Effect of establishment method on field performance of Stylosanthes guianensis lines

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
KW Miles
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Direct Seeded

Forage genotypes are often tested in evaluation trials established with transplanted seedlings or cuttings, whereas commercial pastures are usually direct seeded. Eleven Stylosanthes guianensis accessions were established by direct seeding (DS), transplanted seedlings (TS), or transplanted rooted stem cuttings (RC) in a space-planted field experiment to determine the effect of establishment method (EM) and particularly the magnitude of the genotype-establishment method (G-EM) interaction for dry matter forage yield, plant height and radius, and flowering abundance. Data were taken on 12 harvest dates covering 1 18 weeks from field planting. The large initial EM differences for yield (60.9, 99.4, or 92.7 g/ plant for DS, TS, or RC, respectively, at first harvest) diminished rapidly. The deviation of DS mean yield from the experiment mean increased linearly from the second to the 12th harvest, while that of TS decreased. EM effect on plant size closely paralleled that of yield. Initial EM differences in flowering abundance (RC > TS > DS) disappeared by 42 weeks from planting. While a significant G-EM effect was detected at some harvest dates, this was invariably much smaller than genotype or EM effects and did not materially affect genotype ranking. At 138 weeks following field planting, diameter of the largest root below 7 cm depth was greatest for DS while RC had the greatest number of roots. Agronomic evaluation of S. guianensis genotypes should not be greatly affected by EM when a common EM is used for all genotypes and when plants are allowed to establish well in the field before evaluation commences.

scholarly journals 621 Optimizing Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Petal and Pigment Yield

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 504C-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Bosma ◽  
John Dole ◽  
Niels Maness
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Pigment ◽  
Pigment Extraction ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
African Marigold ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L ◽  
Flower Pigments ◽  
Orange Color

Marigold flower pigments can be extracted and used as a natural source of food colorants in the poultry and dairy industry. These pigments impart an orange color to egg yolks and a yellowish color to dairy products. We examined four African marigold cultivars for their ability to be commercially grown and harvested mechanically. `E-1236' yielded the highest quantity of lutein (22 kg/ha), a carotenoid pigment, using a spectrophotometer for quantification. `E-1236' and `A-975' were the earliest flowering cultivars, 11 June 1998 for transplants and 9 July 1998 for direct-seeded, at 8 weeks after sowing regardless of field establishment method. `E-1236' produced the greatest number of flowers in a production season, both as transplants (68 flowers/plant) and direct-seeded (57 flowers/plant) at 363,290 plants/ha. Transplants resulted in two more harvests in a single season than direct-seeded plants. Subsequently, more flowers and petal material were produced for pigment extraction than with direct-seeded plants. A one-time application of ammonium nitrate (28.02 kg/ha) at mid-season did not significantly effect flower number, flower weight, or pigment yield. Experiment was repeated in 1999 with four cultivars, two field establishment methods, seven harvest dates, and five nitrogen applications.

scholarly journals Seeding rates of Ubon Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) affect plant population density, growth and dry matter yield

1969 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Jorge Olivares ◽  
Elide Valencia ◽  
Rafael Ramos-Santana
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Growth Vigor

Agronomic characteristics of Ubon Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis; var. vulgaris x var. pauciflora) were studied during the establishment period while evaluating the effects of four seeding rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 kg/ha) of Ubon Stylo seed (95% germination rate) on the population density of emerged plants, growth vigor (measure of plant height every three weeks), dry matter (DM) yield and botanical composition (proportions of Ubon Stylo and weeds) at a cutting 98 days post-seeding. Seeding rates were achieved with a calibrated seeder. Significant differences were found between seeding levels for density of emerged plants, which Increased from 18 to 89 per square meter upon Increasing seeding levels from 5 to 20 kg/ha. There was no significant Interaction of seeding level x week post-seeding on plant height. Increments In height with time followed either a quadratic or a logarithmic pattern at the different seeding levels; heights of 80 cm being reached at the 10 to 20 kg/ha levels. Seeding level also affected (P<0.05) DM yield and botanical composition. A relative Increase of 47% (2,900 kg/ha DM) resulted from increasing the amount of seed used from 5 to 10 kg/ha. The proportion of Ubon Stylo in the harvested biomass at the four successive seeding rates was 61, 84, 84 and 87%. In conclusion, the use of 10 kg/ha of Ubon Stylo seed resulted in satisfactory establishment of this legume in terms of the characteristics evaluated of density and composition of the plant population, plant height and forage yield.

Initial Observations on Cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz) Establishment and Adaptability in the Rio Grand Valley

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 605B-605
Author(s):  
D. J. Makus
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Field Setting

Four cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions were received from the USDA, ARS Plant Introduction Station in Mayaguez, PR on 16 Jan. 1996. The next day the 15- to 20-cm-long cuttings were propagated individually in 1-gal. pots containing Metro Mix No. 4 for 10 weeks before field setting into a transition Hidalgo-McAllen fine sandy loam soil on a USDA, APHIS site near McCook, Texas. Three plant establishment methods, control (no soil amendment), addition of 15 Mt bagasse/ha, or 50 kg cross-linked polyacrylamide/ha into the planting trench were evaluated. The 2 × 1.2 m spacings on 15-cm-high beds provided 4036 plants/ha. Plants received a total of 35.8 cm of water between field planting and harvest (230 days). Mid- and late-season soil moisture (kg/m3) at 38 cm depth only was lowest in soil containing bagasse. Establishment method had little or no effect on plant size, leaf nutrients, leaf pigment concentrations, root dry matter, or root yield. Accessions differed in many of these attributes except root yield, the means of which ranged from 5 to 9 Mt/ha. Only roots survived an air temperature of -5.4 °C on 19 Dec.

Dry matter partitioning as influenced by drip irrigation and fertigation levels in direct seeded scented rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2667-2669
Author(s):  
Samarth Tewari ◽  
Gurvinder Singh ◽  
Avikal Kumar ◽  
Narendra Bhandari ◽  
Saurabh Gangola
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Direct Seeded

EVALUATION OF ALFALFA CULTIVARS FOR REACTION TO CROWN AND ROOT ROT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MICHAUD ◽  
C. RICHARD
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Disease Free

Fourteen alfalfa cultivars were grown for 2 yr at three locations and evaluated for forage dry matter yield and crown and root rot. Significant differences were found among cultivars for dry matter yield. All cultivars were affected by crown and root rot, most cultivars showing between 20 and 30% of infected tissues. Differences were observed among as well as within the cultivars for disease severity. The frequency of disease-free plants was less than 1.3% of the plants evaluated. Correlation between root rot index and forage yield was −0.87 [Formula: see text] when data were pooled over years and locations.Key words: Lucerne, root rot, cultivar, yield

Influence of irrigation intervals on dry matter yield, concentration of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in Lablab purpureus and Sorghum almum fodder in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
I.R. Muhammad ◽  
B. Abdullahi ◽  
A.K. Mohammed ◽  
R.J Tanko ◽  
M.S. Kallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Mean Concentration

Irrigation trials were conducted in the late dry season (March to June) with Lublab (Lablab purpureus) and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (IDM/ha), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus(P) in dual-purpose lablab bean and Sorghum almum at 3 irrigation schedules (5, 7 and 10 days irrigation interval). The results obtained showed dry matter yield in lablab increased (P<0.05) and varied from 1.7 to 11.7 IDM/ha. Calcium and P concentrations differed significantly (P<0.05). Mean CP for the lablab was 15.57%. Dry matter yield obtained for Sorghum almum varied (P<0.05) from 11.07 to 19.6 tDM/ha. Concentration of CP and Ca rose and declined thereafter with a mean concentration of 9.86% for CP und 0.08% for Ca while P declined consistently (P<0.05). Intervals of irrigation days had a relationship (P<0.05) with DM/ha, Ca and P in lablab. The increasing trend in foruye yield with increased irrigation interval showed optimum irrigation interval was not attained. It is therefore recommended that longer irrigation intervals be tried to determine the optimum irrigation interval after which forage yield would be depressed due to moisture stress. From the results of the present study Sorghum almum and lablab would be grown successfully at a 10-day irrigation interval. 

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

scholarly journals 'Necton' suIla - A preliminary agronomic evaluation

1990 ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Hari Krishna ◽  
Peter D. Kemp ◽  
The Late Sally D. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Hedysarum Coronarium ◽  
One Year

'Necton' sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a perennial forage legume with potential to provide high quality, non-bloating feed. This trial examined the effect of grazing intensity and frequency on sulla over one year. Annual dry matter yields ranged from 7.4 to 18.0 t/ha. There was no difference in the yield of hard and lax-grazed plots but grazing in late autumn significantly decreased plant density and yield. Keywords 'Necton', sulla, legume, grazing management

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of hay from sorghum-sudangrass hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e95991110508
Author(s):  
Hosnerson Renan de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Ingrid Thalia Prado de Castro ◽  
Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽  
Luiza Maria Gigante Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
High Forage

The objective was to evaluate agronomically nine sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and the nutritive value of their respective hays. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme, with three replications. Three cuts were made: 42 days after germination, 29 days after regrowth, and 28 days after the second regrowth. All hybrids showed a higher number of plants ha–1 (P < 0.05) in the second cut. For the green matter and dry matter production of the hays, the values ranged from 49.16 to 62.07 t ha–1 and 9.07 to 11.43 t ha–1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, mineral matter, or ether extract. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 810, 1013016, and 1624F016 showed higher values of crude protein (CP) of 16.49, 16.17, 16.08, and 15.88%, respectively. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 802, 1013021, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006 presented lower levels of NDF (60.57, 60.74, 62.15, 62.37, 62.58, and 64.70%, respectively). The hybrids BRS 802, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006, stood out above the others, presenting high forage yield and adequate nutritive value (CP content >13% and NDF content <65%).

scholarly journals Influence of Genotype, Site, and Year on Maize Nutritive Value – Yield Relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
J. Hakl ◽  
R. Loučka ◽  
J. Jirmanová ◽  
V. Jambor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Maize Genotype

Abstract Maize genotype selection represents a practical tool influencing forage yield and quality. The main objective was to investigate the contribution of genotype, site, and year to variability of maize yield and quality in the environment of Central Europe. Totally 63 maize genotypes at 11 sites over a 7-year period were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), dry matter content (DM), starch, cob, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), in situ digestibility of stover NDF (NDFD), and organic matter (OMD). The genotype showed the highest variability from all factors where stover NDFD varied from 261 to 529 g kg-1 and stover OMD from 376 to 609 g kg-1. In contrast to the whole-plant, variability of stover traits was more closely related to NDF than the DM content. Under standardized plant DM, all tested factors were significant and allowed interpretation of 70 and 60% of total variation of yield and quality for stover and whole plant, respectively. The average contributions of genotype, site, and year were 30, 7, and 5%, respectively. For variability in plant productivity and nutritive value, the importance of maize genotype selection was more than two times higher than the contribution of environment.

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