Supplementary feeding of oat grain or lucerne hay to crossbred ewes at lambing

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Holst
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Border Leicester x Merino ewes (body condition score 2.6-3.0) grazing short pastures were given feed supplements during lambing, to examine effects on lamb survival. Supplementary feeding of poor quality lucerne hay, good quality lucerne hay or oaten grain, each given ad libitum, began 3 days prior to the start of the 4-week lambing period and continued to the end of lambing. One third of the ewes had twins. Lamb marking percentage for the unsupplemented treatment was 108.5% compared with 109.9, 118.1 and 111.7% for the poor quality lucerne hay, good quality lucerne hay and oaten grain treatments respectively. Of twin-bearing ewes given good quality hay, 60% reared both lambs, compared with 48-49% of those given poor quality hap or grain (n.s.) and 36% of those not supplemented (P < 0.05). Supplements did not improve the survival rate of single lambs. Overall survival (combining birth types) of lambs was also significantly improved by a supplement of good quality hay. The observed differences in twin survival were associated with differences in ewe grazing behaviour. These results support recommendations that supplementary feeding of twin-bearing ewes approaching lambing with a body condition score of 2.6-3.0 will improve lamb survival and weaning weights.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM BERBAGAI KUALITAS PADA PRODUKSI AIR SUSU PERANAKAN SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriadi , ◽  
Erna Winarti ◽  
Agus Sancaya
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

<p>Effect of Feeding Ratio with Various Quality on Milk Production of Friesian Holstein Crossbred Cattle in Sleman District of Yogyakarta. The research was conducted from July to October 2013 at the District Integrated Services Unit – Development Unit for Seeds and Feed of Livestocks and Animals Diagnostic under the Sleman Agricultural Agency of Yogyakarta Province. Total of 16 cows on the 2nd or 3rd lactating periods were divided into 3 groups of dietary treatments including a group as the control treatment. Dietary treatments were various feed supplements in the protein contains of (A) 15%, (B) 13% and (C) 12% with energies of (A) 255 cal/100gr, (B) 261 cal /100gr and (C) 274 cal/100gr respectively. The control treatment was local feed product with 12% of crude protein. The mixture of young corn forage and king grass was provided ad libitum as well as water. The result showed that the milk production of treatments group had no differences (p&gt;0.05) from the control group’s. However the average production of milk of group C was higher than group A and B, while the lowest production was from the control group. The milk production of cows of treated groups increased up to 18%. The financial efficiency of feed were IDR3.000 (group A), IDR4.000 (group B) and IDR5.000 (group C). As a result, even the feed treatments have not increase the milk production yet, on the other hand the feed supplements could considerably maintain body condition score (BCS). </p><p>Keywords: Feed supplement, milk production, financial efficiency</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2013 di Unit Pelayanan Terpadu Daerah – Balai Pengembangan Bibit Pakan Ternak dan Diagnostik Kehewanan (UPTD BPBPTDK) Dinas Pertanian Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sebanyak 16 ekor sapi perah yang sedang laktasi ke 2 dan 3 dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan pakan dengan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 4 ekor ulangan. Kandungan protein kasar masing-masing perlakuan berkisar 15% (A); 13% (B); dan 12% (C) dengan kandungan energy 255 kal/100gr (A), 261 kal/100gr (B) dan 274 kal/100gr (C). Kontrol perlakuan berupa pakan konsentrat yang dibeli di pasar sekitar wilayah penelitian yang mengandung 12% protein kasar. Hijauan yang diberikan berupa tanaman jagung muda (tebon) dan rumput raja diberikan ad libitum begitu pula air minum. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata–rata produksi air susu sapi penelitian berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam tidak ada perbedaan (P&gt;0,05) antara perlakuan dan kontrol. Perbandingan produksi air susu antara sebelum dan sesudah diperlakukan berdasarkan uji t menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Produksi setelah perlakuan menunjukan kenaikan 18% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan produksi sebelum perlakuan. Perhitungan<br />efisiensi harga pakan dalam satu kali pemberian per ekor per hari antara harga pakan kontrol dengan harga pakan 48 Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Vol. 20, No.1, Maret 2017: 47-58 perlakuan, lebih murah harga pakan perlakuan dengan selisih harga untuk masing-masing perlakuan adalah: perlakuan A (Rp3.000), perlakuan B (Rp4.000) dan perlakuan C (Rp5.000). Perlakuan pakan A, B dan C secara umum dapat<br />mempertahankan BCS (body condition score). Dengan demikian, formula pakan perlakuan dapat mempertahankan BCS, tetapi belum bisa meningkatkan jumlah produksi air susu selama laktasi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Konsentrat, produksi air susu, efisiensi</p>

GRAZING BEHAVIOUR OF DAIRY COWS AND BODY CONDITION SCORE ASSOCIATED WITH SWARD CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUR PASTURE TYPES

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-226
Author(s):  
O. A. CASTELÁN-ORTEGA ◽  
C. G. MARTÍNEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
F. L. MOULD ◽  
P. DORWARD ◽  
G. C. MIRANDA-DE LA LAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

SUMMARYThe objectives were to assess the following: (1) the relationship between sward height and chemical composition of four pasture types in association with grazing behaviour and body condition score (BCS) of dairy cows, and (2) the possibility of developing predictive equations of the nutrient intake and grazing behaviour within a continued grazing system. Pasture type had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on nutrient supply from January to June for all pastures investigated. Ryegrass–white clover pasture (RW) had the highest metabolizable protein and metabolizable energy, followed by kikuyu pasture (KP), which was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than native pastures 1 and 2 (NP1 and NP2). The highest values for effective grazing time, bite rate and BCS were found when dairy cows grazed RW followed by KP, NP2 and NP1. The results suggested that pasture type and sward height influenced grazing behaviour and BCS of dairy cows during the dry season. In the same vein, RW showed higher effective grazing time, bite rate, nutrient intake and BCS than the other three pastures suggesting that RW pastures that appear to be more expensive than native pastures could result in superior cow performance.

Mature body composition of the Gallego sheep breed of Galicia (north-west Spain)

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
M. R. Cropper ◽  
N. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
North West ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Mature Size

Taylor (1980) indicated the importance of mature size in the description of animals and its usefulness for standardising growth parameters. The mature size and body composition of the Gallego breed, a small meat-producing type first described by Mason (1967), have never been estimated under defined management conditions. Therefore, using the scaling rules and results of Thonney, Taylor, Murray and McClelland (1987) as a guide, a study was made to determine whether the reputation of Gallego lambs for producing lean carcases was borne out in the composition of mature animals.Twenty-one ewes (mean liveweight, LW, 32.7, sd 5.4 kg) and eight rams (LW 47.6, sd 8.6 kg) were selected as cast animals on the basis of age ( >4 years), body condition score (BCS, >1.75), health and teeth status and group-fed on concentrate (180 g crude protein/ kg dry-matter) and hay ad libitum. LW was measured fortnightly. When all animals had a LW and BCS which were stable for 2 months, 3 subgroups were slaughtered monthly. Weights of wool, body organs and hot carcase (HC) were recorded. Dissection of the cold carcase (CC) into commercial joints (Cabrero Poveda, 1984) and total lean, bone and fat.

241 EFFECT OF INTRODUCTION OF THE INVERDALE FECUNDITY (FecXI) GENE INTO A TEXEL × SCOTTISH HILL EWE (CHEVIOT) FLOCK ON LITTER SIZE, BIRTHWEIGHT, AND LAMB SURVIVAL

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
F. M. Alink ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
M. J. A. Mylne ◽  
P. Kenyon ◽  
R. G. Watt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Lamb Survival

The naturally occurring Inverdale fecundity gene (FecXI), first identified in a Romney flock in New Zealand is located on the X-chromosome and is a point mutation of the bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) gene. Although homozygous carriers are infertile due to abnormal development (hypoplasia) of the ovaries, heterozygotes exhibit an increase in ovulation rate and numbers of lambs born, thus making the gene a candidate for improving prolificacy of crossbred hill ewes in a stratified hill and lowground sheep industry. Heterozygous Inverdale gene-carrying crossbred (Texel � Cheviot) ewes (n = 76) and noncarrier controls (n = 18) were mated by non-carrier Texel rams at approximately 18 months of age. Ultrasound pregnancy scanning took place at approximately 70 days of gestation. Lambing records comprised litter size and birthweight data and all losses, including mummified fetuses. Regression analysis tested effects of ewe genotype, pre-mating liveweight, and body condition score on litter size. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare genotype and litter size category effects on dam and offspring data. Mean (� SEM) litter size was 2.6 � 0.10 and 1.9 � 0.11 for FecXI carrier and noncarrier ewes (P < 0.001). Although carrier ewes had lower pre-mating liveweights (60 � 5.2 vs. 63 � 3.8 kg; P < 0.05) and body condition scores (3.1 � 0.29 vs. 3.3 � 0.24; P < 0.01) than noncarrier ewes, litter size was not affected by either factor. Ultrasound scanning was a good predictor (r2 = 0.86; P < 0.001) of the eventual lamb crop. Incidences of singletons, twins, triplets and higher multiples were 8, 38, 42 and 12%, respectively, among FecXI carrier dams. Corresponding incidences among noncarriers were 17, 78, 5, and 0%. Peri- and neonatal losses increased with litter size. Of lambs from single, twin or triplet births, losses were 20% and 6% for FecXI carrier and noncarrier ewe groups, respectively (P = 0.049). Of 32 quadruplets (mean live weight = 2.65 kg), 9 did not survive; the sole set of quintuplets (mean = 1.52 kg) also succumbed. Birth weights of lambs influenced survival (P < 0.001); among quadruplets, for example, survivors were 0.5 kg heavier than counterparts that died. Surviving triplets from FecXI carrier dams were 0.8 kg heavier than non-survivors (3.66 kg vs. 2.86 kg). Overall, in this study mortality was four times greater among lambs below 3 kg live weight than among their heavier counterparts. Consequently, further studies are needed to investigate how Inverdale gene-carrying ewes can be managed during the peri-conception period to optimize litter size, placental function, and prenatal growth for maximum lamb survival. This work was funded by HIE, ANM Group, Britbreed, Ltd., and Harbro Ltd.; F. M. A. is a Genesis Faraday Associate and is sponsored by the SAC Trust, Harbro, Ltd., and Innovis.

Effect of ewe body condition and nutrition in late pregnancy on the performance of triplet-bearing ewes and their progeny

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
S. T. Morris ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
D. M. West
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Production Response

The aim of the present study was to determine the production response of triplet-bearing ewes and their lambs to two differing feeding treatments in mid to late pregnancy and to determine the effect of ewe body condition. Ninety-two days after the start of their breeding period (P92) triplet-bearing ewes, were allocated to either a Medium (n = 72) or ad libitum (‘Adlib’, n = 72) feeding treatment until P113, followed by both groups being merged and offered ad libitum feeding conditions until lambing. The Medium feeding treatment was designed to ensure pre- and postgrazing herbage masses were below 1200 and 1000 kg DM/ha, respectively. Each feeding treatment included ewes from the following body condition score groups: 2.0 or less (CS ≤2.0), 2.5 (CS2.5) or 3.0 or greater (CS ≥3.0). At P113, Medium ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) and had lower (P < 0.05) body condition scores than Adlib ewes (72.4 ± 0.80 vs 75.2 ± 0.85 kg and 2.8 ± 0.06 vs 3.3 ± 0.06, respectively). However, at P141 liveweight no longer differed (P > 0.05, 86.2 ± 0.94 vs 86.6 ± 0.99 kg, respectively), although a small difference in condition score remained (P < 0.05, 3.0 ± 0.07 vs 3.3 ± 0.08, respectively). Ewe feeding treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb liveweight or survival or ewe liveweight and body condition during lactation. Ewe body condition score group had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb birthweight. Lambs born to CS2.5 group ewes were heavier 70 days after the midpoint of lambing (L70) than those born to CS ≤2.0 group ewes (20.9 ± 0.41 vs 19.6 ± 0.36 kg, respectively), although they displayed lower survival to L70 (56.0 vs 69.5%). Liveweight at L70 and survival of lambs born to CS ≥3.0 group ewes (20.0 ± 0.39 kg and 61.7%) did not differ (P > 0.05) from those born to either CS ≤2.0 or CS2.5 group ewes. In conclusion, these results suggest triplet-bearing ewes can be maintained under restricted feeding conditions until at least Day 113 of pregnancy without negatively affecting ewe or lamb performance when they are subsequently offered unrestricted feeding for the remainder of pregnancy and during lactation. Under these grazing conditions the body condition of triplet-bearing ewes had little to no effect on their subsequent performance or that of their lambs.

Effect of twin-bearing ewe body condition score and late pregnancy nutrition on lamb performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
R. E. Hickson ◽  
P. G. Hutton ◽  
S. T. Morris ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Body Condition Scores

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ewe body condition score and nutrition on twin-bearing ewes and their offspring. At maximum Day 112 of pregnancy (range 96–112 days), 185 twin-bearing ewes were allocated to either a ‘Medium’ or ‘ad libitum’ (Adlib) feeding treatment for the following 25 days (P112–P136). Each feeding treatment included ewes of body condition score: 2.0 (CS2.0, Medium n = 32, Adlib n = 28), CS2.5 (Medium n = 31, Adlib n = 33) or CS3.0 (Medium n = 30, Adlib n = 31). After P136 ewes were offered Adlib feeding conditions. Medium treatment ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) than Adlib ewes at P136 and P142 and displayed lower (P < 0.05) body condition score at P136 and back-fat depths at P142. CS2.0 ewes had lower (P < 0.05) liveweights and body condition score at P112, P136 and P142 than CS2.5 ewes, which in turn had lower (P < 0.05) liveweight and body condition scores than CS3.0 ewes. Ewe feeding treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb liveweight or apparent colostrum intake. Ewe body condition score had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb birthweight or apparent colostrum intake. Lambs born to CS2.0 ewes had greater (P < 0.05) survival than lambs born to CS2.5 ewes. At the end of the study lambs born to CS2.0 ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) than those born to CS2.5 and CS3.0 ewes although, there was (P > 0.05) no effect of condition score on total litter liveweight. In conclusion, these results suggest twin-bearing ewes of body condition 2.0–3.0 can be offered restricted feeding levels to at least Day 136 of pregnancy with few implications for their lambs.

scholarly journals Impact of change in body condition score in mid-late pregnancy in ewes fed a mixed diet on lamb survival and performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Sue McCoard ◽  
Shen-Yan Hea ◽  
Catherine McKenzie ◽  
Kirsty Hammond ◽  
Tim Smith
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Positive Effect

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that body condition score of pregnant ewes fed on turnip and swede crops during mid-late gestation had on offspring survival and performance. Data were collected from 755 multiparous mixed-age ewes carrying 1–4 fetuses. Ewes grazed a turnip crop for 1 month prior to pregnancy scanning with supplementary ryegrass/clover baleage (~75 days gestation) followed by a swede crop with supplementary Lucerne baleage for 1 month following pregnancy scanning (to ~120 days gestation). Ewe body condition score (BCS) at mating, pregnancy scanning and pre-lambing, along with lamb survival and growth rates to weaning were recorded. Lamb survival from pregnancy scanning to tailing differed by litter size (P<0.001) with lower survival in litters with 3 or more lambs compared to singles and twins which did not differ. Improving BCS from pregnancy scanning to 120 days gestation had a positive effect on lamb survival irrespective of litter size and ewe age (P<0.001). Lamb survival in ewes ≥5 years of age, irrespective of litter size, was lower (P<0.001) compared to 2 or 3–4-year-old ewes, which in turn did not differ from each other. The key finding of the study was that loss in BCS from pregnancy scanning to 120 days gestation, negatively impacted on lamb survival, especially in ewes carrying 3 or more fetuses and in ewes >5 years of age irrespective of the number of fetuses carried. Furthermore, there was high variation in BCS change observed in both early and mid-pregnancy.  

Production by wethers fed oats, wheat, and lupins, with dry annual pasture in north-eastern Victoria

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Live Export

An experiment was conducted at Rutherglen Research Institute in autumn 1979 to evaluate various grain supplements for the fattening of 18-month-old Merino wethers intended for the live export market. All sheep had mature, dry pasture, harvested during mid summer, freely on offer. This herbage contained 9% crude protein and was 47% digestible. Wheat, oats or lupins were fed as supplements at 0, 180, 360, 540 g/head.d and ad libitum. Mixed grain rations were also studied: lupins were fed at 0, 90, 180 and 270 g/head.d with either wheat or oats ad libitum. Wethers were fed these rations for nine weeks and fasted liveweight, wool growth, and body condition score were measured. Animals were then slaughtered and carcases weighed. Animal performance was positively related to the rate of grain intake. Ad libitum intakes of wheat and oats were low - 450 and 520 g/head.d respectively, and only maintained liveweights. in contrast, lupins fed ad libitum were consumed at 650 g/head.d, which resulted in significant increases in live and carcase weight - 4 kg and 3.8 kg respectively. Pasture intake was reduced by one third with all ad libitum grain rations. The addition of lupins at 180 g/head.d to wheat or oats increased the ad libitum intakes of the cereal grains to 550 and 650 g/head.d, respectively, with associated liveweight gains of 1.0 and 4.5 kg for the nine week period. Intake of cereal grains was generally low compared with that in other published reports; but all rations containing more than 10% lupins showed promise as supplements for fattening wethers.

scholarly journals Increasing lamb survival and lamb weaning weight through feeding high fecundity crossbred sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
C. Johns ◽  
J. Johns ◽  
D.R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Lamb Survival

The monitoring of a high fecundity ewe flock in the Te Anau basin demonstrates the process of improved feeding to improve lamb survival and growth to weaning. Feed budgeting was changed from traditional to tailored feed requirements based on measured ewe liveweight with wastage of 15% factored in. Feed allocation was changed from monthly to weekly increases during late pregnancy, and set stocking was delayed until the planned start of lambing. This increased late pregnancy feed allocation from 99 kg DM/ewe to 128 and 144 kg DM/ewe for twin and triplet bearing ewes, respectively. Ewe body condition score was maintained at between 3 and 3.5, with condition score loss between scanning and lambing being reduced to zero. Lamb survival and lamb liveweight gain to weaning increased in both twin and triplet bearing ewes. Pregnancy scanning increased from 200 to 222 lambs per 100 ewes, between 2007 and 2012, while lambing percentage (lambs weaned/ ewe mated) rose from 132% to 165%, with more ewes rearing lambs and rearing multiples. Lamb wastage declined from 37% in 2007 and 2008, to 25% in 2011 and 2012, though scanning percentage rose by 20%. Lamb weights increased from 27.5 to 36 kg/lamb at 100 days of age. The increase in the liveweight of lambs and ewes at weaning reduced the calculated feed requirements over summer and autumn, potentially releasing 70 to 110 kg DM/ewe to provide feed to meet the extra winter feed requirements. Keywords: ewe body condition score, feed allocation, lamb survival, lamb weaning weight

The effect of restriction of pasture intake in late lactation on the milk production and body condition of dairy cows

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale ◽  
IF Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The effect of restricting the intake of pasture on the performance of dairy cows was studied in two 28-day phases in the eighth and ninth months of lactation. Intakes ranged from 12.4 to 4.9 kg of dry matter/cow day-1. After the 28-day restriction phases, all cows were grazed ad libitum at pasture. Production of milk, butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat all declined linearly with reduction in intake (0.569, 0.0286, 0.0206 and 0.0525 kg per kg of dry matter intake, respectively). Butterfat concentration increased curvilinearly with reduction in intake, but there was no effect on protein and solids-not-fat concentrations. In addition to the decreased production, there was a decrease in body condition score of 0.160 units for each kg reduction in dry matter intake. During the post-experimental period, with ad libitum grazing, cows that had previously been restricted recovered most of their daily milk yield and some of their body condition. The cows in this experiment required an extra 35 kg of dry matter to produce an extra kg of butterfat, but this efficiency ignores potential extra production in the following lactation from improved body condition.

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