Yield and fruit quality responses of Ellendale mandarins to different nitrogen and potassium fertiliser rates

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
LS Lee ◽  
JC Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Colour Development

Three rates of nitrogen fertiliser (88, 176 and 352 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate) and 3 of potassium (0, 220 and 440 kg K ha-l as potassium sulfate) were applied to mature Ellendale mandarin trees, in the Central Burnett district, Qld. Optimum yield response occurred at the I76 kg N ha-1 nitrogen rate but potassium treatments did not significantly affect yield. Rind was thinner and fruit colour better at the lowest nitrogen and potassium rate. Whereas nitrogen produced no effect on internal fruit quality, the ratio of total soluble solids:acid was depressed by the highest potassium rate as a result of increased acid content. For Ellendale mandarins under Queensland conditions the lowest potassium treatment produced smaller fruit with thinner rind and earlier colour development. The results indicate that the optimum nitrogen fertiliser application rate is 160-180 kg N ha-1 and that potassium fertilisers can impair fruit quality.

scholarly journals Impact of the size of nitrogen fertiliser application rate on N2O flux

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Šima ◽  
L. Nozdrovický ◽  
K. Krištof ◽  
J. Krupička
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Oxide Flux

The application rate of a nitrogen fertiliser is one of the most important factors that affect the nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) flux. Calk ammonium nitrate with 27% nitrogen content was spread by a fertiliser spreader VICON RS-L connected with a tractor Zetor 16145 and incorporated into the soil by a power harrow P&ouml;ttinger Lion 301 six hours after spreading. Monitoring points were selected based on the size of application rate 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha and were measured 7, 14, 21 and 28&nbsp;days after fertiliser application and incorporation into the soil. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured by a photoacoustic field gas monitor INNOVA 1412 with a multipoint sampler INNOVA 1309. Based on the data obtained, there were found statistically significant differences among time intervals and among the size of the application rate at a 95.0% confidence level. Results have shown impacts of the size of fertiliser application rate and time interval after fertilisation on nitrous oxide flux. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Effects of nitrogen fertiliser and wheat straw application on CH4 and N2O emissions from a paddy rice field

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ma ◽  
X. L. Li ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
Y. Han ◽  
Z. C. Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Paddy Rice Field ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Fertiliser Application

A 3-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen fertiliser and straw application on CH4 and N2O emissions from a paddy rice field in China from 2003 to 2005. Three rates of nitrogen fertiliser (0, 200, and 270 kg N/ha) and 2 levels of wheat straw (0 and 3.75 × 103 kg/ha) were adopted in this experiment. The effect of nitrogen fertiliser application on CH4 emission seemed to be affected by application rate. Nitrogen fertiliser decreased CH4 emission relative to the control when applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha, but the effect lessened if the application rate was further increased to a rate of 270 kg N/ha. The depressive effect of nitrogen fertiliser application on CH4 emissions from rice fields became more pronounced when wheat straw was also incorporated with fertiliser, compared with nitrogen fertiliser application alone. Straw incorporation significantly enhanced CH4 emission by 3–11 times (P < 0.05). Nitrogen fertiliser application increased N2O emission by 5–6 times when applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha and by 10–14 times when applied at a rate of 270 kg N/ha. On average, straw incorporation tended to decrease N2O emission by about 30% significant (P > 0.05). More than 50% of seasonal total amount of N2O was emitted within 11 days after fertiliser application at panicle initiation. The global warming potential caused by both CH4 and N2O emissions was affected by nitrogen fertiliser application rate and significantly stimulated by wheat straw incorporation. The global warming potential was lowest when nitrogen fertiliser was applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha.

Effects of nitrogen rate and application method on early production and fruit quality in highbush blueberry

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1165-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Ehret ◽  
Brenda Frey ◽  
Tom Forge ◽  
Tom Helmer ◽  
David R. Bryla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Early Production

Ehret, D. L., Frey, B., Forge, T., Helmer, T., Bryla, D. R. and Zebarth, B. J. 2014. Effects of nitrogen rate and application method on early production and fruit quality in highbush blueberry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1165–1179. Proper nitrogen (N) fertilizer management of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is of major importance in south-coastal British Columbia, but little information is available. A field study was conducted to examine the effects of N rate and method of application on growth, yield, and fruit quality in highbush blueberry during the first 4 yr after planting in south-coastal BC. Nitrogen was applied at 0–150% of current production guide rates either with three equal applications of broadcast granular ammonium sulphate each spring or by fertigation through the drip irrigation system with 10 equal applications of liquid ammonium sulphate injected every 2 wk from early spring to late summer each year. Yield increased with increasing N rate during the second and third years of fruit production. The yield response as well as flower number and plant size were greater with fertigation than with broadcast fertilizers. Fruit firmness also increased consistently with increased N rates, while fruit size either increased or decreased, depending on year. There were no effects of N on fruit oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), titratable acidity, or soluble solids. However, the composition of fruit anthocyanins changed, with concentrations of seven anthocyanins decreasing, and three others increasing, with N rate. In 2 of 3 yr, total anthocyanin concentration was greater in fertigated than in broadcast treatments. Soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations increased with N rate, but only soil nitrate differed between the two application methods. Soil nitrate was higher with fertigation than with granular fertilizers, particularly at the end of the season and when greater rates of N were applied. In summary, fertigation produced more shoot growth and greater yields with less N than broadcast applications of fertilizer.

Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of Bing and Sam sweet cherries

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cline ◽  
M. Trought
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Colour Development

Rain-induced cracking of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) is a major problem in many cherry growing regions throughout the world. One method to reduce cracking is to grow cracking resistant cultivars; however, no completely effective control measures are currently available to eliminate this problem. Studies conducted in New Zealand to test the ameliorating properties of gibberellic acid sprays to reduce cracking were examined. The results revealed that repeated or singular foliar applications at 10 or 40 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3), respectively, increased both fruit cracking, and fruit firmness, but delayed fruit colour development. Key words: Prunus avium, cherry splitting, cracking

scholarly journals Nitrogen losses from grazed dairy pasture, as affected by nitrogen fertiliser application

1995 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
M.S. Sprosen ◽  
G.J. Brier ◽  
E.K.K. Nemaia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Inputs and losses of nitrogen (N) were determined in dairy farmlets receiving nominally 0, 200 or 400 kg N/ha/yr as urea at Dairying Research Corporation No. 2 dairy, Hamilton. In year 1, N, fixation by white clover was estimated by r5N dilution at 212, 165 and 74 kg N/ha/yr in the 0, 200 and 400 N treatments respectively. Removal of N in milk was 76, 89 and 92 kg N/ha in the 0, 200 and 400 N farmlets respectively. Loss of N into the air by denitrification was low (6-15 kg N/ha/yr), and increased with N application. Ammonia loss into the air was estimated by micrometeorological mass balance at 15, 45 and 63 kg Nlhalyr in the 0, 200 and 400 N treatments respectively. Most of the increase in ammonia loss was attributed to direct loss after fertiliser application. Leaching of nitrate was estimated using ceramic cup samplers at 1 m soil depth, in conjunction with lysimeters, to be 74, 101 and 204 kg NlhaJyr during the second winter when rainfall and drainage (55@-620 mm) were relatively high. Nitrate-N concentrations in leachates increased gradually over time in the 400 N treatment to an average of 37 mg/l during the second winter, whereas the corresponding values for the 0 and 200 N treatments were 12 and 18 mg/l. Preliminary measurements of groundwater suggest that :ihe nitrate-N concentration is increasing under the 400 N farmlet relative to the other two farmlets. Thus, the 400 N treatment had a major effect by greatly reducing N, fixation and increasing N losses, whereas the 200 N treatment had relatively little effect on N, fixation or on nitrate leaching. However, these results refer to the first 18 months of the trial and further measurements are required over time to determine the longer-term effects of these treatments, particularly on nitrate levels in groundwater. Keywords: ammonia loss, dairying, denitrification, groundwater, leaching, nitrogen fertiliser, N, fixation

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