The influence of breed and sex on saleable beef yield

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ball ◽  
ER Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Mean

Saleable beef yields from the carcasses of 38 Brahman crossbred bullocks, 42 Brahman crossbred females, 75 Hereford bullocks and 35 Hereford females were recorded in the boning room of an export abattoir. Regressions of saleable beef yield on 12th rib fat thickness and on rump P8 fat thickness were examined for breed and sex effects. Linear regression analysis showed that rump P8 fat thickness and 12th rib fat thickness predicted percentage yield of saleable beef with prediction errors at the mean (of the predictor variables) of 2.3 and 2.1 respectively. The inclusion of hot side weight with either fat thickness measurement in prediction equations did not significantly reduce the prediction errors. Either rump (P8) fat thickness or 12th rib fat thickness alone could be used to predict the weight of saleable beef, giving a prediction error of 12.4 kg, and the inclusion of hot side weight in these equations significantly reduced this error to 3.6 kg and 3.2 kg respectively. Quadratic analysis did not improve the accuracy of the prediction of percentage yield of saleable beef from either P8 alone or P8 plus hot side weight but it did reduce the prediction errors of saleable beef weight from P8 plus hot side weight to 3.5 kg. Regressions of percentage yield of saleable beef on 12th rib fat thickness did not vary significantly between Brahman crossbred bullocks and Brahman crossbred females, but they did between Hereford bullocks and Hereford females, and between each of the Hereford groups and the Brahmans. With increasing subcutaneous fat thickness Hereford females maintained a higher percentage of saleable beef than did the Hereford bullocks. Brahman crossbred cattle showed important yield advantages (1-3%) over Hereford cattle at all levels of fat thickness studied.

Prediction of the commercial yield of beef from carcasses destined for the Japanese market by using measurements from the carcass and non-carcass parts

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Johnson ◽  
B Ball
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Yield of saleable beef was predicted in 4 genotypes of bullocks (Hereford, Brahman, Brahman x Hereford and Simmental x Hereford). Simple and multiple regression equations were used to determine how well 4 fat thickness measurements (12th rib and rump measurements SC3 SC5 and SC7) individually, with or without the inclusion of hot side weight, foreshanks weight and short cut tongue weight predicted the yields of saleable beef. Each of the 4 fat thickness measurements (alone) predicted percentage yield of saleable beef with low r.s.d.'s at the means. The regression coefficients for the 4 fat thickness measuring sites were negative and significant in the Hereford, Brahman and Brahman x Hereford groups. In the Simmental x Hereford cattle, the regression coefficients for the rump sites (SC3, SC5 and SC7) were positive but significant only in SC5 which had the lowest r.s.d. (1.56%) of all sites. Twelfth rib fat thickness, with a common regression coefficient for all 4 genotypes (P<0.01) and an r.s.d. of 1.81%, was the next most useful fat thickness measurement. The addition of hot side weight improved the prediction of percentage saleable beef yield at the SC3 and SC5 sites, but not in the pure-bred Brahman bullocks. For populations that include British, European and Bos indicus cattle and their crosses, SC5 fat thickness (alone) was the best determinant of percentage yield of saleable beef. Neither quadratic analyses nor the addition of foreshanks weight or short-cut tongue weight to the fat thickness measurements improved the accuracy of linear regression in any of the 4 genotypes. The errors in prediction of percentage yield of saleable beef (0.28-0.67%) attributable to incorrect rump site location (of up to 4.0 cm) are unlikely to jeopardise the commercial value of yield of saleable beef predicted from measurements made on the rump. Whilst the Brahman and Brahman x Hereford cattle produced high-yielding carcasses for the Japanese chilled beef market and the Simmental x Hereford cattle, by judicious management could equal this yield, carcass yields of the Hereford cattle were about 4-5% lower at all levels of fat thickness. The ability of Hereford cattle to satisfy this market, economically, is seriously questioned.

Response to rest and exercise in the cold: effects of age and aerobic fitness

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Falk ◽  
O. Bar-Or ◽  
J. Smolander ◽  
G. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Thigh Temperature ◽  
Rest And Exercise

The aim of this study was to determine whether age-related differences in the response to cold exposure are due to aging per se or are caused by a reduced maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) often observed with aging. Three groups of men, 8 young adults (YA), 8 well-trained seniors (TS), and 11 untrained seniors (US), were tested on a cycle ergometer in thermoneutral (22 degrees C) and cold (5 degrees C) conditions during rest and then during exercise (approximately 50 W). In the thermoneutral conditions, 10 min of rest were followed by 10 min of exercise. After 60 min of rest, subjects entered the cold where 30 min of rest were followed by 30 min exercise. The subjects of the three groups had similar body surface area and subcutaneous fat thickness. It was found that rectal temperature (Tre) decreased during rest in the cold and continued to decrease at a higher rate during exercise in TS and US but not in YA. The mean skin temperature was similar in all the groups, except for the thigh temperature, which was lower in YA than in TS and US. Oxygen uptake (VO2) increased during cold, significantly more so at rest than during exercise. YA displayed the highest VO2 during the first 10 min of rest in the cold, whereas TS displayed the highest VO2 during exercise in the cold. Neither aging nor VO2max appeared to affect thermal comfort or cold sensation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Correlates of visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness in non-diabetic obese and morbidly obese patients

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozen Oz Gul ◽  
Murat Pekgoz ◽  
Sumeyye Gullulu ◽  
Soner Cander ◽  
Ahmet Tutuncu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

The Use of Ultrasonic Measurements on Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in Breeding of Japanese Shorthorn Cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka NAGAMINE ◽  
Takashi HAYASHI ◽  
Hiroshi SATO ◽  
Akira NISHIDA ◽  
Shigeki KOMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

Subcutaneous fat thickness at slaughter in castrated and non-castrated Santa Inês and Dorper lambs and its influence on meat and carcass quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 104694
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernandes Junior ◽  
Amanda de Freitas Pena ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natalia Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês

Abdominal Laser Lipolysis Using a Microprocessor-Controlled Robotic Arm with Non-Contact Heating and Cooling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fiala
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background A novel FDA-cleared device uses a 1064 nm laser to non-invasively induce apoptosis for lipolysis of subcutaneous abdominal fat while maintaining comfortable skin temperatures with a proprietary jet cooling system (eon ®, Dominion Aesthetic Technologies, Inc.; San Antonio, TX). A programmable articulated robotic arm moves the treatment head without any subject contact, maintaining an appropriate three-dimensional treatment path, compensating for patient movement. Objectives The goal of this prospective, single center, open-label study was to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of this device for reducing subcutaneous abdominal fat using an updated power delivery curve. Methods Male and female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I-VI (N=26) were treated. Four abdominal zones up to 150 cm 2 each, customized in size and location for body habitus were treated. Each zone underwent a single 20-minute treatment session. Follow-up visits occurred after 6 and 12 weeks. Using a standardized protocol, ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness, abdominal circumference, reported patient satisfaction and digital images were obtained. Results The mean treatment area was 378.5 cm 2. At Week 12, there was a 21.6% mean reduction in abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and a 4.1-cm (1.6-inch) mean reduction in abdominal circumference. Most subjects (84.6%) were satisfied or very satisfied with their results. The mean pain score was 2.5 on an 11-point ordinal scale. There were no non-responders. Only two adverse events were noted: mild transient erythema (n=1, 3.8%) and localized subcutaneous firmness (n=1, 3.8%) which resolved without intervention within 12 weeks. Conclusions This contact-free device is safe and effective for reducing subcutaneous abdominal fat and represents an improvement on the prior treatment protocol.

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