Relationship between predicted energy requirements and measured energy intake of dairy cattle at pasture

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
RC Dobos ◽  
PJ Michell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Measured Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Standard Energy

Intakes of metabolisable energy (ME) in grazed herbage, silage, hay and grain were measured in dairy cows on 2 farmlets during 2 consecutive 12-month periods. Measured intakes were compared with predicted 'requirements' for ME, calculated by using values for liveweight and milk production measured during the 2 periods. These results validate the use of standard energy allowances to predict ME requirements of dairy cattle grazing in an environment similar to that described here. The measured (mean � s.d.) ME intake was 95 � 6.7% of predicted requirements using standard energy allowances.

The effect of fodder beet inclusion on milk production and nitrogen and energy utilization of grass silage based diets by lactating dairy cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. McIlmoyle ◽  
D.C. Patterson ◽  
D.J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

In a previous experiment with dairy cows at this Institute, in which fodder beet was included as a third component of the diet along with grass silage and concentrate, fodder beet considerably increased metabolisable energy intake (MEI), but there was little effect on milk yield (unpublished data). The main objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of including fodder beet versus concentrate in a grass silage diet, on milk production, digestibility of nutrients and the utilization of nitrogen (N) and energy at equal ME intake in lactating dairy cattle.

The effect of days in milk and physiological state (number of mammary glands milked) on the partitioning of increments of metabolisable energy in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
R.M. Kirkland ◽  
F.J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

The response in milk energy output to increasing metabolisable energy intake (MEI) is curvilinear and obeys the law of diminishing returns (Blaxter, 1966). This curvilinearity can be explained by the increased partitioning of MEI to body tissue as intake increases. Rationing dairy cows for cost-effective milk production requires prediction of the extent and nature of this partitioning phenomenon. However, the current rationing system in the U.K., the ME system, does not address this issue. The objective of this study was to examine two of the possible animal factors which might influence the partitioning of increments of MEI given above requirements i.e. days in milk (DIM) and physiological state (number of mammary glands milked) of the animal.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING TWO VARIETIES OF TALL FESCUE

1974 ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
G.F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clover Content

Two varieties of tall fescue were compared with 'Grasslands Ariki' ryegrass as feeds for lactating, and growing catmtle. In three shortterm experimeats the dairy cows grazing the different types of pasture produced similar quantities of milk and in most cases the fat and protein contents did not differ significantly. On the other hand, the exclusion of clover from the grass swards led to a lower milk production. Liveweight gains were consistently higher for yearling cattle grazing Ariki ryegrass compared with the two fescue swards. The invitro digestibility of S170 was lower than the value for G4710 but because of the high clover content of the S170 pastures animal performance was similar.

An examination of metabolisable energy requirements of lactating dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
R.M. Kirkland ◽  
F.J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Factorial Approach ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Efficiency Factors

The present energy rationing system used in the U.K., the metabolisable energy (ME) system (AFRC, 1990), is an empirical model incorporating a factorial approach to estimate the requirements of animals. Axiomatically, when this approach is adopted each component of the system must be accurately determined. Recent studies at this Institute using regression techniques have indicated that ME requirements for maintenance (MEm) are greater than that predicted using the equations of AFRC (1990), while the efficiency of use of ME for lactation (kl) is in line with the latter predictions (Kirkland and Gordon, 1999). There is a paucity of recent data relating to the efficiency of use of ME for tissue gain during lactation (kg), and the efficiency of use of body tissue for milk production (krl). The objective of the present study was to use regression techniques with data obtained from several recent calorimetric trials at this Institute to predict the MEm and efficiency factors of lactating dairy cows offered different diet types.

The use of regression techniques on calorimetric data to estimate the metabolisable energy requirements of lactating dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
T. Yan ◽  
F. J. Gordon ◽  
R. E. Agnew ◽  
M. G. Porter ◽  
D. C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Calorimetric Data ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

The metabolisable energy (ME) requirement for maintenance (MEm) can be determined by measuring the fasting metabolism of the non-lactating cow, but this approach cannot encompass any differences in maintenance metabolic rate between lactating and non-lactating animals. The MEm and efficiency of ME use for lactation (k1) can also be estimated by regression of energy outputs against ME intake (MEI). During 1992 to 1995, a total of 221 Holstein/Friesian lactating dairy cows, which were offered grass silage-based diets, were subjected to gaseous exchange measurements in indirect open-circuit respiration calorimeters. The objective of the present study was to use these data to predict the MEm and k1 by a range of regression techniques for lactating dairy cows offered grass silage-based diets.

Effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Holstein dairy cows in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
A. Heravi Moussavi ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
T. Vafa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Reproduction and milk production are the principal factors that are influencing dairy farm profitability. The dairy industry in Iran has changed dramatically in the last decade. The shift toward more productive cows and larger herds in Iran is associated with a decrease reproductive efficiency (Heravi Moussavi et al., 2004). Increased knowledge about the principal causes of reduced fertility is essential. The root cause of the declining fertility is probably a combination of a variety of physiological and management factors that have an additive effect on reproductive efficiency. Dairy cattle are inseminated and pregnancy is established while dairy cows are lactating. Based on the analyses of large datasets, there is clearly an antagonistic relationship between milk production and reproduction in dairy cattle (Lucy, 2001). It was shown that the hazard ratio for cumulative first 60-day milk yield and conception in high producer cows was 8 percent less than the others and also high milk yield was a risk factor for several reproductive disorders (Grohn and Rajala-Schultz, 2000). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

Rice water in feeding of Holstein dairy cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
Teimouri Yansari A. ◽  
R. Valizadeh ◽  
A. Nasserian
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Rice Water

Nearly 2.4 million tons of rice is consumed by Iranian(37kg/person/year). Generally, in rice cocking process the grain is boiled and drained and a large volume of rice water is produced. Rice water is content of 5%DM, 0.43% CP, 3.75% NFE and almost 2 Mcal/KgDM gross energy. This liquid as a product of drained processing can be utilized in animal feeding (Valizadeh et al. 2000). Two studies carried out to evaluated the differences levels of rice water and its effects on milk production, rumen and blood metabolites of dairy cows.

The influence of parity on lactation curve coefficients in dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
N. C. Friggens ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
R. F. Veerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Ad Libitum

There are marked differences between heifers, 2nd parity and older cows in their lactation curves, even when they are offered high quality rations ad libitum. These differences indicate different energy requirements, and thus should be taken into account when formulating rations for the different parities. The objective of this study was to quantify how the pattern of milk production relative to time from calving is affected by parity for incorporation into energy requirement predictions.

Physiological and genetic differences between low and high index dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Lucy ◽  
B. A. Crooker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
High Index ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Days Open

AbstractSelection of dairy cattle for increased milk production has decreased some indices of reproductive efficiency. For example, days open are increased by one day for every 100 kg of increased milk yield per lactation. Some of the change in days open can be explained by delayed onset of oestrous cyclicity and lower conception rate to artificial insemination in cows with greater milk production. Despite these negative associations between milk production and reproduction, reproduction in herds of high producing dairy cattle is not necessarily compromised relative to reproduction in herds of low producing dairy cattle. This is because there is a large environmental effect on dairy reproduction. High producing herds generally have better management and better oestrous detection. Therefore, high producing dairy herds may partially overcome the antagonistic relationship between milk production and reproduction. Physiological mechanisms that lead to poorer reproduction in high producing cows are partially defined. Negative energy balance that occurs in high producing dairy cows can be associated with a delay in the initiation of ovarian cycles and the interval to first breeding. Many of the effects of negative energy balance on postpartum reproduction can be explained by decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) that is associated with negative energy balance. Serum LH increases as cows move toward positive energy balance and greater LH stimulates growth and ovulation of ovarian follicles. We have initiated studies to address physiological differences in high and low index dairy cows. The reproductive endocrinology of cows from a control line (5,900 kg milk/lactation) and a select line (10,900 kg milk/lactation) of dairy cows at the University of Minnesota was studied over a two-year period. Cows in Year 1 were similar for serum concentrations of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and oestradiol (preovulatory period). In both years, serum concentrations of progesterone during luteal phases, however, were decreased in select cows. The Year 2 cows also had a delay in the return to oestrous cyclicity that was associated with reduced LH. The possibility that decreased progesterone causes infertility in dairy cows will require further study. Collectively, these data suggest that changes in blood progesterone concentrations may explain, partially, lower fertility in high index dairy cows.

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