Field evaluation of tissue-cultured bananas in south-eastern Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Drew ◽  
MK Smith
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Conventional Material ◽  
Banana Cultivar ◽  
Plant Crop

Field performance is described for tissue cultured plants and conventional propagules of planting material of banana cultivar 'New Guinea Cavendish' (Musa sp., AAA group, Cavendish subgroup). Tissuecultured plants were produced by either regeneration of plants from callus culture or by micropropagation of plants following the release of dormant buds at the leaf axils of explants. The conventional material consisted of suckers and 'bits' (lateral buds and associated corm material). Tissue-cultured plants established more quickly, were taller, and had a shorter time to bunch emergence and harvest of plant crop than conventional planting material. They had significantly (P<0.05) higher yields in terms of bunch weight, which was a function of greater numbers of fingers and hands. These advantages did not extend to the ratoon crop. Sucker production on tissue-cultured plants was significantly (P<0.01) higher up to 8 months after planting, equal to conventional material from 8 months to harvest, and then significantly lower. Twenty-two per cent of the plants derived from callus were off-types compared with 3% in the line produced by axillary bud proliferation. No off-types were observed in conventional planting material.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of herbicides to control itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata) in sugarcane

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Antonio Vélez-Ramos ◽  
Nelson Semidey
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Plant Crop

Registered herbicides for use in sugarcane, ametryn, diuron, asulam, hexazinone, metribuzin, non-registered terbutryn, pendimethalin, and imazapyr were evaluated to control itchgrass (Roftboellia exaltata) in sugarcane in field experiments at the Lajas Substation with plant and ratoon crops. Imazapyr, together with pendimethalin, terbutryn and ametryn, provided good itchgrass control in the plant crop, comparable to the hand weeded treatment. In the ratoon crop most herbicides used showed good control, though the Roftboellia population before herbicide application was much lower than for the plant crop. Imazapyr caused chlorosis in sugarcane shoots; chlorosis was more severe in the ratoon crop. These herbicides at the recommended rates of 0.28, 1.78, 2.69 and 4.49 kg/ha, respectively, produced sugar yields ranging from 14.92 to 17.02 tons/ha that were statistically not different from those of the hand weeded plots (17.59 tons/ ha) but significantly higher than those of the diuron, asulam and the unweeded check plots in the plant crop. The combined plant and ratoon crop for sugar production for pendimenthalin (1.78 kg/ha) was as good as for the hand weeded plots, but not statistically better than the rest of the herbicide treatments, except for hexazinone and imazapyr.

scholarly journals Effect of Lime and Soil Conditioners on Crop Yields and Soil Aggregation

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
J. A. Bonnet ◽  
R. Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Plant Crop

Data are presented here on the effect of synthetic soil conditioners on aggregation and aggregate stability of acid Lares clay and on their effect, with or without lime, on the yields of sweetpotatoes, cotton, and corn. Three conditioners were used: Formulations 6 and 9 of Krilium, and Aerotil, dry form, each at the rates of 900, 1,800, and 3,600 pounds to the acre. There were 20 treatments: Check, lime, conditioners at three levels, and conditioners at the same three levels plus lime. The data presented indicate that these conditioners will stabilize soil structural units, but will not form them. Five crops were grown as a sequence: Sweetpotatoes, cotton, cotton (a ratoon crop), sweetpotatoes, and corn. All crops, except the cotton ratoon, showed some response to the application of soil conditioners. Sweetpotato, a root crop, was more responsive; but the cotton plant crop responded also to stabilized good structural soil conditions. The largest crop responses measured were in the limed treatments. Increases attributable to lime were obtained either in the presence or absence of synthetic soil conditioners. Liming and rational fertilization seems to be the key to increased productivity in some acid soils of Puerto Rico. The synthetic materials do not have practical possibilities in large-scale farming.

Field evaluation of tissue-cultured papaw clones in Queensland

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Drew ◽  
JN Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Reduced Time

Field performance of tissue-cultured clones of papaws established either from adult tissue of a high-yielding female plant or from juvenile tissue of seedlings (2 females and 2 hermaphrodites) was compared with seedling controls. All tissue-cultured plants had strong root systems and established more quickly than seedlings. Plants from adult tissue (TCA) had a reduced juvenile phase, as evidenced by increased circumference, lower height of first flower, reduced time to harvest, and higher fruit numbers per metre of stem. Planting date affected node number of first flower for TCA plants but not seedlings. TCA plants had higher yields than seedlings when planted in spring, and this could lead to improved commercial practice. Differences between clones established from juvenile tissue and their respective seedling controls varied and were not consistent with a reduced juvenile phase. Four dwarf off-type plants (<1% of population) originated from a single bud explant.

Field Evaluation and Cost Effectiveness of Crack Sealing in Flexible and Composite Pavements

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (12) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momen Mousa ◽  
Mostafa A. Elseifi ◽  
Mohammad Bashar ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang ◽  
Kevin Gaspard
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Transverse Cracks ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Composite Pavements

One of the most common methods used to treat longitudinal and transverse cracks is crack sealing (CS), which is categorized as a preventive maintenance method. Field performance and cost-effectiveness of this treatment widely vary depending on pavement conditions and installation of the material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the field performance and cost-effectiveness of CS in flexible and composite pavements in hot and wet climates such as Louisiana, and to develop a model that would quantify the expected benefits of CS given project conditions. To achieve this objective, 28 control sections that were crack-sealed between 2003 and 2010 were monitored for at least four years. These sections included flexible and composite pavements, sealed and unsealed segments, and varying traffic levels. The performance of these sections was evaluated for the random cracking index (RCI) and roughness index (RI). Based on the results of this analysis, it was concluded that CS only has a significant impact on random cracking. When compared with untreated segments, CS extended pavement service life (PSL) by two years. When compared with the original pavement, CS extended PSL by 5.6 and 3.2 years for flexible and composite pavements, respectively, if applied at the correct time. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that CS is cost-effective whether asphalt emulsion or rubberized asphalt sealant is used. A non-linear regression model was developed to predict the extension in PSL because of CS without the need for performance data based on the average daily traffic (ADT), pavement type, and prior pavement conditions.

FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH LEAF SPOTS OF SUGAR CANE (Saccharum officinarum L)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
APPALA KONDA PANCHADARLA ◽  
A.Venkata Ramana Reddy ◽  
Katta Rama Chandra Reddy ◽  
V. Govardhana Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Linear Lesions ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Crop

Survey for fungi associated with leaf spots of sugarcane in Chittoor and Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh during 1986-87 revealed that 26 species of fungi belonging to 10 genera were found associated with leaf spots of sugarcane. The leaf spots found were minor ones and their incidence was meagre ranging from 1 to 3 per cent in both the districts. In common, the incidence was more in ratoon crop and also in the plant crop aged more than 6 months. The different types of minor leaf spots found on sugar­cane in the 2 districts of Chittoor and Nellore were des­cribed as : Spindle-shaped spots; dark brown linear blotches; reddish brown spindles; reddish brown lesions; Phyllachora leaf stripes; dark brown elongated lesions; dark purple streaks; dark purple midrib streaks; dark red linear lesions and dark red midribs. The morphology and taxonomy of the fungi isolated from the leaf spots were studied and the fungi were identified as belonging to 26 species classifiable into 10 genera

Effects of Flowering on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seshagiri Rao
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relation ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Photoperiod Control ◽  
Plant Crop

SUMMARYBy comparing flowered and non-flowered plants of the same age (where flowering was inhibited by photoperiod control), cane yield gains due to prevention of flowering were estimated to be 56·6% in a plant crop and 33·8% in a ratoon crop. Sugar gain due to prevention of flowering was 69·1% in the plant and 35·4% in the ratoon crop. A simple negative linear relation was found between cane (and sugar) yield per plant and the proportion of canes that flowered. There was no significant difference in fibre content of flowered and non-flowered canes. The influence of loss of growth, side-shoot production and pithiness on the yield of flowered canes are discussed.

Within-field damage and distribution patterns of the stalk borer, Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in sugarcane and a comparison with nematode damage

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Berry ◽  
G.W. Leslie ◽  
V.W. Spaull ◽  
P. Cadet
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Eldana Saccharina ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Plant Crop

AbstractThe occurrence of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was monitored in grids represented by plots in 12 nematicide trials in South African sugarcane fields. The trials encompassed a total of eight plant cane crops and 22 ratoon crops and were situated within commercial cane fields. Several measurements were made to characterize the damage caused by E. saccharina. These included the number of internodes per stalk, the percentage of internodes damaged and the percentage of stalks damaged. The mapping of E. saccharina infestation in plant crops of sugarcane showed that the borders of the trials were as infested as the centre, indicating invasion from outside the field plus internal spread within the field. Ratoon crops were less infested than plant crops. This could be explained by a shorter ratoon crop cycle and by the fields having areas that were more suitable for the borer than elsewhere. The location of these preferred areas could be predicted from one ratoon crop to the next but was not related to the distribution of the borer in the plant crop. This situation was thought to explain the apparent stabilization of E. saccharina infestation in ratoon cane. Because the borer was found at harvest only in stalks with more than 14 to 16 internodes, it appeared that the oldest shoots, or the shoots with the greatest growth potential, attracted the insect, possibly due to their higher nitrogen content, which would stimulate growth. All the trials were on sandy soil, and crop loss from nematodes was greater than that caused by E. saccharina.

Operating Experience of the First Solar® Taurus 70S Mechanical Drive Installation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James Hoshizaki
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

In October 1995, NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) commissioned the first mechanical drive application of Solar Turbines’ Taurus™ 70S gas turbine. The unit was installed as a part of a turbine/compressor package at a compressor station on NGTL’s natural gas pipeline system. As this first installation was a part of a development test program by Solar Turbines, field evaluation was conducted subsequent to the original commissioning and related testing. This paper presents NGTL’s experiences in commissioning, startup and operation. Field performance test results for the gas turbine are presented and focus on output power, thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions. Some of the findings and observations from the field evaluation tests performed by Solar are also discussed. In addition, a description of the facility in which the turbine/compressor package is installed is provided.

Effects of nitrogen applied through new carriers on yield and quality of sugarcane

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Yadav ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
R. S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Neem Cake Coated Urea ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Plant Crop

SUMMARYIn a field experiment at Lucknow in 1985/87 and 1986/88, the ‘new’ N carriers urea super granules (USG), neem-cake-coated urea (NCU) and dicyandiamide-treated urea (DCD) and the traditional source of N, prilled urea (PU), were used to supply 150 kgN/ha to the plant crop (first crop after planting) of the cultivar Col 148. The ratoon crop was fertilized at 0 and 150 kgN/ha with PU over all the plant crop treatments. In both plant and ratoon crops, N application increased cane yields but decreased quality: differences in yield resulting from use of the new carriers were not significant, though the fertilizers tended to increase the final plant population density. Uptake and recovery of N were significantly greater using USG, NCU and DCD than using PU. The direct effect of N was 184 kg cane/kg of N applied to the ratoon crop but residual and cumulative effects of N applied to the plant crop on yield and quality of the ratoon crop were small. Adequate direct application of N is therefore suggested for increasing the yields of ratoon cane.

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