Zinc deficiency in wheat and lupins in Western Australia is affected by the source of phosphate fertiliser

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Riley ◽  
JW Gartrell ◽  
RF Brennan ◽  
J Hamblin ◽  
P Coates
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Phosphate Fertiliser ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Natural Component ◽  
Residual Effectiveness ◽  
Term Field

A long-term field experiment is being conducted in the wheatbelt of Western Australia to determine the effects of source of phosphate fertiliser on the residual effectiveness of zinc (Zn) to wheat and to sweet, narrow-leafed lupins grown in rotation. The initial 2 years' results of that experiment reported here indicate that both wheat and lupins responded to the addition of Zn to the soil. The requirements of these crops for Zn, can be mostly met with the small amount of Zn that is a natural component in single superphosphate manufactured from rock phosphates, but not with diammonium phosphate (DAP). The internal requirements for Zn of the aboveground tissues of lupins appear greater than those of wheat. Depending on the stage of growth, critical concentrations of Zn in the youngest leaf tissues of wheat that were prognostic of Zn deficiency, were found to vary from about 7 to 16 �g/g, while those in lupins were found to vary from about 28 to 37 �g/g.

Changes in soil solution composition and aluminium speciation under legume based pastures in response to long term phosphate fertiliser applications

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Manoharan ◽  
P Loganathan ◽  
RL Parfitt ◽  
RW Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertiliser ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Aluminium Speciation

This study describes some of the effects of 8 years of annual application of 6 types of phosphatic fertilisers on the chemical composition and aluminium (Al) speciation in soil solution extracted from a soil under pasture. Soil samples at 2 depths, 0-30 and 30-75 mm, were collected at the end of 8 years. Soil solutions were extracted by centrifuging at 12 000 RCF and analysed for Al, Na, K, Ca, Mg, F, NO3, Cl, and SO4, as well as pH and ionic strength. Soil and soil solution pH were significantly increased at both depths by application of North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) compared with the control. In contrast, diammonium phosphate (DAP) significantly decreased the soil and solution pH. Single superphosphate (SSP) did not have any significant effect on soil or solution pH compared with the untreated control. The surface soil (0-30 mm) solution pH was on average 0.6 of a unit higher than the subsurface soil (30-75 mm) solution pH. Total monomeric Al concentration [Al], measured by the pyrocatecol violet (PCV; 4 min) method, ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 �M in the surface soil and 2.5 to 12.2 �M in the subsurface soil. The DAP and higher rates of SSP application resulted in a large increase in total and inorganic monomeric [Al] in the soil solution extracted from the subsurface soil. Total soluble [F] ranged from 2.7 to 23.5 �M and 3.2 to 25.6 �M in the surface and subsurface soils, respectively, and was significantly increased by the application of NCPR and by higher rates of SSP. The predominant forms of inorganic monomeric Al present in the soil solution were estimated to be the non-phytotoxic Al-F complexes, AlF2+, and AlF2+. There was a marked decrease in toxic Al species (Al3+, Al(OH)2+, Al(OH)2+) in soil solution following NCPR and SSP application. This was due primarily to complexation of Al with F derived from these fertilisers forming non-toxic AI-F complexes. The results suggest that the long-term application of reactive phosphate rock such as NCPR may contribute to amelioration of soil acidity and Al toxicity under legume-based pastures. In contrast ammonium-containing phosphate fertilisers such as DAP probably decrease soil pH and increase the formation of toxic Al species in the soil solution.

scholarly journals Summary of eleven long-term field trials with 'Longlife' phosphatic fertiliser

1992 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
B.S. Thorrold ◽  
A.G. Sinclair ◽  
S.S.S. Rajan ◽  
D.C. Edmeades
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
The North ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Term Field

Longlife' phosphatic fertiliser is manufactured in New Zealand by mixing reactive phosphate rock (RPR) with single superphosphate (SSP) when the SSP is at an ex-den stage. Commercially produced Longlife (70:30 SSP:RPR) was evaluated in 6 field mowing trials in the North Island over 3 or4 years. Also, a 5050 (SSP:RPR) Longlife-type product was examined in 5 field trials throughout New Zealand over 5 or 6 years. Longlife was compared against SSP and/or triple superphosphate (TSP) in all trials, and RPR treatments were included in 7 trials. In all trials with commercially produced Longlife, the pasture response to Longlife tended to be less than that to SSP or TSP in the first 2 years and was significantly different (P 6.0 and/or rainfall ~800 mm/year). Keywords field trials, Longlife, phosphate, reactive phosphate rock, superphosphate

scholarly journals Effect of P, Zn and Cu Fertilization on Crops on a Calcareous Chernozem Soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Imre Kádár
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Ammonium Lactate ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Term Field

Both deficiency and excess of P, Zn and Cu are common in soils and crops of Hungary. The excess and deficiency of P occurring in agricultural soils and crops is a consequence of previous fertilization practice. Zn deficiency occurs mainly on calcareous soils well fertilized with P under maize, while Cu deficiency is often detected on poor sandy soils and on organic soils under other crops. Zn and Cu excess has been measured in city soils, in soils near highways and industrial areas.  In the present paper the effect of P supply is shown on yield and P/Zn ratios of crops, presenting the phenomena of the P-induced Zn deficiency on a calcareous loamy chernozem soil. In an other long-term field trial on the same soil, the effect of Cu and Zn loads was studied on soil and crop. The main conclusions drawn from these long-term field experiments are as follows: 1. An excess of available P in the plough layer of this soil might be detected by the ammonium lactate (AL) method when the soil analysis shows concentrations higher than 150-200 mg/kg P 2 O 5 . The P/Zn ratios of 6-leaf stage shoots and harvested straw of maize grown on these plots might be higher than 200, while that of grain 150-200. 2. In the frame of a fertilization program, P-induced Zn deficiency can be counterbalanced effectively on such calcareous chernozem soils with the application of P and Zn fertilizers in a ratio around 10:1. 3. The Cu content of crops could not be markedly raised by using CuSO 4 fertilizer, even with rates as high as 270 or 810 kg/ha Cu. However, as an effect of increased NxP fertilization, the Cu content of maize grain doubled, or that of maize straw was 4-times higher. This is an important tool for the Cu enrichment of animal diet, when maize straw is also used for animal feeding. 4. The soil and plant analysis data are proper means of controlling soil fertility and crop nutritional status when the soil and plant data are previously calibrated in long-term field experiments.

Relationship between a soils ability to adsorb phosphate and the residual effectiveness of superphosphate

Soil Research ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Proportional Change ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Residual Effectiveness

Twenty-two unfertilized soils from four localities in south-western Australia were used in a pot trial. In March powdered, single superphosphate was applied to the surface of eight of the pots at a range of levels. All the pots were kept moist until August when subterranean clover seed was sown and fresh superphosphate was applied to the previously unfertilized pots. Response curves were fitted to the yields and from the coefficients of the curves the relative effectiveness of the March and the August applications was calculated. For most of the soils, the March application was between 50 and 60% as effective as the August application. There was a small but significant trend for the relative effectiveness to increase as the soils' ability to adsorb phosphate from solution (�P) increased. There was a close relationship between the effectiveness of the August application and the inverse of �P. Since �P is a measure of the distribution of phosphorus between the solid and the solution phases in the soil, it was argued that the decreased effectiveness of the March application could be explained by a change in the distribution of phosphate. An incubation experiment showed that such a redistribution occurred and that the proportional change was little affected by �P. This seemed to explain the small effect of �P on decrease in effectiveness.

Long Term Field Test Results of Experimental EPDM and PUF Roofing

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Bailey ◽  
Stuart D. Foltz ◽  
Myer J. Rosenfield
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Term Field

Critical plant phosphorus for winter wheat assessed from long-term field experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 126263
Author(s):  
Mario Fontana ◽  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Juliane Hirte ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Saïd Elfouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Term Field
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