + 31·0 kg ( + 14·0%) respectively. There were few important carcass differences between the corresponding Friesian and Hereford crosses.The mortality rate during the experiment was 8·2% with only small differences between genotypes.The interactions found in the experiment indicated that breed comparisons should be conducted over a number of years and at various management levels. For growth and carcass production under the conditions of the experiment the use of exotic crossbreds is clearly advantageous.

The productivity of irrigated legumes in northern Victoria. 2. Effect of grazing management

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Kelly ◽  
C .R. Stockdale ◽  
W. K. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Persian Clover

The productivity of irrigated white (Trifolium repens L.) and red (Trifolium pratense L.) clover swards was compared in an experiment of more than 3 years duration. It was hypothesised that white clover would be more productive than red clover when defoliation was frequent and intense, and less productive when defoliation was infrequent and lax. The experiment was a factorial design involving 2 species of clover [white clover (cv. Haifa) and red clover (cv. Redquin)], 2 grazing frequencies and 2 grazing intensities (with the criteria for both being based on quantities of herbage present before/after grazing). There were 4 extra treatments sown: perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Grasslands Nui) and white clover (cv. Haifa), lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. Validor), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L. cv. Maral) or subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Trikkala), but only 1 defoliation treatment was used for each of these treatemnts. There were 4 replicated blocks of all treatments. Apparent growth rates [calculated from measurements of dry matter (DM) removed by grazing] of white clover ranged from a low of 10 kg DM/ha.day in winter to a high of 70 kg DM/ha.day in summer. The growth rates of white clover swards were superior to those of ryegrass and white clover swards over summer, but were generally lower from May to October. In 2 of the 4 years, frequent grazing of white clover resulted in greater (P<0.05) production than infrequent grazing (average of 12.8 v. 10.7 t DM/ha) whereas intensity of grazing only affected DM net accumulation in the first year (P<0.05). The data show no evidence of a decline in productivity over time. Sward structure of white clover was influenced by grazing treatment with the numerically highest yielding treatment (frequent and hard) having the highest density of stolon tips (vegetative buds). In relation to days of regrowth, the frequently grazed treatment had higher levels of net photosynthesis in spring and summer compared with the infrequently grazed treatment. The frequently grazed treatment achieved positive carbon balance immediately after grazing and reached maximum levels of photosynthesis at 8–10 days, whereas the infrequent treatment showed negative carbon balance for the first 2–3 days after grazing with maximum photosynthesis being achieved later than in the frequently grazed treatment. When net photosynthesis was related to leaf area, there were fewer differences between the 2 treatments. The exception was in spring when photosynthesis was lowest where the initial leaf area was highest in the infrequent and hard treatment. Maximum photosynthesis was achieved at diminishing leaf area index from spring through to winter. Red clover was the most productive legume in the first year after establishment, but it did not persist beyond the second year and its DM net accumulation was reduced by more frequent grazing (12.4 v. 15.3 t DM/ha in the first year and 6.1 v. 9.1 t DM/ha in the second year; P<0.05). The DM net accumulation of lucerne was greater than that in any other treatment (an average of 16.7 t DM/ha in the 2 completed years), whereas the annual legumes, subterranean clover and Persian clover, averaged 6.6 and 10.7 t DM/ha.year, respectively. The seasonal growth rate data showed that lucerne had very good summer production whereas the annuals tended to be at least as good as the perennials from May to October.

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