Establishment, growth and persistence of greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus) at six sites in eastern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Blumenthal ◽  
A. M. Bowman ◽  
A. Cole ◽  
R. M. Jones ◽  
W. M. Kelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Plant Frequency ◽  
The One ◽  
Lotus Uliginosus

Summary. Three Lotus uliginosus populations, cv. Maku, Sharnae and the line G4704 were compared to Trifolium repens cv. Haifa on the basis of plant frequency and contribution to total above ground biomass production at 6 sites in eastern Australia (Samford, Grafton, Taree, Nowra, Moss Vale and Warragul). In addition, L. uliginosus G4703 was sown at Nowra and L. corniculatus (L.) cv. Grasslands Goldie was sown at Taree. At each site populations were sown with a grass; Setaria sphacelata cv. Narok at Samford, Grafton and Taree; Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley at Nowra and Moss Vale and cv. Ellett at Warragul. Grasslands Maku and the sown grasses were also sown alone at each site. Each of the pasture treatments was sown either with 500 kg/ha single superphosphate or without superphosphate (or with small amounts of P, if available soil Bray P The main findings were that: (i) superphosphate had little effect on lotus frequency and biomass after the first few harvests; (ii) Haifa white clover was the most successful legume in terms of plant frequency and contribution to total biomass at the subtropical sites (Taree, Grafton and Samford); (iii) Haifa was the most successful legume in the establishment year at the temperate sites, but lotus became dominant in subsequent years; (iv) Grasslands Maku was the superior greater lotus population in terms of frequency and contribution to total biomass production at all sites; and (v) at Taree, the one site where L. corniculatus cv. Grasslands Goldie was included, it was the superior population.

scholarly journals 353 CONTAINER SHAPE, SIZE, AND CUPRIC HYDROXIDE COATING AFFECT ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH OF FICUS AND PEPPER TREES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 481c-481
Author(s):  
Ursula K. Schuch ◽  
Dennis R. Pittenger
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Cupric Hydroxide ◽  
Container Shape

This study was designed to determine whether trees growing in tall, narrow containers versus regular containers of equal volume, or trees growing in containers coated with cupric hydroxide versus no coating would have a better quality root system, less circling roots, and more biomass production. Ficus (Ficur retusa L. `nitida') and pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi.) liners were grown for 6 months in the greenhouse in one-gal. containers. Cupric hydroxide coating prevented matting of roots on the side of the root ball in both species and root circling at the bottom of containers in ficus. Pepper trees growing in regular-shaped containers had a higher biomass production versus trees growing in tall containers. Subsequently, trees were transplanted to 3 or 5 gal. containers with shape or coating as described above. For pepper, cupric hydroxide coating versus no coating reduced circling and matting of roots, trees in regular versus tall containers had increased above ground biomass, and trees in 5-gal. versus 3-gal. containers grew more medium and small-sized roots and produced more total biomass.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis Improves the Effect of Straw Amendment on the Productivity of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Tomasz Głąb ◽  
Krzysztof Gondek ◽  
Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Straw Amendment

The use of straw as a soil amendment is a well-known and recommended agronomy practice, but it can lead to negative effects on the soil and crop yield. It has been hypothesized that many problems related to the burying of straw can be overcome by pyrolyzing it. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of straw and its biochar on the biomass production of perennial ryegrass. A pot-based experiment was conducted with three factors: (i) the crop species used as feedstock, (ii) raw or pyrolyzed organic material, and (iii) the rate of organic amendments. The soil in the pots was amended with straw and biochar produced from Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) or winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). After soil amendment application, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seeds were sown. During two years of the experiment, the perennial ryegrass above-ground biomass production and root biomass and morphology parameters were determined. Straw and biochar resulted in higher perennial ryegrass above-ground biomass compared with that of the non-fertilized control. However, straw amendment resulted in lower plant yields of above-ground biomass than those of the biochar treatments or the mineral fertilizer control treatment. The feedstock type (Miscanthus or wheat) significantly affected the perennial ryegrass yield. No difference was observed among wheat and Miscanthus biochar, while among straws, Miscanthus resulted in lower perennial ryegrass productivity (the higher rate of straw and biochar as soil amendments resulted in relatively high perennial ryegrass productivity). The organic amendments resulted in relatively high root biomass and length. The root:shoot ratio was lower in the treatments in which biochar was used, whereas feedstock species and amendment rate were not statistically significant for any of the root biomass and morphometric parameters. The results suggest that the use of pyrolyzed straw can be a reliable strategy instead of straw, increasing ryegrass growth and productivity.

Contrasting yield formation characteristics in two super-rice hybrids that differ in growth duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Zui Tao ◽  
Tao Lei ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Formation

Summary The development of high-yielding, short-duration super-rice hybrids is important for ensuring food security in China where multiple cropping is widely practiced and large-scale farming has gradually emerged. In this study, field experiments were conducted over 3 years to identify the yield formation characteristics in the shorter-duration (∼120 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Guiliangyou 2’ (G2) by comparing it with the longer-duration (∼130 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Y-liangyou 1’ (Y1). The results showed that G2 had a shorter pre-heading growth duration and consequently a shorter total growth duration compared to Y1. Compared to Y1, G2 had lower total biomass production that resulted from lower daily solar radiation, apparent radiation use efficiency (RUE), crop growth rate (CGR), and biomass production during the pre-heading period, but the grain yield was not significantly lower than that of Y1 because it was compensated for by the higher harvest index that resulted from slower leaf senescence (i.e., slower decline in leaf area index during the post-heading period) and higher RUE, CGR, and biomass production during the post-heading period. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to reduce the dependence of yield formation on growth duration to a certain extent in rice by increasing the use efficiency of solar radiation through crop improvement and also highlight the need for a greater fundamental understanding of the physiological processes involved in the higher use efficiency of solar radiation in super-rice hybrids.

Water retention in Australian soils. 2.* Prediction using particle size, bulk density, and other properties

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Paydar ◽  
HP Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The One

Different approaches were investigated for estimating the parameters in the Campbell soil water characteristic (SWC) equation from soil attributes such as particle size distribution (PSD), bulk density, and organic matter content. Predicted soil water characteristics were compared with measured values for soils of the wheatbelt of south-eastern Australia. A method of prediction is proposed incorporating an empirical relationship for estimating the slope of the SWC from the slope of the cumulative PSD. A power-law form is assumed for both the SWC and PSD functions. One measured SWC point is then used to locate and thus define the SWC curve. When SWC points predicted with this 'one-point' method were compared with measured values, the mean absolute value of the difference between each measured and predicted SWC point was 0.016 m3/m3 for the Geeves data and 0.027 m3/m3 for the Forrest data. Eight sets of predictive equations, previously developed using multiple regression analysis, were also evaluated. Whilst the equations predicted the slope of the SWC curves reasonably well, predictions of the air entry potential were poor. Although less accurate, the equations developed by multiple regression are less demanding in data requirement compared with alternative SWC prediction methods. The one-point method gave better predictions than the multiple regression approach but was less accurate than the 'two-point' method proposed in the first paper in this series. The one-point method should be considered where PSD data and 1 measured SWC point are available. In most other circumstances it will be more accurate and cost-effective to measure 2 SWC points to define the soil water characteristic function (the two-point method).* Part I, Aust. J. Soil Res., 1996, 34, 195–212.

Role of sink-source relationships in chrysanthemum flower size and total biomass production

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana M.P. Carvalho ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
Jeremy Harbinson ◽  
Olaf Van Kooten
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Total Biomass

scholarly journals Phylogenetic diversity correlated with above‐ground biomass production during forest succession: Evidence from tropical forests in Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 1419-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manichanh Satdichanh ◽  
Huaixia Ma ◽  
Kai Yan ◽  
Gbadamassi G.O. Dossa ◽  
Leigh Winowiecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass

scholarly journals Seeding Density and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Agronomic Responses of Some Hybrid Barley Lines in a Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Giovanni Preiti ◽  
Antonio Calvi ◽  
Maurizio Romeo ◽  
Giuseppe Badagliacca ◽  
Monica Bacchi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Seeding Rate

Over two cropping seasons, 2017/18 and 2018/19, an experimental trial was conducted in a typical cereal-growing environment of the Calabrian hills (southern Italy) to study seeding rate (D) and nitrogen fertilization (N) effects on two barley F1 hybrids (Zoo and Jallon) compared to those of a traditional variety (Lutece), assessing the bio-agronomic response. Barley hybrids, gradually introduced into the principal European countries starting in 2010 as winter forage, currently represent a significant part of the EU internal market. Productive performance was evaluated as grain yield for feed and total biomass for silage and/or biogas production. Research results pointed out the greater performance of barley hybrids compared to conventional varieties in terms of both grain and biomass production. On average, barley hybrids vigour mainly manifested itself through a high tillering and a greater number of ears m−2 compared to those of the conventional variety (+24 and +23%, respectively). Furthermore, barley hybrids were characterized by a greater 1000-kernel weight and hectolitre weight than those of the Lutece variety (conventional variety). A significant increase in grain production was observed, increasing density from D150 to D225 rates (+35% and +33%, respectively) which was followed by a decrease in production shifting from D225 to D300 doses. A significant increase in biomass production was as well highlighted for the two hybrids, shifting from D150 to D225 rates (+26% and +27%, respectively). The applied nitrogen dose highlighted a different behaviour between the hybrids and the conventional variety; in particular, the lowest nitrogen dose (N80) negatively influenced the Lutece variety both in terms of grain and biomass production (−9% and −16%, respectively) while the hybrids showed the best agronomic response even at the lowest dose. On average, with the N80 dose, grain yield of Zoo and Jallon was greater than 20% and 16%, while with the N120 dose grain yield was 9% and 7%, respectively. A similar behaviour was found for biomass yield. It should therefore be emphasized that barley hybrids possess high yielding capacities and that such higher grain production can be achieved in a Mediterranean environment by using a lower seed rate (approximately −25%) and a reduced nitrogen dose (approximately −33%) compared with those commonly applied to conventional varieties.

scholarly journals Grazing Exclusion, a Choice between Biomass Growth and Species Diversity Maintenance in Beijing—Tianjin Sand Source Control Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhe Li ◽  
Jiangwen Fan ◽  
Hailing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Grazing Exclusion ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Restoration Practices ◽  
Sand Source

Grasslands in northern China form an important ecological barrier that prevents and controls desertification. The Beijing–Tianjin Sand Source Control (BTSSC) Project has been implemented to restore grassland in order to control sand sourced pollution. This study aimed to understand the impacts of four applied restoration practices on the productivity, composition, and species diversity of vegetation communities in the BTSSC Project. The results indicated the following: (1) All the restoration practices tended to increase the height and cover of communities, and the effect was most obvious where grazing was excluded; (2) total biomass (87%), above-ground biomass (164%) and below-ground biomass (58%) only increased consistently when grazing was excluded from the steppe; (3) fenced and grazing exclusion practice significantly increased the abundance of species in communities, but all the practices tended to decrease the evenness of species; and, (4) the correlation analysis revealed that the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index, showed significant negative correlations with the above-ground biomass of grassland communities after restoration, while no significant relationships were shown in reference plots. Our comparison of applied practices in the BTSSC project revealed that grazing exclusion might be a high priority for more successful restoration in this region.

scholarly journals Effects of water deficit on growth and physiology of young Conocarpus erectus L. and Ficus benjamina L. Saplings

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Mir Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Co2 Assimilation Rate ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water deficit on growth and physiological parameters of Ficus benjamina and Conocarpus erectus. The results revealed that all growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, no. of leaves, no. of branches and chlorophyll contents significantly decreased under water deficit condition. Interestingly, although leaf, stem and total biomass production and allocation decreased significantly under water deficit, but root biomass production and allocation increased significantly. Similarly, stomatal conductance to water vapor decreased significantly and CO2 assimilation rate remained similar to control under water deficit condition. Resultantly, a significant increase in water use efficiency was evident in both species under water deficit condition. These results suggested that, in spite of a significant decrease in biomass production, young Conocarpus erectus and Ficus benjamina can tolerate water deficit which is due to sustained CO2 assimilation rate and increase in root biomass.

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