Grazing management studies with Australian cashmere goats. 4. Cobalt supplementation and intestinal parasite burdens in sheep and goats in south-eastern Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
BW Norton ◽  
JM Cavaye ◽  
JW Hales
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Cashmere Goats

A flock of 32 weaner wether sheep (Border Leicester x Merino) and 32 weaner male goats (Australian cashmere) were grazed (37 animals/ha) on a common pasture of N-fertilised pangola grass from early March until June. One half of each group (16 animals) was supplemented with cobalt, and one half of each of these groups (8 animals) was dosed with approximately 500 infective helminth larvae at 2-week intervals throughout the trial. The final treatment was a drenching regime for one half (4 animals) of each of the above groups, levamisole (Nilverm) at 0, 2, 4 and 7 weeks and rafoxanide (Ranide) at 2-week intervals thereafter. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of either cobalt supplementation or dosing with larvae on liveweight change, parasite egg concentrations in faeces or daily parasite egg excretion. Sheep gained significantly (P<0.05) more weight (50 g/day) than goats (31 g/day) in the first 7 weeks, and sheep also responded significantly (P<0.05) to drenching in this period whilst goats did not. In the second 8 week period, goats and sheep lost weight at a similar rate (-11 g/day), and both sheep and goats responded significantly (P<0.05) to drenching. The drenching program significantly (P<0.05) decreased faecal egg counts in sheep but not in goats. Undrenched sheep generally had higher concentrations of eggs in faeces than did undrenched goats, and with the exception of 1 sampling period, sheep also excreted significantly (P<0.05) more faecal eggs daily than goats. Undrenched sheep had significantly (P<0.05) lower haemoglobin concentrations in blood (82 gL) than drenched sheep (97 g/L). Undrenched goats also had lower blood haemoglobin concentrations (88 g/L) than did drenched goats (92 g/L). Cobalt supplementation did not exacerbate intestinal parasite burdens in either sheep or goats, and whilst goats did not appear to be more susceptible to intestinal parasites than sheep, the drenching strategies used for sheep were not effective in these goats.

Grazing management studies with Australian cashmere goats. 2. Effect of stocking rate on the liveweight gain of sheep and goats grazing an oats-rye grass pasture

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
BW Norton ◽  
FT O'Grady ◽  
JW Hales
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Cell Volumes

Australian cashmere goats and Border Leicester x Merino sheep grazing an oats-rye grass pasture were used to study the effects of stocking rate (20, 40, 60 animals/ha) on growth, intestinal parasite burdens and haematology of the 2 species and on the persistence and productivity of the crop grazed. Goats and sheep were either grazed alone or together over a 12-week period to determine the interaction between the species. Liveweight gain decreased with both stocking rate and time on experiment. At the highest stocking rate all animals lost weight between weeks 9 and 12. During the first 9 weeks of grazing, sheep had significantly (P<0.05) higher liveweight gains than goats at all stocking rates; but the rate of decline in liveweight gain with increased stocking rate was similar in both species, whether they were grazed alone or together. Mean values for sheep were 161, 133 and 105 g/day, and for goats 101, 84 and 59 g/day at stocking rates of 20, 40 and 60 animals/ha. Under the same drenching regime, goats were more severely infested by intestinal parasites than sheep as indicated by significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations of parasite eggs in faeces and lower packed cell volumes and haemoglobin concentrations in blood. Oats was the major contributor to green feed available at all stocking rates, although rye grass yields increased in the later stages of the trial, particularly in high stocking rate paddocks. At the end of the trial, high yields of oat stem remained in the paddocks grazed by goats and goats plus sheep, suggesting that sheep grazed both leaf and stem but goats selectively grazed oat leaf. The availability of green leaf (oat + rye grass) per animal was closely related to liveweight gain in any period, although these relationships were different for sheep and goats.

INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTION IN HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 2013-2014 BY DIRECT EXAMINATION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS

2016 ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nu Phuong Anh Ton ◽  
Thi Minh Chau Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Life Condition ◽  
Parasite Infections

Introduction: Intestinalparasite infections still are very common in tropical country such as Vietnam. Therefore evaluation of the prevalence of them should be done. Materials and methods: A crosssectional descriptivestudy were carried out to use the wet mount direct examination, Kato and ELISA technique for evaluation the rate of intestinal parasite infections, interviewed them to reveal their life’s hygenic condition, knowledge and risk behaviour of intestinal parasite infections in 640 patients attending to the in Hue University of hospital. Result: The rate of soiltransmitted intestinal helminth were lower than the foodborne infection of cestode and trematode such as: Taenia solium/saginata 3.64%, Clonorchis sinensis 2.73%. The rate of positive antibody of rare intestinal parasite were Fasciola gigantica 40.68%, E. histolytica/dispar 43.75%, Toxocara canis 32.43%, Gnasthostoma spinigerum 37.5%, Taenia solium 51.43%, Strongyloidesstercoralis 16.67%. Most of people has hygenic life condition with hygenic water available. The popular knowledge of intestinal parasite diseases of transmission, pathology, prevention and treatment were concentrate on oiltransmittedintestinal helminth.There were high rate of platyhelminths infectious behaviourssuch as: eating raw water plant 75.6%, eating raw beef 80.6%, eating raw pork 72.2%, eating raw fish 11.8%, bare foot 34.2%. Conclusions: The result of our study showed that the higher rate of foodborne cestode and trematode than soiltransmittedhelminth correspond tothe hygenic life condition, the knowledge of the diseases and risk behavior of intestinal parasites infection. Key words: Helminth, cestode, trematode

scholarly journals INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464-1468
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Ansari ◽  
Jawed Akhtar Samo ◽  
Mohammad Aslam Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Parasite Infections

Background: Worldwide, intestinal parasitic infections are major causeof human mortality and morbidity especially among developing countries wherein publichealth standards are not much better like developed countries. Intestinal parasiticinfections are linked with poor sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, inadequate dietaryand cultural habits and climate conditions. Objective: To assess the frequency, riskfactors and clinical manifestations related to intestinal parasite infections in patients withgastrointestinal disorders. Study Design: Cross-sectional multi-centre study. Setting:Department of Medicines, Chandka Medical College Larkana and Civil Hospital, KhairpurMirs. Period: 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. Method: 260 patients, the patientswith gastrointestinal disorders presenting one or more symptoms (e.g. diarrhea, dysentery,abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, cramping and constipation) were included.Results: Frequency of intestinal parasites was 32.3%. The most common parasites wereEntamoeba histolytica (10.4%), Giardia lamblia (8.5%) and Hymenolepis nana (6.9%). Age,education, monthly income and contact with animal were significantly associated withintestinal parasite infections. Concerning symptoms, the presence of intestinal parasitesinfection was significantly associated with diarrhea and dysentery. Conclusion: Studyconcluded that most prevalent parasites were Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lambliaand Hymenolepis nana. Significant association was found in age, education and monthlyincome.

scholarly journals Coinfection of Toxoplasma Gondii and Intestinal Parasites among Elderly Immunocompromised Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi ◽  
Behnaz Rahmati
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Therapy

Introduction: Patients with cancer and hemodialysis are prone to opportunistic infections. The present research aims to examine the frequency of Toxoplasmosis and intestinal parasites in these patients. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, seventy stool and blood samples from immunocompromised patients (46 hemodialysis and 24 cancer patients) from Guilan Province were collected in 2017-2018. Different tests including direct smear examination and formalin-ether was conducted for the intestinal protozoan parasites. To detect coccidian parasites (e.g. Cryptosporidium spp.) Ziehl Neelsen staining was applied. The anti T.gondii antibodies were detected via ELISA method. Results: Totally 6.52% and 4.16% cases of hemodialysis and cancer patients were positive for intestinal parasite infection respectively. Blastocystis hominis was only intestinal parasite that were detected in these patients. IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibody detected in 35 (76.8%) hemodialysis and 15 (62.5%) cancer patients. IgM antibody were found in 1 elderly hemodialysis patient. Mix infection (Toxoplasmosis and Blastocystis) was observed in 6.52% and 4.16% in hemodialysis and cancer patients respectively. Conclusion: It is recommended to evaluate these patients for intestinal parasitic infections during hemodialysis or chemotherapy sessions. Data showed the high percentage of elderly patients were susceptible to reactivation of chronic Toxoplasmosis. Therefore, in order to refer them for early therapy or other interventions, it is important that elderly hemodialysis and cancer patients with toxoplasma infection be diagnosed and identified.  

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infection by HIV infection status among asymptomatic adults in rural Gabon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1024-1034
Author(s):  
Jeanne Vanessa Koumba Lengongo ◽  
Bedrich Pongui Ngondza ◽  
Bridy Moutombi Ditombi ◽  
Noé Patrick M’Bondoukwé ◽  
Jacques Mari Ndong Ngomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Intestinal Parasite Infection ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Intestinal parasites infections are endemic in Gabon. Nevertheless, they are rarely described in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Objective: The frequency of intestinal parasite infection was estimated and compared between HIV-positive and HIV un- infected individuals in Gabon; factors associated with intestinal parasites were also analysed. Material and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design sociodemographic data, life style habits, antiretroviral therapy, cotrimoxazole use and CD4 cell count were recorded.. Stool samples from participants living in Koulamoutou and Oyem were analysed using microscopy. Chi-squared or fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression were performed. Results: Among participants (n=332), female gender was predominant (73.7%; n=135/183) and the median age was 45 [33-57] years old. Among 183 samples, 53.6% (n = 98/183) were infected by intestinal parasites. The proportion was higher (72.1%) in HIV negative participants compared to PLHIV (42.6%) (p <0.01). PLHIV were more frequently poly-infected. Infection was frequent in patients using external toilets and tap water (>70.0%). Conclusion: Prevalence of intestinal parasites is higher in seronegative participants but polyparasitism is more frequent in PLHIV. Strategies are focused on HIV negative population, but this study shows the importance of sensitization for PLHIV to improve their quality of life. Keywords: Intestinal parasites; Human immunodeficiency virus; cotrimoxazole; CD4 cell; Gabon.

scholarly journals Grazing Management Influences Gut Microbial Diversity of Livestock in the Same Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4160
Author(s):  
Pengfei Song ◽  
Wen Qin ◽  
YanGan Huang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Zhenyuan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Growth

The composition of gut microbiota is closely related to health and nutrition of livestock. Research on the interaction between gut microbiota in livestock and grazing management strategies is unfortunately sparse. By studying the compositions of gut microbiota in sheep and goats in a single, mixed grazing population under the control of herdsman, as well as those of free-range camels in the same area of Qaidam Basin, we found that the composition of gut microbiota between sheep and goats showed no significant difference. However, there were significant differences between mixed group and camels at α- and β-diversities. We speculate that grazing management can shape gut microbial diversity indirectly. Mixed grazing under the control of herdsman lead to similarities in the diversity of gut microbiota among different species and limit their diversities of gut microbiota, which is not conducive to healthy growth of the host. On the contrary, free-range grazing is better for the diversity of gut microbiota. In order to sustainably manage populations of livestock, gut microbiota analysis may prove to be an important indicator for evaluating the merits of different grazing management strategies. Our results lay a foundation to improve the health of livestock and grazing management.

scholarly journals The point prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in calves, sheep and goats in Magadi division, south-western Keny

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Maichomo ◽  
J.M. Kagira ◽  
T. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Internal Parasite ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Mcmaster Method ◽  
Semi Arid

Helminths cause great economic loss in livestock in Africa, and can be categorized as either direct or indirect losses. Arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) in Kenya comprise 71 % of total land area and harbour the largest population of cattle, sheep and goats. However, little information on the distribution and impact of gastro-intestinal (GIT) parasitism in these animals is available. This survey was conducted to establish the prevalence of GIT parasites infecting calves, sheep and goats and their relative importance in Magadi division, which is semi-arid. Faecal samples were obtained directly from the rectum of 109 calves, 133 goats and 20 sheep and submitted to the laboratory for faecal worm egg counts, and coccidial oocysts examination using a modified McMaster method. The significance of differences in mean egg count per gram (epg) between animal species and herds (farms) were assessed using analysis of variance. The overall prevalence of nematodes in the calves, sheep and goats was 69.2 %, 80 % and 82 %, respectively. About 10 % of sheep and goats had epgs higher than 1 000, the remainder having light to moderate infections. The overall prevalence of coccidial oocysts in calves, sheep and goats was 30 %, 44 % and 45 %, respectively. Poor productivity in ASAL areas, where nutrition is often poor, is likely to be pronounced in the presence of parasite infections. These findings indicate that viable internal parasite control should be implemented in the study area in order to increase the productivity of the livestock there.

scholarly journals The Influence of Selected Gastrointestinal Parasites on Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Patrycja Kapczuk ◽  
Danuta Kosik-Bogacka ◽  
Patrycja Kupnicka ◽  
Emilia Metryka ◽  
Donata Simińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway

Studies on the parasite–host interaction may provide valuable information concerning the modulation of molecular mechanisms as well as of the host immune system during infection. To date, it has been demonstrated that intestinal parasites may affect, among others, the processes of digestion in the gastrointestinal system of the host, thus limiting the elimination of the parasite, the immune response as well as inflammation. However, the most recent studies suggest that intestinal parasites may also affect modulation of the apoptosis pathway of the host. The present paper presents the latest scientific information on the influence of intestinal parasite species (Blastocystis sp., Giardia sp., Cryptosporidium sp., Trichuris sp., Entamoeba histolytica, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus) on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. This paper stresses that the interdependency between the intestinal parasite and the host results from the direct effect of the parasite and the host’s defense reactions, which lead to modulation of the apoptosis pathways (intrinsic and extrinsic). Moreover, the present paper presents the role of proteins involved in the mechanisms of apoptosis as well as the physiological role of apoptosis in the host’s intestinal epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Occurrence of intestinal parasites in sewage samples and efficiency of wastewater treatment systems in Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sabbahi ◽  
M. Trad ◽  
L. Ben Ayed ◽  
N. Marzougui
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
One Year ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract The present study aimed to: (i) identify helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in wastewater samples to which both human and animals could be exposed when they are reused in agriculture; and (ii) evaluate the efficiency of their removal by two wastewater treatment systems (activated sludge and lagoon). For these purposes, 234 wastewater samples (117 raw, 117 treated) were collected from 20 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Tunisia over a one-year sampling period. Parasitic load was enumerated by the modified Bailenger method. The results showed that helminth eggs found were Nematodes mainly represented by Ascaris sp. (95%), Hookworm species (50%), and Enterobius vermicularis (45%). For Cestodes, species identified were Taeniid eggs (85%), Hymenolepis nana (70%), Hymenolepis diminuta (55%) and digestive Strongyles. Among protozoa, Giardia sp., Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii and Entamoeba coli cysts were found in 100% of raw wastewater samples. The overall removal efficiency of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in the treatment plants ranged from 56.5 to 100% and from 50.4 to 95.5%, respectively. The result from Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) shows that the close clustering of the parasitic mean removal levels indicates that there is little difference in wastewater treatment processes between the WWTPs examined.

How Solid waste enhances Intestinal Parasite transmission on Residents close to dumpsites, Aba Municipal, Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N.C Amadi ◽  
B.C Chukwuemeka ◽  
P.I Obeten ◽  
Q.O Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Health Education Programme

The management of solid waste continues to be a major challenge in urban areas. This study Ogbor-Hill solid waste dumpsite,Aba Nigeria. Formal-ether concentration technique was used to detect the presence of intestinal parasites among theresidents. Refuge sludge was examined using the Baermann funnel method and questionnaire was administered to collectdata from the residents on socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 423 faecal samples were examined and 164(38.8%)persons were infected. A total of 576 parasitic eggs/cyst/trophozoites were recovered from the dumpsite. The parasite foundamong the residents were Hookworm (12.1%), Entamoeba histolytica (10.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (9.0%), Trichuristrichiura (5.0%) and Taenia saginata (2.1%). Of the five species of parasites found, the eggs of Hookworm species werehighest (34.5%) followed by A. lumbricoides (23.5%), E. histolytica (20.2%), T. trichiura (12.1%) and T. saginata was least(9.7%). Females (48.8%) were more infected than males (34.5%) but was not significant (p = 0.070225). Age group 21–30years recorded the highest (58.3%) infection followed by age group 11–20 years (54.4%) while 51 years and above were theleast (3.7%). There was no significant relationship in the age group (Pp>0.05). Those that reside closer to the dumpsite werefound to be more (54.1%) infected than those whose distance is farther (31.8%). The overall intensity of parasitic infectionshowed a positive correlation (R = 0.161). Solid waste not properly managed has been known to have a negative impact onhealth, environment and aesthetic values. A well planned waste management and health education programme for residentsliving around the dumpsite will go a long way in reducing the potential of epidemic risks posed by dumpsites in Abamunicipal. Keywords: Intestinal parasite, Solid waste dumpsite, Ogbor Hill, Aba

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