Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) controls red rice (Oryza sativa) in the Burdekin Valley of North Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Molinate controlled red rice (Oryza sativa) in commercial rice (O. sativa cv. Starbonnet) giving an increasing response at rates of 3.6, 4.3, 5.0, 5.7, 6.4, 7.2, 7.9 kg a.i./ha in 1 summer and 2 winter crops. No crop injury was observed at any rate of molinate, and grain yield, grain moisture, 1000-grain weight, head counts, grain number per head, germination counts, percentage bran and head yield were not affected. In 2 experiments, the percentage of whole grain was not affected by the chemical but in 1 experiment percentage whole grain increased with the rate of chemical used. Molinate provides a substantial level of control of red rice in commercial rice but the response to the herbicide is variable. In some crops weed suppression up to about 50% control is all that can be achieved, but in other crops controls of >90% are achievable. With the low levels of infestation that usually occur in North Queensland these levels of control are acceptable.

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Drill-Seeded Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Diarra ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Culm Density ◽  
High Yields

Field experiments were conducted to investigate methods of controlling red rice (Oryza sativaL. ♯ ORYSA) in drill-seeded rice (O. sativa). Treatments included the rice cultivar ‘Mars', coated with calcium peroxide (CaO2) at 40% (w/w) and a crop protectant, R-33865 (O,O-diethyl-O-phenyl phosphorothioate) at 0.5 and 1% (v/w). Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) at 6.7 kg ai/ha was applied preplant incorporated (ppi). The land was flooded (2.5 to 5 cm deep) after seeding with rice (100 kg/ha, 2.5 cm deep), and the water was maintained throughout the growing season. CaO2, with or without molinate, increased rice grain yield 50% and increased rice culm density fivefold above untreated rice. Molinate applied ppi controlled 96% of the red rice. Rice seed coated with only CaO2or with CaO2plus R-33865 at 0.5%, each combined with ppi molinate, produced 5690 and 6030 kg/ha of grain, respectively. These high yields were associated with red rice control by molinate and good stands of rice provided by O2supplied by CaO2. R-33865 applied to rice seed at 1% (v/w) injured rice by reducing rice culm densities 41%, compared with rice without protectant.

scholarly journals  Influence of crop management upon the agronomic traits of spelt (Triticum spelta L.)    

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pospisil A Pospisil M Svecnjak Z Matotan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Germinated Seeds

  Investigations were carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb in the growing seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 with the aim to determine the influence of seeding rate and fungicide treatment upon the yield and yield components of spelt (Triticum spelta L.). The trial included two spelt cultivars: Nirvana and Ostro, three seeding rates: 200, 300, and 400 germinated seeds/m2, and a fungicide treatment (tebuconazole). Cultivar Nirvana produced a significantly higher grain yield in both trial years, higher number of spikelets per spike, higher grain number and mass per spike. Cultivar Ostro had a significantly higher grain crude proteins content, higher 1000 grain weight, and also a higher number of sterile spikelets per spike. No significant effect of seeding rate on grain yield was determined while the fungicide treatment had a significant effect on grain yield only in the warmer year 2008/2009.

Response of BAR-Transformed Rice (Oryza sativa) and Red Rice (Oryza sativa) to Glufosinate Application Timing

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Sankula ◽  
Michael P. Braverman ◽  
Steven D. Linscombe
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Bar Gene ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Boot Stage

Glufosinate at 2.2 kg ai/ha injured rice transformed with the BAR gene more when applied to one- to two-leaf (23 to 26%) than to three- to four-leaf (13 to 19%) plants. Visible injury was least when applications were made at boot stage (3 to 14%). However, applications at boot stage caused an average grain yield reduction of 16%. Most treatments did not influence rice plant height. Among single applications (0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.1 kg/ha), 1.1 kg/ha glufosinate at three- to four-leaf stage of red rice resulted in greater control (91%) than at panicle initiation (74%) or at boot stage (77%). Injury to red rice was two to 11 times greater than the injury to BAR-transformed rice depending on glufosinate rate and application timing.

Weed Control Programs in Drill-Seeded Imidazolinone-Resistant Rice (Oryza sativa)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 956-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Eric P. Webster ◽  
Kristie J. Pellerin ◽  
David C. Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

A study was conducted to evaluate weed control with imazethapyr applied at different timings or a combination of timings with or without an early POST application of bensulfuron, bentazon plus aciflurofen, bispyribac, carfentrazone, halosulfuron, propanil plus molinate, or triclopyr in drill-seeded imidazolinone-resistant rice. Control of barnyardgrass, red rice, and alligatorweed was insufficient with imazethapyr at 87 g/ha PRE or at 53 g/ha late POST alone. Imazethapyr at 87 g/ha PRE followed by imazethapyr at 53 g/ha late POST controlled red rice 86% or greater but did not control hemp sesbania. The imazethapyr PRE followed by late POST combination was also weak on barnyardgrass and alligatorweed early in the season. The addition of an early POST application of the other herbicides to the imazethapyr combination improved overall weed control, especially hemp sesbania control. Among the early POST herbicides, bispyribac, carfentrazone, or propanil plus molinate were more effective in helping improve the overall weed control, resulting in better rice grain yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Sowing Time and Growing Density on Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield, and Grain Quality of Waxy Sorghum Cultivar Hongliangfeng 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Can Wang ◽  
Lingbo Zhou ◽  
Guobing Zhang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Xu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sowing time and growing density on the yield and quality of grain in waxy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). The main plots were two sowing time: early sowing (5 April) and late sowing (20 April), and the subplots were three growing densities: 0.8 × 105, 1.1 × 105, and 1.4 × 105 plants/ha. Results showed that sowing time and growing density had significant effects on grain yield and grain quality of waxy sorghum cultivar Hongliangfeng 1. Grain yield, plant height, spike length, culm diameter, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein content, starch content, and amylopectin content were reduced by a delay of sowing time, while the tannin content and amylose content were increased by a delay of sowing time. Grain yield, plant height, spike length, culm diameter, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein content, starch content, and amylopectin content increased and then decreased with the increase of growing density, while the tannin content and amylose content decreased and then increased with the increase of growing density. These results hinted that appropriate sowing time and growing density are key cultivation measures to ensure high yield and good quality in waxy sorghum production.

scholarly journals Effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on yield and yield components of spring wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Data from two experiments was analysed in order to determine the effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on the yield of spring wheat. In the first experiment the cultivar Hankkija’s Taava was artificially inoculated with low spore concentration suspensions of S. nodorum. The resulting disease reduced grain yield by 10%, 1000-grain weight by 14%, and hectorlitre weight by 5.7 %. An examination of the ears from the main stems revealed that the pathogen induced a reduction in all yield components but especially in grain number/ear and grain weight. In the second experiment a total of 28 cultivars or lines were studied and the correlation between grain yield/ear and disease severity was found to be negative but low. No consistent trend among the correlations was seen and some susceptible cultivars suffered only slightly from the disease while other fairly resistant cultivars showed great losses. The results are discussed in relation to compensatory mechanisms and potential disease tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF TILLERING IN WHEAT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH GRAIN YIELD 2. CONTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES OF THE MAIN STEM AND PRIMARY TILLERS IN THE NUMBER OF SPIKELET AND GRAIN NUMBER AND WEIGHT OF 1000 GRAINS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood & Al- Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A Factorial experiment were conducted at the experimental  farm of Field Crop College of Agriculture University of Baghdad Jadiria the winter Season of 2014-2015. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen levels on Regulation of tillering in wheat and  its relationship with grain yield and it's components. Treatments were distributed in Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Black Design (RCBD) with three replicates and with four seeding  rates (60,80,100 and 120 kg.ha-1) and fertilized with four nitrogen levels (50,100,150 and 200 kgN.ha-1). The results showed that there were significant differences between two factors of study and their interaction on the number of spiklet, grain number and 1000 grain weight during the growing season. Main stem produced the highest average of spiklet number 19.23 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 46.82 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 41.739 compared to other primary tillers (tiller1,tiller2,tiller3). Concerning the seeding rate 60 kg.ha-1 resulted in the highest average of spiklet number 16.24 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 32.95 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 27.52 compared to other seed rates. The N level 100 kg.ha-1 gave the highest average of spiklet number 16.49 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 32.95 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 27.52 compared to other N levels. The Main Stem and Primary Tillers contribution Differed in the Number of Spiklet, Grain Number and 1000 grain weight between the factors of study, where the percentage contribution of main stem 31.65, 38.26 and 37.28 % respectively compared to the tillers (tiller1, tiller2, tiller3) which amounted to 27.43, 24.79 and 16.14 % respectively in the spiklets number, 28.00, 23.36 and 10.38 % respectively in grains number and 31.80, 20.37 and 10.56 % respectively in 1000 grain weight. We conclude that the total contribution of the primary tillers percentages in the Number of Spiklet, Grain Number and 1000 grain weight Exceeds the contribution of main stem an increase of 53.69 and 38.03 and 40.56 % respectively within two factors of study.

scholarly journals Down-expression of TaPIN1s Increases the Tiller Number and Grain Yield in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Quan Yao ◽  
Xiao Hui Li ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Yu Ning Song ◽  
Zhong Qing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

Abstract Background Tiller number is a factor determining panicle number and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Auxin plays an important role in the regulation of branch production. PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1), an auxin efflux carrier, plays a role in the regulation of tiller number in rice (Oryza sativa); however, little is known on the roles of PIN1 in wheat. Results Nine homologs of TaPIN1 genes were identified in wheat, of which TaPIN1-6 genes showed higher expression in the stem apex and young leaf in wheat, and the TaPIN1-6a protein was localized in the plasma membrane. The down-expression of TaPIN1s increased the tiller number in TaPIN1-RNA interference (TaPIN1-RNAi) transgenic wheat plants, indicating that auxin might mediate the axillary bud production. By contrast, the spikelet number, grain number per panicle, and the 1000-grain weight were decreased in the TaPIN1-RNAi transgenic wheat plants compared with those in the wild type. In summary, a reduction of TaPIN1s expression increased the tiller number and grain yield per plant of wheat. Conclusions Phylogenetic analysis and protein structure of nine TaPIN1 proteins were analyzed, and subcellular localization of TaPIN1-6a was located in the plasma membrane. Knock-down expression of TaPIN1 genes increased the tiller number of transgenic wheat lines. Our study suggests that TaPIN1s is required for the regulation of grain yield in wheat.

Effects of defoliation on dryland wheat production in central Queensland

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Asghar ◽  
BF Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
The One ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The effect of insect defoliation on grain yield, nitrogen (N) content, and gross value of dryland wheat was simulated by removing blades from the flag leaf, top 2 leaves (flag leaf plus the one below it), and all leaves, 100 days after planting the crop. When blades were removed from the top 2 leaves and all leaves, respectively, significant (P<0.05) reductions of 13.5 and 17.3% in grain yield, 9.2 and 11.9% in head weight, and 7.6 and 13.2% in 1000-grain weight were recorded. Defoliation did not significantly decrease grain number/m2. When blades were removed from the flag leaf, top 2 leaves, and all leaves, respectively, significant (P<0.05) reductions of 9.5, 17.3, and 14.0% in grain N concentration, and 14.2, 28.4, and 28.8% in grain N yield (g/m2), occurred. Gross values of the yields from different treatments were ranked (differences at P = 0.05) control > flag leaf blade removed > top 2 leaves removed = all leaves removed.

Integration of Molinate use with Water Management for Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Water-seeded Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Baker ◽  
Earl A. Sonnier ◽  
James W. Shrefler
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Excellent Tool

Integration of preplant-incorporated molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) at 4.5 kg ai/ha and a brief postseeding drainage period in water-seeded rice (Oryza sativaL.) gave the best red rice (Oryza sativaL. # ORYSA) control without a significant reduction in cultivar stand density. This combination of practices provided higher cultivar grain yield and lower red rice grain yield than any water management practice alone. Continuous-flood water management provided a substantial reduction in red rice stand density, but it also caused a significant reduction in the cultivar stand density. Under the reduced stand density conditions, the red rice was very competitive and yielded more than the cultivar. Although brief drainage alone gave a significantly lower level of red rice control, it had no significant effect on the cultivar stand density, and the red rice and cultivar yields were not significantly different from the continuous-flood yields. Prolonged drainage had the highest red rice and cultivar stand densities and the highest red rice grain yield, but the cultivar yield was not significantly different from the other plots that were not treated with herbicide. Although this treatment gave the highest total grain yield, its composition had the highest percentage of red rice. Puddling the seedbed did not alter the stands or yields of red rice or cultivar compared to the nonpuddled plots with the same water management and herbicide rate. The application of molinate as a preplant-incorporated treatment or as a preplant postflood treatment before or after puddling gave results that were not significantly different from each other. The superior performance of preplant application of molinate in water-seeded rice in conjunction with a brief postseeding drainage period provides an excellent tool for red rice suppresion.

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