Growth and yield of 3 hybrid papayas (Carica papaya L.) under mulched and bare ground conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Elder ◽  
W. N. B. Macleod ◽  
D. J. Reid ◽  
R. L. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Intermediate Time

At Yarwun (151.3˚E, 23.75˚S), Australia, papaya Hybrid 29 yielded twice as much fruit as Hybrid 11 and 30% more than Hybrid 13. The plots mulched with coarse grass hay yielded 50% more fruit than the plots with bare ground. The highest yielding treatment, Hybrid 29 + mulch, averaged the equivalent of 81 t/ha.year over the 16.5-month harvest period. The yields were achieved in spite of inadequate water supply due to drought and the loss of 877 plants from 1441 plant positions (4 plants per position) due to the 3 phytoplasma diseases; dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic. Hybrid 29 produced higher yields than the other hybrids by flowering early on shorter plants with thicker stems and setting more fruit that commenced lower down on the stem. Hybrid 13 was intermediate in size and the amount of fruit setting between Hybrid 29 and Hybrid 11 but was the slowest to flower and set fruit. Hybrid 11 had the thinnest and tallest stems, flowered at an intermediate time between the other 2 hybrids and produced fewer flowers and fruit resulting in the lowest yield. Mulching increased stem height and thickness, promoted earlier flowering and increased fruit set, yield and average fruit weight

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen and Boron Application on Carica papaya L. I. Growth and Yield

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Agripino Pérez-López ◽  
Rubén D. Reyes-Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Four Levels

The experiment was carried on a Coto clay (an Oxisol). The effect of four levels of N (0, 57, 170 and 340 kg/ha) and four levels of B (0, 2.3, 4.5, 6.8 kg/ha) were determined using the P.R. 7-65 papaya variety. Treatments were initiated when the transplanted seedlings were three months old, and were repeated every six weeks. The information recorded showed the following results: Increments of N and B levels did not show a marked effect on plant height and stem diameter. Boron tended to be more effective than N in increasing stem height and diameter. The petiole fresh and dry weights increased linearly as the N and B levels were raised. The number and weight of fruits borne on female and hermaphroditic trees increased linearly as the N and 8 levels were raised. The results of the experiment showed that the papaya plant requires a high N and B fertilization rate.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of pomato under the Syrian coastal mountains conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Alaa Suhiel Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Significant Superiority

Abstract. The world has always been striving to increase and intensify agricultural production, and there are several attempts to acheive that, such as grafting tomato on potato to obtain two crops from one plant. This investigation was conducted during 2020 in open field in Nahl village, Baniyas, Tartous Governorate, Syria. The vegetative and generative growth and yield have been studied for pomato (grafted tomato on potato) and compared to each tomato and potato separately. Tomato plants were significantly superior in plant height to pomato plants after 23 days of planting until the end of the experiment. On the other hand, there were significant differences between tomato plants and pomato plants in the leaf area after 23, 51 and 65 days of planting. Also, tomato plants significantly outperformed pomato plants in the number of flowers and fruits per plant and the tomato fruit set percent. Anyway, tomato plants were significantly superior in the average yield of tomato fruits per plant (1657 g.plant-1) to pomato plants (185 g.plant-1), while there were insignificant differences in the average yield of potato tubers per plant between pomato which failed to produce tubers and potato (48.25 g.plant-1). Studying the tomato fruit fresh weight showed a significant superiority of tomato plants (54.37 g.fruit-1) to pomato plants (35.97 g.fruit-1), while there were insignificant differences in the other physical (tomato fruit height, diameter and shape index) and chemical (tomato fruit content of total acids, total soluble solids and dry matter, %) properties.

scholarly journals Chemical and mechanical methods on fruit setting and pomological traits of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) under Czech agro climatic condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Saket Mishra ◽  
Mithun Tarafdar ◽  
Ravi Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Chinese Jujube ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Bud Breaking

Abstract. The aim of this research was conducted to improve fruit set using different types of treatments and to find out the best treatment on the basis of number of fruits and pomological traits. For the research, ten years old 12 Lang cultivar of jujube trees and 3 seedlings from open pollinated of Ukraine genotypes were used. The tree spacing was 3.50×1.26 m. Spraying of Borax showed that average numbers of fruits were higher than the other treatments, average values of height, weight, width and thickness were also higher than the other treatments. On the other hand Urea and Girdling gave poor results in both years. In case of seedlings, different treatments for fruit setting have not given good results. Spraying with different treatments did not affect fruit-setting and pomological characteristics as well, in a larger scale. In 2006, bud breaking started in jujube cultivars on 28th April and in seedlings on 6th May. In 2007, bud breaking started in jujube cultivars 11 days earlier and 10 days earlier on 26th April in seedling. In jujube cultivars, there were some variations in the dates of flowering during 2006; the average date of flowering was 26th June in 2006 for all cultivars of jujube. In seedlings, flowering started on 6th July 2006. During 2007 flowering started in jujube cultivar jujube cultivars started flowering 12 days earlier and seedlings 22 days earlier. During 2006, fruit set started in jujube cultivars and seedlings, on 12th July and 14th July respectively. During 2007, fruit set started in jujube cultivars and seedlings on 1st July and 10th July respectively. In 2007 fruit set in jujube cultivars started 11 days earlier and in seedlings 4 days earlier. During 2006, ripening started in jujube cultivars and seedlings on 26th Sept. During 2007 ripening started in jujube cultivars and seedlings on 2nd and 10th Sep. respectively. In 2007, ripening started in jujube cultivars 24 days earlier and seedlings 16 days earlier. Statistical evaluations of the data showed the differences between 2006 and 2007.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid combined with hand pollination increases ‘Red’ and ‘Lessard Thai’ sugar apple fruit quality and produced parthenocarpic ‘Gefner’ atemoya fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira ◽  
Silvia Nietsche ◽  
Jonathan Henry Crane ◽  
Wanda Montas ◽  
Célia Lúcia Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Natural Pollination

ABSTRACT: The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of applying gibberellic acid (GA3) with hand (HP) or natural pollination (NP) on fruit set and the fruit quality of ‘Red’ and ‘Lessard Thai’ sugar apple and ‘Gefner’ atemoya fruits.This study was performed in an experimental orchard located in Homestead, Florida, USA. The experimental design included randomized blocks, with eight treatments, four replicates and four plants per plot. Treatments included: (1) HP; (2) HP + 10 mg L-1 GA3; (3) HP + 100 mg L-1 GA3; (4) HP + 1,000 mg L-1 GA3; (5) NP; (6) NP + 10 mg L-1 GA3; (7) NP + 100 mg L-1 GA3 and (8) NP + 1,000 mg L-1 GA3. The HP plus 1,000 mg L-1 GA3 promoted fruit setting above 90% over the 14 weeks for all genotypes evaluated. Significant increments for length and total fruit weight were observed. ‘Red’ sugar apple and atemoya had a reduced number of seeds per fruit. The NP plus GA3 (1,000 mg L-1) was effective in producing high quality seedless ‘Gefner’ atemoya fruits. This investigationdemonstratedthat GA3 plus hand pollination produced high quality sugar apple and atemoya seeded fruits and in association with natural pollination promoted seedless ‘Gefner’atemoya fruits.

scholarly journals Effects of salicylic and benzoic acid on yield and yield components of moisture stressed tomato (solanum lycopersicun l.) at Kadawa Sudan Savannah

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
H.M. Isa ◽  
A.A. Manga
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Salicylic acid and Benzoic acids are antitranpirants usually used to reduce the rate of moisture loss and increase productivity of irrigated crops. To test antitranspiracy of Salicylic and Benzoic acids, field experiments were conducted during the two successive dry Seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at the Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kadawa (11̊ 38ʹ 40.3ʺ N,8̊ 25ʹ3.9ʺ E) 498m elevation above sea level. The aim was to study the effects of antitranspirants and moisture stress on crop growth and development stages of tomato. The treatments consisted of two antitranspirants at four different concentrations of 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm, and three moisture stress stages, vegetative, flowering and fruit setting. Antitranspirants and moisture stresses were assigned to the main plot and concentrations were used as sub–plot treatment. These were replicated three times and laid out in a split-plot design. The gross plot size was 3.6m x 3.0m (10.8m2) consisting of 6 rows of 3m length, while the net plot size was 1.2m 1.8m (2.16 m2) consisting of 2 inner most rows. Data were taken on tomato growth and yield attributes. Data generated were analysed using statistical analytics software (SAS). The results of the study revealed that application of both Antitranspirants enhanced growth and yield components such as fruit diameter, number of fruits plant1, average fruit weight, marketable fruit yield and total fruit yield of tomato. Significant interactions between and among the factors were also recorded for fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1 marketable fruit yield and the total fruit yield. Application of 200 and 400 ppm of of Salicylic acid at fruit setting produced the highest total fruit yield (6.66 tha-1) which was statistically similar to 600 ppm of Benzoic (6.10 t ha-1) at flowering while the control had the lowest. Total fruit yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of fruit plant-1 and average fruit weight. Number of fruits plant-1 was found to have the highest direct contribution to the yield. Flowering and fruiting stages were found to be the critical growth stages for moisture stress of tomato. Foliar application of 400 ppm of Salicylic acid at fruit setting stage appeared to promote tomato yield in the study area.

scholarly journals Effects of Poultry Manure, N. P. K Fertilizer and Their Combination on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
P. Atta Poku Snr ◽  
C. G. Kyere ◽  
P. A. Poku Jnr ◽  
E. Oppong ◽  
G. Twumasi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
K Fertilizer

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the influence of organic (poultry) manure, inorganic manure (N.P.K) and their combination on the growth and yield of sweet pepper in the transitional zone of Ghana. The experiment was conducted at the research field of the College of Agriculture Education, University of Education Winneba, Mampong campus in 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) which consisted of four treatments with 4 replications. The treatment groups were: Control (no soil amendment), 10 t/ha PM, 300 kg/ha N.P.K, and 5 t/ha PM + 150 kg/ha N.P.K. All the treatments were given fair and equal attention in terms of watering, weeding and disease and pest control. The result showed that 10 t/ha PM recorded (P=.05) the tallest plant height, greater number of leaves and leaf area per plant, days taken for 50% bud appearance and flowering, the highest number of flowers per plant and the minimum days to fruit set, highest number of fruit set minimum days to harvesting with the control been the least in all traits. Similarly, 10 t/ha PM recorded (P=.05) had the highest number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and fruit yield while the control treatment recorded the least in all traits. This study concludes that the application of poultry manure improves the productivity of sweet pepper. This study recommends that 10 t/ha PM is an ideal for maximum vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper.

Post-ratoon growth and yield of three hybrid papayas (Carica papaya L.) under mulched and bare-ground conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Elder ◽  
D. J. Reid ◽  
W. N. B. Macleod ◽  
R. L. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Theoretical Yield ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Reduced Time

At Yarwun (151.3°E, 23.75°S), a trial was conducted to compare 3 papaya hybrids (Hybrid 29, Hybrid 11 and Hybrid 13) under mulching with grass hay or in bare ground. The viability of ratooning a papaya crop was also investigated. After a 16-month cropping season plants were cut to a 750-mm stump (ratooned) about monthly over a 3.5-month period and, following a 4.5-month regrowth period, were harvested for a period of 11 months (post-ratoon). Hybrid 29 yielded (by weight) 54% more than Hybrid 11 and 92% more than Hybrid 13 during the 3.5-month ratooning period. At the commencement of ratooning, Hybrid 29 plants were 41–58 cm shorter than Hybrid 11 and 13 plants, allowing the Hybrid 29 plants to be retained for longer before being ratooned. Hybrid 29 also returned to fruiting more quickly with a greater proportion of plants (97%) with fruit at the first post-ratoon harvest compared with Hybrid 11 (87%). Following regrowth (post-ratoon) the 3 hybrids produced similar yields. All 3 hybrids were equally susceptible to the 3 phytoplasma diseases and to nematodes. The plots mulched with coarse grass hay yielded 70% more during the ratooning period and 116% more post-ratoon than the plots with bare ground. This difference was attributed in part to fewer root-knot nematodes, the roots being more heavily infected with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, the use of the complete upper soil profile by the roots, reduced rainfall run off and less soil loss in the mulched treatment. The highest yielding treatment, mulched Hybrid 29, averaged the equivalent of 55 t/ha.year during ratooning, 43 t/ha.year over the 11-month post-ratoon harvest period and 65 t/ha.year over the entire plant–ratoon cycle. These yields were achieved in spite of drought conditions and quite severe outbreaks of the phytoplasma diseases, dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic, with 60% of plant positions infected with dieback during the post-ratoon period. Theoretical yield estimations using the data from the plant and post-ratoon crops indicated that ratooning may give superior average monthly yields compared with 2 successive plant crops because of the reduced time required for the ratooned crop to return to production. The study demonstrated the benefits of mulching, the superiority of Hybrid 29 and that ratooning may be successfully used in papaya. In environments similar to Yarwun, Hybrid 29, or similar hybrids, with mulching is recommended for commercial production. If land, time or finances are limiting, consideration should be given to ratooning the plant crop based on monthly cut outs over a 3–4-month ratooning period with vacant plant positions replanted during ratooning.

scholarly journals ADAPTASI TIGA VARIETAS PEPAYA (MERAH DELIMA, JUPE, MADU) DI LAHAN KERING DATARAN RENDAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anang Firmansyah ◽  
Teguh Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Inhibiting Factors

Papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) is  classified as having high economic value and is being developed by many farmer.  A common problem is the papaya variety that farmer \s develop usually from careless seeds, so the production and quality are low.  The aim of this research is to introduce superior papaya and have good quality. Three varieties papaya are used in this study, namely: Merah Delima, Jupe, and Madu.The research location is located in the dry land of Banturung, Palangka Raya City.  The result that the land suitability class of the study site included S3wa,on, which is Marginal Suitability with the heaviest inhibiting factors of water availability and oxygen availability. On Growth parameters, then Merah Delima has the largest stem circumference  of 10,1 cm althought it is not significantly different from other varieties 8,8 cm.  While the plant height is the best Merah Delima  papaya and signficantly different from Madu. Interms of Productioan Jupe has a number of Fruits (38 fruits/tree) that are significantly different from Madu, and the weight of fruit (1,2 kg/fruit) is significantly different from Merah Delima., and fruit weight per tree 34,1 kg is significantly different from the other two varieties.  Base on the sweetness level, the sweetest Merah Delima reaches 9,1 oBrix significantly different from Jupe (6,9 oBrix) and Madu (6,6 oBrix).  Parameters of growth, productionand quality of papaya can still be improved by improving the management of inhibiting factors.

scholarly journals Nutrient Concentrations, Growth, and Yield of Tomato and Squash in Municipal Solid-waste-amended Soil

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ozores-Hampton ◽  
H.H. Bryan ◽  
B. Schaffer ◽  
E.A. Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Canopy Volume

The effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) materials on growth, yield, and mineral element concentrations in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (1991 and 1992) and squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. Ex Lam.) (1992 and 1993) were evaluated. Agrisoil compost (composted trash), Eweson compost (co-composted trash and sewage sludge), or Daorganite sludge (chemically and heat-treated sewage sludge) were incorporated into calcareous limestone soil of southern Florida. The control had no MSW material added to the soil. The effect of MSW on crop growth, yield, and mineral element concentrations varied considerably between years for tomato and squash. In 1991, tomato plants grown in soil amended with Eweson or Daorganite had a greater canopy volume than plants in the control treatment. Tomato plants grown in Daorganite had greater total fruit weight (1991) than plants in Agrisoil and more marketable fruit (1992) than control plants. In both years, tomato plants in Agrisoil had higher root Zn concentrations than plants in the other treatments. In 1992, tomato plants in Eweson had lower root Mn concentrations than plants in the other treatments, whereas Mg concentrations in the roots were higher in the Daorganite treatment than in Eweson. Tomato plants in Agrisoil had higher Pb concentrations in the roots than plants in all other treatments. In 1991, leaves of tomato plants in Agrisoil had lower Ca concentrations than leaves of plants in the control treatment. In 1992, leaf Zn concentrations were greater for tomato and squash in Agrisoil than in the control or Daorganite. In 1992, canopy volume and yield of squash were greater for plants in Daorganite than for plants in the control and other MSW treatments. Although canopy volume and total squash fruit weight did not differ among treatments in 1993, plant height was greater for squash plants in the MSW treatments than for those in the control. In 1993, leaf Mg concentrations were greater for squash grown in Daorganite than for plants in the control or Agrisoil. In 1993, fruit Cd concentration was higher for plants with Eweson than for plants in the control or Agrisoil. However, the fruit Cd concentration in squash grown in Eweson compost (1.0 mg/kg dry weight) was far below a hazardous level for human consumption. Our results indicate that amending calcareous soils with MSW materials can increase growth and yield of tomato and squash with negligible increases in heavy metal concentrations in fruit.

scholarly journals FRUIT SET OF FALL WATERMELONS IN FLORIDA

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 268D-268
Author(s):  
D.N. Maynard ◽  
G.W. Elmstrom
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Fourth Experiment

Fruit set of 'Crimson Sweet', 'Jubilee II', 'King of Hearts', 'Mickylee', and 'Sangria' watermelons was studied in Florida, In 1991 and 1992 seasons at Bradenton and Leesburg, In 1991, fruit set at Bradenton occurred primarily from 7-10 October. At Leesburg, fruit set in at least one of the four varieties occurred over 19 days. However, there were flushes of fruit setting 25-28 September and again 5-7 October. Fruit set over the entire season ranged from 11 to 16% at Leesburg and between 17 and 20% at Bradenton. In 1992, fruit set occurred primarily between 11 and 17 October at both locations. Fruit set for the entire season ranged from 16 to 21% at Bradenton and 22 to 31% at Leesburg. The effects of bee attractants on watermelon fruit yield were studied in Manatee (Bradenton) County in fall 1991 (Bee Scent) and in Manatee and Lake (Leesburg) counties in spring 1992 (Bee-Here). Bee attractants did not significantly affect yield in three of four experiments. In the fourth experiment, early yield and average fruit weight for the entire season were increased significantly following application of the bee attractant.

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