Effect of closing date and harvest date on yield and quality of a perennial ryegrass-white clover sward in spring

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Belton ◽  
PJ Michell ◽  
WJ Fulkerson
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Closing Date ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
End Use

Ninety-six plots (each 3 by 2 m) of perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture were randomly allocated within 4 replicate blocks to each of 3 closing date x 8 harvest date treatments to determine the effect of closing date on yield and quality of herbage produced over spring. Closing dates were 19 August (CLD 1), 9 September (CLD 2) and 30 September (CLD 3). Harvest dates were at weekly intervals from 14 October to 2 December. The increase in dry matter (DM) with time from closing was best described by a straight line relationship with DM yield increasing by an average of 104 kg/ha.day for the earlier closing dates and a quadratic relationship for CLD 3, reaching 7026,5732 and 4287 kg DM/ha on 2 December for CLD 1,2 and 3 respectively. From an initial digestibility of 74.2, 77.1 and 78.8% on 14 October, for CLD 1, CLD 2 and CLD 3 respectively, herbage quality dropped rapidly over the harvest period by about 2.8% per week and was below 65% by 11 November for the earlier closed treatments and 1 week later for the 30 September closing. DM yield was also maximised by late harvest (late November), which allowed pasture to grow uninterrupted through the reproductive phase. Early harvest (mid October) was necessary to maximise herbage digestibility because of the rapid decline in herbage quality in spring. Therefore, optimum harvest date depended on compromising either quality or yield of pasture, which illustrates the need to consider the 'end use' of conserved fodder when selecting harvest date.

Effect of surface applied glycine betaine on herbage production and quality of perennial ryegrass - white clover pastures

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lee ◽  
K. Elborough ◽  
W. D. Catto ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
J. R. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Osmoprotectants have been reported to reduce the detrimental effects of various environmental stresses in many different plant species. However, there is little research available concerning pasture species. Two experiments were undertaken with the aim of quantifying the effect of surface applications of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) on herbage production and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures during periods of moisture stress and cold temperatures over 2 years. Pastures fertilised with GB were compared with unfertilised pastures and pastures fertilised with nitrogen (N). Rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg GB/ha.defoliation were applied in experiment 1 and 5 kg GB/ha.defoliation was applied in experiment 2. Surface applications of GB did not significantly affect herbage production relative to unfertilised pastures; herbage yields averaged 12 248 and 12 693 kg DM/ha over 11 months in experiment 1, and 7253 and 7177 kg DM/ha over 6 months during summer and autumn in experiment 2, for the unfertilised control and GB, respectively. During both experiments, herbage quality parameters were not affected by GB application, although the proportion of white clover in the sward between summer and winter during experiment 1 was greater (P < 0.01) in plots treated with GB than in untreated plots. Application of N fertiliser increased (P < 0.001) herbage production, but did not consistently affect herbage quality. The failure of surface applications of exogenous GB to improve the herbage production or quality of perennial ryegrass–white clover pastures suggests that it is not an appropriate method to enhance plant tolerance to environmental stress at the concentrations applied in these studies.

Effect of surface application of benzylaminopurine before and during water deficit on herbage production and quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
J. M. Lee ◽  
K. Elborough ◽  
D. Whittaker ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
J. R. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Insufficient water availability is one of the most serious environmental stresses for a plant and can be a major limitation to herbage production in many regions. Plant hormones, such as cytokinins, have been reported to reduce the detrimental effects of low water availability in many different plant species. However, there is little research available concerning the effect on pasture grasses. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of surface applications of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) before and during water deficit on herbage growth and quality of perennial ryegrass–white clover pastures. Pastures fertilised with BAP were compared with unfertilised pastures and pastures receiving nitrogen. Exogenous BAP application did not significantly affect herbage production or quality relative to unfertilised pastures. Nitrogen fertiliser increased total herbage production, but had little effect on herbage quality compared with BAP. The failure of surface applications of exogenous BAP to improve herbage production or quality suggests that it is not an appropriate method to enhance plant tolerance to water deficit at the concentration applied in this study.

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards:V. The effect of changes in the closeness of cutting at different times in the season on the yield and quality of herbage from a perennial rygrass-white clover sward

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cutting Management

1. The effects of changing the closeness of cutting at different times in the season on the yields and quality of herbage were studied for 3 years on a perennial ryegrass-white clover sward.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Harvest Dates on Yield and Quality of Wheat Cultivars Triticum Aestivum L

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012082
Author(s):  
Asmaa Sahib Abd Al-Abbas Al-husnawy ◽  
shaimaa Ibraheem Al-refai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Harvest Dates

Abstract Afield experiment was conducted at the Research station of the college of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna, in the Northeast of Al-Muthanna Governorate (9 km from center of the city of Samawa), in the seasons (2018-2019) and (2019-2020), to study the effect of four harvest dates and four varieties of wheat on yield and quality characteristics, The experiment was applied according to split-plots design Using the R.C.B.D with three replications, The results of the analysis showed the Significant effect of harvest dates on all studied traits, as the date of the third harvest increased by giving the highest grain yield of 5.01 and 5.32 t h−1 for the two seasons respectively, while the fourth harvest date was superior by giving the highest percentage of dry gluten in the first season amounted to 11.66%. As for the effect of the cultivars, it was noticed that the Babel cultivar was superior in grain yield of 4.81 and 5.04 t ha−1, for the two seasons respectively, while the Bora cultivar gave the highest average weight of 1000 grains for the second season which amounted to 32.68 g, and the percentage of protein in the grains was 12.83% for the second season, and Ash was 1.90 and 1.85% for the two seasons sequentially, while the interaction of the fourth harvest date with Babel cultivar was superior by giving highest weight of 1000 grains in the first season amounted to 33.41 m, while the interaction of the first harvest date with Bora cultivar in the vital yield first season was 16.6 t h−1.

scholarly journals Pastures and forages for deer growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
A.M. Nicol ◽  
T.N. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Clover Pasture ◽  
Deer Grazing

Pasture is the primary feed source for NZ deer production with the greatest proportion grazed in situ. The quantity and quality of the pastures available to grazing deer varies markedly as a result of environmental factors and feed planning decisions by deer farmers. The grazing behaviour of deer responds to changes in pasture height and mass and the effect of pasture variables (height, pre -and post-grazing pasture mass and pasture allowance) on deer productivity are presented. These show that maximum levels of deer production from pasture will be achieved at a pasture height of around 8 cm (continuously stocked or post-grazing) although there is some evidence that for large genotypes, higher pasture availability is required. The relationship of liveweight gain of young deer with pasture availability shows marked seasonal effects. At the same level of pasture availability liveweight gain in spring is about twice that in winter, with autumn and summer intermediate. Increasing pasture availability cannot compensate for seasonal differences in liveweight gain. Furthermore, liveweight gain increases at a greater rate in spring than winter to increasing pasture availability, thus it is more important that appropriate pasture allowances are provided in spring than in winter. There is more variability in liveweight gain at a similar pasture availability in summer than in other seasons because of the greater variation in pasture quality in summer with the potential accumulation of seedheads and dead material. Alternative forage species are used in deer production for times of the year when quantity and quality of perennial ryegrass-based pastures limit productivity. Relative to weaner red deer grazed on perennial ryegrass/ white clover pasture, grazing on pure swards of red clover or chicory increased growth during autumn by 26-47% and during spring by 10-14%. The proportion of stags attaining target slaughter liveweight at 12 months of age increased from 75 to 94%. Pre-weaning growth during lactation was increased by approximately 20%. Red clover and chicory produce a greater proportion of their total DM during late summer and autumn than does perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture, and are therefore better aligned with deer feed requirements, particularly those of lactating hinds. Grazing on sulla in autumn and spring increased the growth of weaner deer by 33 and 10%, relative to pasture fed deer. Indoor studies showed that relative to perennial ryegrass, chicory was of higher organic matter digestibility, disintegrated more rapidly in the rumen with a low rumination time and had shorter mean retention time of material in the rumen. This explains differences in voluntary feed intake which were 56, 26 and 15% higher for deer grazing chicory than perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures during summer, autumn and spring respectively. Similar r esults have been found for the digestion of red clover versus perennial ryegrass by red deer. Plant density in stands of both chicory and red clover declines with time, with their lifetime under deer grazing being approximately 4 years. A mixture of both plants offers a food option as specialist forage for increasing deer growth and also fixing nitrogen. To ensure good persistence such forages should not be grazed in periods of prolonged wet weather. Best persistence is obtained when these are managed as specialist forages for increasing deer growth on a small area of the farm, (10- 20% total area), rather than being sown as a mixture with grasses over large areas of the farm. There is no specific comparison of deer production under different stocking systems and both continuous grazing and rotational grazing are used. Based on evidence and practices with other species, choice of stocking system has more to do with pasture/forage species, feed budgeting, pasture management and animal behaviour than with productivity. At high stocking densities (150 deer/ha), the grazing time of subordinate animals is reduced. Where possible, without inducing undue stress (e.g. at weaning), young deer should be grouped for grazing by liveweight. Deer production systems have a seasonal pattern of energy demand that does not match that of pasture growth in most NZ environments. This calls for manipulation of the feed demand by integration of livestock systems and/ or modification of the feed supply through conservation and supplementation. The most commonly used supplements are pasture and lucerne silage/baleage and grain. The quality (ME/kg DM) has a significant impact on the resulting liveweight gain.

Liquid manure as a grassland fertilizer:V. The response to mixtures of liquid manure (urine) and dung

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
A. D. Drysdale
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plot Experiment

1. A small-scale plot experiment was conducted at the Hannah Institute for the 3-year period 1963–65, to study the comparative effect of applications of various mixtures of dung and urine (slurry treatments) on the yield and quality of an established S23 ryegrass and S100 white clover sward.

Effect of harvest date on the yield and quality of the essential oil of peppermint

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Court ◽  
Robert Pocs ◽  
Robert C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A field experiment was conducted from 1989 to 1991 on a Fox loamy sand soil to study the effects of harvest date on selected agronomic, physical and chemical characteristics of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Plant biomass and essential oil yields increased throughout the season to a maximum in very late August to early September. Menthol, neomenthol, and menthyl acetate concentrations increased in the essential oil with plant development. The amount of menthone and isomenthone was highest in immature plants. The concentrations of menthofuran and pulegone in the essential oil corresponded to the amount of flower bloom in the peppermint. Changes during the season in the concentrations of piperitone, terpinene-4-ol, α-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, α-terpinene, α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-octanol, β-myrcene, Linalool, sabinene, caryophyllene and Germacrene-D were typically quite small. In general, these preliminary results indicate that peppermint can be grown successfully on the coarse-textured soils of Ontario. Key words: Mentha piperita L., peppermint, essential oil, essential oil composition, harvesting date

Yield and Quality of Subterranean and White Clover - Bermudagrass and Tall Fescue Associations

jpa ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Brink ◽  
T. E. Fairbrother
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Yield And Quality
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