Effect of boiling water treatment on hardseededness and germination in some Stylosanthes species

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor ◽  
CJ Gardener
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Prior Testing ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Complete Breakdown

Levels of hardseededness in commercial seed lots of Stylosanthes species were determined. Levels varied from 0 to 98%, but there were substantial proportions of hard seed in some seed lots of all species. Median values were 40, 55, 63 and 72% for S. guianensis, S. hamata, S. scabra and S. humilis, respectively. Immersion of seed pods in boiling water for 1 min resulted in almost complete breakdown of hardseededness in all species. In S. hamata this generally resulted in reasonable germination, but in S. guianensis, S. scabra and S. humilis it was accompanied by death of many seeds. Longer periods of immersion killed an increasing proportion of seed. Treatment in boiling water could be used to reduce hard-seed levels in S. hamata (but not other species) but prior testing of a small sample would be necessary as many seeds were killed in 1 S. hamata seed lot (of 7 tested).

Hot water seed treatment for Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Gray
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sowing Seed

Seed of Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. germinates slowly, and irregularly unless treated before sowing to render the testa permeable to water. Treatment with sulphuric acid is effective but inconvenient to use. Experiments with hot water over a range of temperature and time are described. An effective treatment was to immerse the seed in water at 80�Cfor two minutes. After this treatment seed can be dried rapidly and stored before sowing. Seed treated in this way has retained full viability for 15 months.

Reducing Hard Seed in Alfalfa by Radio-Frequency Electrical Seed Treatment

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 0116-0119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Nelson and W. W. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Hard Seed

scholarly journals Viability Test of Sesbania rostrata Seed with Hot Water Treatment

2010 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
M Salim ◽  
B Meah ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Immersion Period ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pathogenic Infection

The study was conducted at the Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, during March to August, 2008 to examine the effect of hot water treatment at different temperatures with varying immersion periods on the viability of Sesbania rostrata seeds. Effect of dipping seeds in hot water at temperature of 78, 79, 80 and 810C for 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 min were evaluated for this purpose. The lowest seed viability and seed germination (0.5%) was obtained at 81 0C for 28 min immersion period. The lowest hard seed (3.0%) and minimum (0.63%) pathogenic infection was found at same temperature and immersion period. Germination and tetrazolium tests were used throughout the experiment for estimating seed viability. Extreme hot water treatment deteriorated the viability of Sesbania rostrata seeds.

scholarly journals Seed Transmission of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in Peanut

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Randall-Schadel ◽  
J. E. Bailey ◽  
M. K. Beute
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Cylindrocladium Parasiticum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Peanut Production

Seedborne Cylindrocladium parasiticum has been reported in peanuts and the possibility of seed transmission postulated; however, seed transmission has not been documented. Cinnamon brown speckles on peanut testae were correlated with isolation of C. parasiticum. Microscopy indicated that seed were colonized by cinnamon brown colored hyphae and microsclerotia interspersed in and on lightened areas of testa. Speckled seed from commercial seed lots (cultivars NC 7, NC 10C) were planted, with or without a chemical seed treatment (1992, captan + carboxin + dicloran [45:18:15% of product]; 1993 to 1995, captan + PCNB + carboxin [45:15:10% of product]), in fumigated fields with no history of peanut production. Asymptomatic seed from noninfested seed lots (cultivar NC-V 11 or NC 7) were checks for soilborne inoculum. C. parasiticum was isolated from all symptomatic seed lots prior to planting (percentage ranged from 4 to 45%) but was not isolated from asymptomatic seed. Seed transmission occurred from seed both with chemical seed treatment (0.25 to 2.75%) and without seed treatment (0.25 to 6.0%), but not in all years. Asymptomatic seed planted 2.5 cm from speckled seed increased the number of plants with Cylindrocladium black rot from two- to sixfold, illustrating the ability of disease to spread from colonized seed to uninfected plants. It was concluded that seed transmission of C. parasiticum is an important means by which this disease is spread within the seed industry.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prior Compression Tests on the Plantar Soft Tissue Compressive and Shear Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Pai ◽  
Paul T. Vawter ◽  
William R. Ledoux
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Compression Testing ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Prior Testing ◽  
Plantar Soft Tissue

Changes in the shear plantar soft tissue properties with diabetes are believed to play a role in plantar ulceration, yet little is known about these properties. Our group recently conducted shear tests on specimens previously tested in compression to fully characterize the tissue under both these loading modes. However, previously tested specimens may not necessarily provide representative mechanical properties as prior testing may have altered the tissue to an unknown extent. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the effect of prior compression testing on both the plantar soft tissue shear and compressive properties using paired specimens. First, one specimen from each pair was subject to compression using our standard protocol with modifications to compare compressive properties before and after the protocol while the other specimen from each pair was left untested. Then, both specimens (i.e., one previously compression tested and one previously untested) were subject to shear testing. The results indicate that prior compression testing may affect the tissue compressive properties by reducing peak stress and modulus; however, additional testing is needed since these results were likely confounded by stress softening effects. In contrast, neither the elastic nor the viscoelastic plantar soft tissue shear properties were affected by prior testing in compression, indicating that previously compression tested specimens should be viable for use in future shear tests. However, these results are limited given the small sample size of the study and the fact that only nondiabetic specimens were examined.

scholarly journals 341 Overcoming Seed Dormancy in Winecups, Callirhoe involucrata

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 450F-451
Author(s):  
Dianne Oakley ◽  
Julie Laufmann ◽  
James Klett ◽  
Harrison Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
A Minor

Propagation of Winecups [Callirhoe involucrata (Torrey & A. Gray)] for use as a landscape ornamental has been impeded by a lack of understanding of the seed dormancy and a practical method for overcoming it. As with many members of the Malvaceae family, C. involucrata produces hard seed. In the populations tested, it accounted for 90% of an average sample. Impermeability, however, is not the only limiting factor to germination. Three disparate populations of seed, representing two different collection years have been investigated using moist pre-chilling, boiling water, leaching, gibberellic acid, hydrogen peroxide and mechanical and chemical scarification methods. Scarifying in concentrated sulfuric acid stimulates germination of some seed fractions and causes embryonic damage in others, suggesting variation in seed coat thickness. Similar results were obtained using a pressurized air-scarifier; the hard seed coat of some seed fractions were precisely scarified while others were physically damaged using the same psi/time treatment. Placing seed in boiling water increases germination from 4%, 7%, and 18 % to 23%, 25%, and 77% in the three populations, respectively. Leaching for 24/48 h in cold (18 °C) aerated water or for 24 h in warm (40 °C) aerated water showed only a minor increase over the control. Pre-chilling at 5 °C for 30, 60, and 90 days showed no improvement over the control. Gibberellic acid-soaked blotters improved germination at 400 ppm to 20%, 10%, and 41%; at 500 ppm germination was reduced. Soaking seed for 24 h in a 3% concentration of hydrogen peroxide did not effect germination; at a 30% concentration germination was reduced. The considerable variation in seed dormancy expression may be a function of differences in environmental factors during development or seed age.

Effect of chemical seed treatment on rice false smut control in field

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-Hui Song ◽  
Yufu Wang ◽  
Weixiao Yin ◽  
Junbin Huang ◽  
Chaoxi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Rice False Smut ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
False Smut

Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a severe emerging disease in China. It affects not only the quality of rice, but also yields of rice production. In order to make clear the effect of chemical seed treatment on the rice false smut control in fields, during 2014 to 2017, four fungicides with different modes of action were used to treat rice seeds that were contaminated by false smut balls. In rice growing seasons, samples of rice tissue were taken for detection of U. virens by using a specific nested PCR method at different rice growing stages. In addition, the occurrence of rice false smut was investigated at maturation stage. Results showed that U. virens in plant tissues could be decreased significantly by chemical seed treatment at seedling stage. Four chemical treatments decreased the detection rate significantly (p < 0.01) compared to the water treatment, but no significant difference was observed among four chemical treatments. However, the detection rate could not be decreased by chemical seed treatment at tillering stage and booting stage. Similarly, the final occurrence of rice false smut did not show significant difference between each chemical and water treatment. These results suggested that chemical seed treatment had only limited efficacy in preventing occurrence of rice false smut, the application of fungicides at booting stage or the integrated strategies with fungicides and agricultural practices might give a better control for this disease.

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