Dry matter accumulation and changes in forage quality during primary growth and three regrowths of irrigated winter cereals

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Cutting Regimes

Selected cultivars of oats (3), barley (2), wheat (3), cereal rye (1) and triticale (3) were grown under irrigation at Trangie, N.S.W., in 1978 and 1980. Dry matter accumulation and changes in the moisture, nitrogen and phosphorus content and dry matter digestibility of forage were monitored at intervals of about 21 days during uninterrupted primary growth (June-September 1980). In a split-plot design the crops were cut at 80 days, 80 and 122 days, and 80, 122 and 164 days after sowing. Regrowth was sampled on two or three occasions to determine dry matter yield and quality. Most cultivars accumulated 16-20 t/ha of dry matter by the end of sampling in late September; cereal rye only yielded 14 t/ha. Early maturing Minhaffer oats produced the highest yield when uncut but regrew poorly after cutting. Under a 42-day cutting interval oats and barley yielded 12-13 t/ha, winter wheat yielded 10-11 t/ha and triticale yielded 10-1 2 t/ha. The nitrogen and phosphorus content of all forages decreased linearly during primary growth. Oats and wheat had similar digestibilities and these began to decrease rapidly 40-50 days before head emergence (mid-August). The early maturing barley and triticale cultivars had lower digestibilities than oats. Regular cutting maintained the nitrogen content and digestibility of all cultivars above 2.7% and 72% respectively. Dry matter accumulation was described by mathematical equations which allowed cultivars to be compared under different cutting regimes. They also allowed dry matter and digestible dry matter yields from different systems of cutting to be predicted for irrigated cereals in western New South Wales.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MEADOW FOXTAIL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. J. VAN ADRICHEM ◽  
J. N. TINGLE
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
N Rates

The effects of spring-applied nitrogen (0, 56, 112 and 224 kg/ha) and phosphorus (0 and 27.4 kg/ha) on the dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality of successive harvests of meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) were investigated. Nitrogen increased DM yield, crude protein, Cu, K and Zn contents and decreased P, Ca, Mg and Mn contents. Application of P in combination with N increased K content in the first cut and arrested the decline of P content due to N application in all cuts. The levels of dry matter digestibility and Cu declined in successive cuts whereas Mn content increased. At low N rates, Ca and Mg contents increased as the season advanced.

THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF PLANT PARTS OF ORCHARDGRASS CLONES WITH ADVANCING STAGES OF MATURITY

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
J. E. Winch
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Early Maturing

The in vitro dry matter digestibility (I.V.D.) of the stem and total leaf fractions of four orchardgrass clones was similar at the preheading stage. Even at 100% head emergence, differences in I.V.D. between stems and living leaves were not great with the early-maturing clones. However, wide differences existed between the values for stems and living leaves in mature plants. Heads were only slightly higher than stems in digestibility.Leaf digestibility was lower for those leaves dead or even partially dead. Nevertheless, in mature plants, dead leaves were higher in I.V.D. than heads or stems. Large differences occurred among clones in stem digestibility. However, the variability among clones in leaf digestibility was small.

Varietal differences in in vitro dry matter digestibility in Setaria, and the effects of site, age, and season

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Hacker ◽  
DJ Minson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Flowering Behaviour ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Cutting Regimes

Six Setaria introductions were grown in small plots at three sites differing in soil type and location in south-eastern Queensland, and fertilizer and irrigation water were applied at similar rates. All plots of each introduction were genetically identical. Three different cutting regimes were imposed, such that at 12-week intervals during the 2 years of the experiment 4, 8, and 12-week regrowth was available for comparison of in vitro dry matter digestibility. There was an overall difference in digestibility between varieties of 6.6 percentage units, and the ranking order was usually the same for all sites, seasons, and ages of regrowth. Three of the introductions were consistently superior to cv. Nandi, the only commercial cultivar included in the present study. The two Setaria splendida introductions ranked second and sixth, although they were both higher in ash concentration than the other introductions, and this was associated with high potassium content. Differences between varieties in digestibility were not associated with flowering differences, despite large differences in flowering behaviour. The maximum mean difference between sites was 4.9 units and this was associated with differences in ash content. Difference in ash content, however, accounted for only 23% of the digestibility difference. The high ash content was associated with high concentrations of potassium. There was no association between nitrogen content and digestibility. The introduction lowest in digestibility had the highest nitrogen content. Digestibility was higher in winter than in summer at all sites, and the extent of this difference increased with age of regrowth. Higher digestibilities were obtained in younger regrowth.

Environmental pH influences growth and tissue chemistry of the submersed macrophyte Vallisneria americana

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grisé ◽  
John E. Titus ◽  
Daniel J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vallisneria Americana ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tissue Calcium ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen ◽  
Freshwater Macrophyte ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Tissue Chemistry

Wild celery (Vallisneria americana, Hydrocharitaceae) is a common submersed freshwater macrophyte rarely reported from lakes with pH below 6. Plants grown in a greenhouse on a uniform sediment within pH-controlled tanks all survived 60 days at pH 5 but showed reduced dry matter accumulation (by 76%), leaf area (by 79%), and rosette and winter bud production (by 44 and 63%, respectively) compared with plants grown at pH 7.5. The sensitivity of this plant to only moderate acidity did not differ for plants in water acidified to pH 5 by a combination of H2SO4 and HNO3 or by HCl, indicating that the former acids exerted no fertilizing effects to counter the detrimental influence of acidification. Tissue nitrogen and phosphorus levels were well above the critical concentrations previously reported for this species. Tissue calcium and manganese concentrations showed no clear relationship to treatment pH. Both aluminum and iron levels in tissues were twofold to threefold higher for the smaller plants grown at pH 5 (means of 1970 and 3090 μg/g, respectively), suggesting that metal toxicity may have caused growth reduction at low pH.

Photosynthetic attributes and seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by different levels and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thavaprakash ◽  
G. Senthilkumar ◽  
S. D. Sivakumar ◽  
M. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

A field experiment was conducted at the Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India, on medium black soils during the kharif (wet) season of 1999. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with varying N/P ratios (0.67 to 2.00) along with a control with a constant level of potassium (60 kg ha-1). The results revealed that the number of green leaves plant-1, the dry matter accumulation in the leaves, leaf area (dm2 plant-1) and leaf area index (LAI) increased up to the flowering stage (65 DAS) and thereafter declined. In the early stages (seedling and button stages) there was no significant variation with respect to the number of green leaves plant-1 among the treatments except in the control. Similarly, leaf area and LAI did not vary at the seedling stage. Treatments receiving N/P ratios of ?1.0 or 1.0 with higher doses of nitrogen (120 kg N ha-1) gave a significantly higher number of green leaves plant-1, leaf area and LAI as compared to N/P ratios of <1.0 and the control in later stages. The dry matter accumulation in the leaves (g plant-1) differed in all the stages, but higher values were recorded in these same treatments. Thus, due to the higher number of green leaves, higher LAI and greater dry matter accumulation in the leaves, the treatments with an N/P ratio of ?1.0 or 1.0 with 120 kg N ha-1 produced higher seed yields (3188 to 3554 kg ha-1) than other N/P ratios (2761 to 3009 kg ha-1). The highest yield (3554 kg ha-1) was recorded with an N/P ratio of 1.0 in the treatment receiving 120 kg N and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1. The correlation coefficients between these photosynthetic attributes and seed yield were also positive and significant.

Summer forages under irrigation. 4. The growth and mineral composition of forage legumes

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
New South ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Prostrate Growth

Summer forage legumes from the species Vigna unguiculata, Macroptilium lathyroides, Lablab purpureus, Arachis hypogaea and Glycine max were grown under irrigation at Trangie, New South Wales. Dry matter accumulation and plant development were recorded in primary growth and three subsequent regrowths. Plant fractions were analysed for nitrogen, sulfur and sodium during primary growth. In primary growth lablab produced the highest dry matter yield of 14 t/ha. This was attributed to very late flowering (110 days) and woody stems able to support this bulk. In contrast, cowpea lodged after producing 7 t/ha. Soybean produced 10 t/ha of dry matter but rapid leaf abscission detracted from its forage potential. Phasey bean was an excellent species under a 6-week cutting regime, yielding 10 t/ha from four cuts. In contrast to other species, it branched rapidly and extensively from basal buds. The basal branching and prostrate growth habit of peanut enabled it to yield 9 t/ha from three cuts. The leaves of all species contained over 3% nitrogen; mature stems had only half this concentration. Phasey bean and cowpea had much higher sodium contents (1040 and 1535 ppm at 10 weeks) than lablab (335), peanut (80), and soybean (165), the latter three being below recommended levels for animal production. All species contained satisfactory levels of sulfur (0.21, 0.30, 0.20, 0.18 and 0.17% in phasey bean, cowpea, lablab, peanut and soybean, respectively, at 10 weeks).

A comparison of the nutritional value of spear grass (Heteropogon contortus)-dominant pastures and Urochloa grass (Urochloa mosambicensis)

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Playne
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Balance ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Both spear grass and Urochloa grass were cut at six intervals between January and October, near Townsville, Queensland, and the herbages, which ranged in age from 37-296 days, were fed to sheep indoors to compare voluntary dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, and intake and retention of nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus. The dry matter intake and intake of digestible dry matter of Urochloa were greater than those of spear grass but dry matter digestibilities were similar at the same stage of growth. After mid-March, voluntary intake of digestible dry matter of both pasture species by the sheep was less than the amount needed to meet energy requirements. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher in Urochloa than in spear grass, but the reverse applied to sulphur. Sheep were in negative nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus balance after early March, even though both grasses had been fertilized with superphosphate.

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