Evaluation of soybean breeding lines by examining their responses to sowing date and row spacing

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Rose
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Standard Cultivar ◽  
Late Sowing

Seven genotypes, including 5 in the final stages of cultivar selection, were evaluated for their phenological development, yield, seed size, oil concentration and protein concentration in response to changes in sowing date and row spacing over 3 seasons, 1982-83, 1983-84and 1984-85. Genotype x sowing date interactions were detected for both phenological development and yield, particularly with the cultivar Sxy 59. This genotype was most affected by temperature during the pre-flowering phase of early November sowings. It was lower yielding in November sowings but was the highest yielding genotype in January sowings. Its adaptation to January sowings was unexpected because this genotype also showed high photoperiod sensitivity and flowered and matured rapidly in the late sowings. With early sowing, yield of the other cultivars was equivalent, or superior to (P=0.05), that obtained with the recommended early December sowing date, depending on the season. Late sowings caused yield reductions of about 34%. Increases in yield with narrow rows (50 v. 100 cm) were significant (P = 0.05) in 1 season and averaged 5% overall. Genotypexrow spacing interactions were only detected in 1 season, but no genotype was superior to the standard cultivar, Forrest, in adaptation to narrow rows. Thus this study revealed genotype responses which would affect adoption of newly released cultivars. It was concluded that this type of study is valuable in the final stages of a selection program and that these studies should include both early and late sowing dates and be conducted over several seasons.

scholarly journals Response of Late Sowing on the Yield and Yield Contributing Character of Different Varieties of Mustard and Rapeseed in Coastal Area of Barguna

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MR Talukder ◽  
Shaleh Uddin ◽  
SI Khan ◽  
Altab Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
Late Sowing ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was carried at Multi Location Testing site Barguna to determine suitable variety of mustard (Brassica species) for the late sowing condition for the coastal area of Bangladesh during rabi season of 1998-1999 and 1999-2000. Four varieties of mustard such as Daulat, Rai-5, Improved tory-7, and Ishurdi local with four sowing dates viz.15 Nov, 23 Nov, 30 Nov. and 7 Dec. were used for the experiment. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with sowing date in the main plot and varieties in the sub plot. The results revealed that the variety Daulat (1035 kg/ha) and Ishurdi local (1014 kg/ha) produced identically superior yield irrespective of sowing time. 15 November (1164 kg/ha) and 23 November (1002 kg/ha) recorded identically superior yield irrespect of variety. Daulat and Ishurdi local variety sowing could be delayed up to 30 November to obtain a profitable yield of (872 kg/ha) and (940 kg/ha) respectively which was still economically profitable. Key words: Mustard and rapes, Late sowing , variety, Yield, coastal area. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(4), 441-448., 2007

scholarly journals Seed yield of two new quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) breeding lines as affected by sowing date in Central Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo CASINI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Phenological Phases

<p>Research on the introduction of quinoa in Italy is currently lacking. The present research was aimed at identifying the correct sowing period. Field experiment was consucted in Cesa, Tuscany, in 2017. Two new breeding lines coded as DISPAA-Q42 and DISPAA-Q47-CB were utilized. Three sowing dates (SD) were implemented: February 23; March 17 and April 27. Results showed that the most successful SD was February 23. A significant decrease in both seed yield and a delay in phenological phases, relating to plant maturation and flowering was associated with the sequential delay in SD in both lines. Results also showed a significant effect of lines on yield, true-leaf stage development, flower development and maturity. Only DISPAA-Q42 was considered suitable for cultivation in the Tuscan environment. DISPAA-Q47-CB was the more susceptible line, due to the sequential delay in SD and delayed plant maturation. No effect between lines was evident for protein and saponin content. The present study clearly shows the potential for the successful cultivation of quinoa in Central Italy, and highlights the necessity of taking into consideration both breeding lines and SD in order to accomplish this goal.</p>

Effect of sowing date on the yield and quality of maize hybrids with different growing seasons

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Sowing

The yield, protein and starch content of Martonvásár maize hybrids belonging to different FAO groups were examined in experiments involving early, optimal and late sowing dates in two different years (drought — 2007, favourable water supplies — 2008) on a calcareous chernozem soil with loam texture at the Látókép Experimental Station of the Centre of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Debrecen.Sowing date had a significant effect on maize grain yield in the dry year. The grain yields of hybrids with longer growing periods were significantly higher than those with shorter growing periods in both years, but they reacted sensitively to the change in sowing date in the dry year. Due to the rainfall distribution in the growing season, sowing date did not modify the performance of the hybrids in the year with favourable water supplies. Sowing date had a significant effect on the grain protein content in the dry year, with significantly higher values after late sowing than after early or optimal sowing. Averaged over the sowing dates, the protein content of the FAO 200 hybrid was significantly higher in both years than that of hybrids in other FAO groups. In the dry year, the greatest difference in protein content could be observed between the early and late sowing dates for hybrids in all four FAO groups. A negative correlation was found between yield and protein content. Sowing date significantly increased the starch content of maize in the favourable year, with a significant difference between early and late sowing dates.In the dry year higher starch contents were recorded for all the hybrids and for all the sowing dates than in the favourable year. In the dry year, sowing date only caused a significant difference in the starch content in the case of FAO 200 sown at optimal and late sowing dates. In the favourable year, a significant difference was only obtained for the starch content of the FAO 400 hybrid sown at early and late sowing dates. Satisfactory quality can only be achieved if suitable genotypes are grown with appropriate technologies.

Some factors influencing the development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under dry-farming systems in Sudan

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out over a 3-year period at two locations in the central rainlands of Sudan under rainfed conditions at one site and under supplementary irrigation at the other to study the effects of cultivars and cultural practices on growth and grain yield of sunflower. Four cultivars, namely, Manohurian, Peredovik, Hungarian-A and Hungarian-B and four intra-row spacings of 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm (in rows 60 cm apart) were tested with three sowing dates starting on 15 July and following at 15-day intervals. Manchurian outyielded the other three varieties under supplementary irrigation whereas under rainfed conditions the reverse was true. This was attributed to the relative earliness in flowering of the varieties and their moisture requirements. Manchurian was the tallest with the thickest stem and a larger head at both locations compared with the other three varieties. Under rainfed conditions, the early sowing date of 15 July gave a significantly higher grain yield than the other two sowing dates, with the last sowing date of 15 August giving significantly least. This is attributed to decreasing moisture availability with delayed sowings. But under supplementary irrigation the effect of sowing date was less marked. Contrasting effects of sowing dates on plant height and stem circumference were obtained under the two systems of production. Under rainfed conditions there was a decrease in plant height and stem circumference with delayed sowing, whereas under supplementary irrigation the reverse was true. A contrasting response of plant height to spacing was also obtained; wider intra-row spacing was associated with taller plants under rainfed conditions and shorter plants under supplementary irrigation. Wider spacing was associated with thicker stems and larger heads at both locations. On the evidence obtained, 45 cm intra-row spacing is recommended for rainfed planting and 30 cm intra-row spacing for irrigated production of sunflower.

scholarly journals Nitrate Content, Soluble Solids Content, and Yield of Table Beet as Affected by Cultivar, Sowing Date and Nitrogen Supply

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Feller ◽  
Matthias Fink
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
N Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Late Sowing

The objective was to provide results to optimize the production of table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with respect to yield and quality. Field experiments were carried out over 2 years, where the effects of nitrogen (N) supply, sowing date, and cultivar were tested in a block design with four replications. In addition to yield, soluble solids and nitrate N contents of roots were measured to assess quality. Sowing date was an important factor for determining yield and quality of table beet. Sowing dates later than June at the experimental site are not recommended because they resulted in an increase in nitrate N content in fresh weight of up to 3027 mg·kg-1 and an average yield loss of 46% compared to sowings in April. Soluble solids content (SSC) was only slightly affected by planting date. Nitrogen supply did not affect SSC, but increasing N supply led to a major increase in nitrate N content, especially if combined with late sowing dates. It was concluded for early sowing dates that N supply be determined to achieve the maximum yield. With an early sowing date, nitrate N content in fresh weight at harvest was <563 mg·kg-1, even with a high N supply of 250 kg·ha-1. Late sowing dates required a reduced N supply to keep harvest nitrate contents below the 2500 mg·kg-1 required by the processing industry. Recommendations for optimizing N supply, sowing date, and cultivars for table beet should always take into account strong interactions between these factors.

scholarly journals The sowing date of winter durum wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
A. S. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge ◽  
Late Sowing

Winter durum wheat is one of the most important crops. This grain crop forms the grain from which high-quality pasta and groats are obtained. The insufficient knowledge of the elements of cultivation technology of this grain crop is one of the factors that limits its widespread use. The sowing date is one of the main elements of cultivation technology of winter durum wheat, which determines the duration and conditions of vegetation, which its productivity depends on. The study was carried out at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2013–2018 in the field crop rotation of the laboratory of grain crop cultivation technologies. There were studied four sowing dates, September 10, 20, 30 and October 10 according to three forecrops (weedfree fallow, peas, sunflower). The total area in the trials was 55 m2, and the accounting area was 41.25 m2, fourfold repetitions. The arrangement of variants in the repetitions was systematic and sequential. The trial was laid down and carried out in accordance with Dospekhov’s methodology of a field trial (1985). As a result of the conducted study, it was determined that the minimum period from sowing date to winter durum wheat sprouting was in the variant with weedfree fallow (from 21 to 27 days) maximal period was in the variant with sunflower (from 27 to 37 days). From the germination period to the finish of autumn vegetation of winter durum wheat (from the early sowing date (September 10) to the late sowing date (October 10)), the vegetation period of the plants decreases, their provision with positive and active temperatures and moisture increases depending on the forecrop. The largest productivity of winter durum wheat was obtained due to weedfree fallow (from 5.74 to 6.44 t/ha), and the smallest productivity of winter durum wheat was obtained when sown after sunflower (from 4.61 to 5.09 t/ha). For all forecrops, the largest yields of winter durum wheat are formed when sowing from September 10 to September 30, which proved to be optimal for this grain crop.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Variability and Direct-Indirect Contribution of Post-Anthesis Traits to the Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) at Different Sowing Dates

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Sami Ul-Allah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Late Sowing

In cotton-wheat cropping system of Pakistan, sowing of wheat is delayed which results in a heavy loss to the farmers. To this end, a two-year field experiment was conducted to i) asses the performance of genotypes under late sowing ii) heritability and genetic association of different traits under normal and late sowing for their use in the breeding programs. Experimental factors included 20 diverse wheat genotypes (16 advance lines and 04 approved varieties) factorially combined with two sowing dates i.e., normal sowing (11 and 13 November in 2018 and 2019, respectively) and late sowing (09 and 11 December in 2018 and 2019, respectively). The results revealed a highly significant (P < 0.01) effect of genotype and sowing date on all the post-anthesis studied traits and the interaction of the two factors was also significant (P < 0.01) for all the traits except number of spikelets per spike. Contribution of sowing dates was more in overall variation of different post-anthesis traits than genotypes and their interaction. With respect to the performance, genotype 9725 performed best in both early and late sowing, but a reduction of 26% in the grain yield was observed due to late sowing, whereas the grain yield of Miraj-2008 was comparatively lower but showed a reduction of only 17% due to late sowing. Number of tillers per plant and biological yield showed a highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation (r= 0.38 and 0.72, respectively) with grain yield under normal conditions, but path analyses revealed that number of tillers per plant showed association indirectly through biological yield and its direct effect is only one third of the total effect. Under late sowing, association of number of tillers turned non-significant and direct effect become negative which showed complicated association of this trait under normal and late sowing. High broad sense heritability (H2 > 75%) of all the traits suggests a good genetic gain in breeding program by using these traits. As different genotypes performed best for different yield related traits, therefore a breeding program with a careful crossing plan should be developed to pyramid the genes for different traits for the development of genotypes adapted to late sowing. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Effect of Sowing Dates and Maize Cultivars in Growth and Yield of Maize along with their Agro-Climatic Indices in Nawalparasi, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH SHRESTHA ◽  
LAL PRASAD AMGAIN ◽  
TIKA BAHADUR KARKI ◽  
KHEM RAJ DAHAL ◽  
JIBAN SHRESTHA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Climatic Indices ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Late Sowing

A field experiment on different maize cultivars planted at different sowing dates were accomplished at Kawasoti-5, Nawalparasi during spring season of 2013 to find suitable sowing date and maize cultivar for the location. Along with this, effect of sowing dates and maize cultivars on different agro-climatic indices were also calculated using formulas. Result showed that RML- 4/RML-17 produced higher kernel rows ear-1 (13.77), kernel per row (30.42) and test weight (244.9 g). Significantly higher grain yield was also found for RML-4/RML-17 (6.03 tha-1) compared to Poshilo makai-1 (4.73 t ha-1), Arun-2 (3.55 t ha-1) and Local (2.92 t ha-1). Earlier sowing date (7th April) produced higher kernel row-1 (27.97), kernel rows ear-1 (12.89) and 1000 grain weight (230 g). Significantly higher grain yield (5.13t ha-1) was obtained in earlier sowing date (7th April). Although the mean ambient temperature during research period was increasing with delayed sowing, days to attain different phenological stages decreased with late sowing. The statistically similar GDD was recorded for different sowing dates and higher PTI values were noticed with delay in planting. Similarly, heat use efficiency (HUE) was found higher in early sowing date. Arun-2 had small reduction in HUE so, it can be considered stable and best cultivar among the tested cultivars.

Response of nine genotypes of irrigated soybeans to planting pattern and sowing date

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Constable ◽  
IA Rose
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Established Plant ◽  
New Cultivars

A three year study compared the response of promising breeding lines, new cultivars and commercial soybean cultivars to three planting patterns and two sowing dates. The planting patterns were: 25-45 cm rows on 200 cm wide beds, twin 15 cm rows on 100 cm hills, and single rows on 100 cm hills. In all planting patterns, the established plant populations were 20-25 m-2. The sowing dates were December 1 or 5 and January 15 or 22. There was a yield increase of up to 14% (433 kg ha-1) with narrow rows on wide beds and twin rows over 100 cm rows, the extent depending on cultivar and season, with an overall average increase of only 5 to 8%. In the two seasons where narrow rows yielded more than 100 cm rows, cv. Forrest yielded best in twin rows, while the other genotypes yielded best with narrow rows on wide beds. These effects were the same for both sowing dates. January sowings yielded 30% less than December sowings, but this decline in yield was least evident in cvv. Forrest and Ruse. Forrest was the highest yielding cultivar for both sowing dates in every season (3605 and 271 6 kg ha-1 respectively). We conclude that the small increase in yield with narrow rows may be worthwhile economically, as long as no extra costs are involved. The planting pattern and sowing date response of promising lines should be examined as part of a breeding program.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Organic Compounds Stimulate Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) to Survive Late Sown Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 684-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman El Sabagh ◽  
Abdelhamid M. Omar ◽  
Mohamed El Menshawi ◽  
Samir El Okkiah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Application of organic compounds in cotton balances its vegetative and reproductive growth, as well as to improve the seed cotton yield and lint quality properties. Field experiments were conducted with some organic compounds to determine their effects on cotton yield and quality properties of cotton under two sowing times.The experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Cotton Research Institute, Egypt in 2015 and 2016. In these studies, two sowing times viz. optimum and delay sowing and two levels (200 and 400 ppm) of organic compounds viz. ascorbic, ascobine and salicylic acids were used. The results indicated that the optimum sowing date gave the largest area of single leaf at 90 and 120 DAS, as well as it induced an increase in dry weight (g) of plant organs at 120 DAS, while, the late sowing significantly reduced the leaves dry weight both at 90 and 120 DAS. Both seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield (kentar feddan-1) were significantly increased in optimum sowing condition and sharply declined as delayed sowing date. The number of opened bolls plant-1 were also significantly reduced in late sowing. Lint percentage, seed index and seed cotton weight boll-1 were also significantly affected by sowing dates. Leaf pigment (total chlorophyll) was significantly affected by sowing date recorded at 90 and 120 DAS, while lower values of total chlorophyll was recorded in late sown plants. Also, sowing dates had no significant effect on both oil and protein seed content. This study has shown that timely sowing of cotton seed and foliar application of ascorbic acid, ascobine or salicylic acid with concentration of 200 or 400 ppm at flower initiation stage and peak of flowering stage had significant positive effects on seed cotton yield and lint quality properties. According to these results it can be suggested that usage of organic compounds to improve the yield and quality properties, especially in late sowing for ‘Giza 94' cotton cultivar at Kafr- Elsheikh district, Egypt.

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