Growth and carcass characters of the South Australian Merino and its crosses with the Booroola and Trangie Fertility Merino

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 750 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
RW Ponzoni ◽  
JE Stafford ◽  
IN Cutten ◽  
RJ Grimson
Keyword(s):  
Strain Differences ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
The South ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
F Gene ◽  
One Year ◽  
Australian Merino

South Australian Merino (M) and highly fecund Booroola (B) and Trangie Fertility (TF) Merino strain rams were mated to M ewes to produce M, B x M and TF x M progeny. At 4-5 months of age (24-kg slaughter group), TF x M and M lambs were heavier than B x M lambs (25.3 and 24.8 kg respectively, v. 228 kg). Similar proportional strain differences were observed at 14-1 5 months of age (38-kg slaughter group), except that, in one year, no difference was observed between the M and B x M strains, resulting in a strain x year interaction (P<0.05). When adjusted for age, TF x M carcasses were heavier than those of B x M at the first slaughter and heavier than those of B x M and M strains at the second slaughter. B x M and TF x M strains had the same fat depths and eye muscle areas, when compared at the same age, but B x M had greater fat depths and larger eye muscle areas than TF x M, relative to carcass weight; values for M were less than those of B x M and TF x M, with and without carcass weight as a covariate. Similarly, ranking of the strains did not change for carcass length, leg length and depth of thorax with and without carcass weight as a covariate. Carcasses of M lambs were longer than those of B x M, TF x M being intermediate. No differences were observed among progeny of FF and + + Booroola sires for the 12 variables measured. We conclude that carcasses of B x M and TF x M high fecundity cross Merino strains have greater depths of fat at both the same age and same carcass weight than those of the South Australian Merino, and suggest that the effect of the Booroola F gene on the characters measured is negligible. The implications of the results to the sheep industry are discussed.

A note on the effect of the F gene on wool production and live weight of Booroola × South Australian Merino rams

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Ponzoni ◽  
M. R. Fleet ◽  
J. R. W. Walkley ◽  
S. K. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Australian Merino ◽  
Staple Length

ABSTRACTThe effect of the high fecundity Booroola Merino gene (F) on wool production and live weight of Booroola x South Australian Merino rams classified as being offspring of FF, F+ or ++ Booroola sires was investigated. The characters studied were: greasy fleece weight in lambs, hogget (approx. 15 months old) greasy fleece weight and the associated scouring yield, clean fleece weight, fibre diameter, staple length and wool style; birth weight and live weight gains from birth to weaning in September (3 months of age), from September to the following March, and from March to September. There were no significant differences among sire genotypes in the characters studied. The results suggest that the F gene had no undesirable pleiotropic effects on wool and live-weight traits.

Lamb carcass characteristics. 2. Estimation of the percentage of saleable cuts for carcasses prepared as 'trim' and traditional cuts using carcass weight, fat depth, eye muscle area, sex, and conformation score

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
JSA Wotton ◽  
DJ Gamble ◽  
WR Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Shoulder Blade

Carcass data were obtained for 172 lambs (86 ewes, 86 cryptorchids) of hot carcass weight (HCW) 16.2-28.7 kg and fat depth at the GR site (12th rib) 5-21 mm. Of these, 85 carcasses (42 ewe, 43 cryptorchid) were prepared into the full range of boneless, heavily trimmed cuts ('trim' lamb) and the remaining 87 (44 ewe, 43 cryptorchid) into traditional, trimmed bone-in cuts. Two methods of determining M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum area (EMA) produced strongly correlated results (r = 0.94; P<0.001). Conformation score using the EUROP system (1 is best, 5 is worst) was negatively correlated (r = -0.31 to -0.53; P<0.05) with measures of EMA and HCW, which were positively correlated (r = 0.64-0.71; P<0.001). Leg length was positively correlated (r = 0.36-0.76; P<0.001) with measures of EMA and HCW. Models were developed to predict the percentage yield of saleable cuts for carcasses prepared into a range of trim and traditional cuts. These identified GR as the most significant variable, so models based on GR were developed for each yield type. HCW and EMA significantly (P<0.05) improved the accuracy of estimated yield in addition to GR. By contrast, when HCW and measurements of subcutaneous fat depth over the eye muscle (FDC) were combined, EMA was not significant (P>0.05). For estimation of the percentage yield of traditional cuts, conformation score as given by an assessor significantly (P<0.05) improved the accuracy of estimation when combined with HCW and FDC. This model indicates that as conformation score increases, yield increases. Overall in terms of predicting yield, conformation score was of little value when combined with currently used carcass measures. There was a significant (P<0.05) effect of sex on the prediction of yield for 2 combinations of trim cuts that included the eye of loin. Sex also influenced (P<0.05) the prediction of yield based on traditional cuts. Where sex was significant, ewe lamb carcasses had less saleable meat by <0.5-1.0%, depending on yield type. For 4 of the trim cuts (boneless loin, eye of loin, fillet, shoulder blade), EMA added significantly (P<0.05) to the estimation of the proportions of the cuts; at constant carcass weight and fatness as indicated by GR, increases in EMA are predicted to lead to an increase in the proportion of loin cuts and a decrease in shoulder blade. For carcasses prepared into traditional cuts, EMA added significantly (P<0.05) to the estimation of leg, midloin, forequarter, and shank cuts. In all cases the coefficient was positive, indicating that increases in EMA would lead, at constant carcass weight and fatness (GR), to an increase in the proportion of these cuts in the carcass. The amount of variation (R2) explained for the individual trim cuts ranged from 0.08 to 0.72 using models that included independent variables HCW, GR, and EMA, and which accounted for the effect of sex. For traditional cuts the values ranged from 0.28 to 0.79.

Carcass composition of the South Australian Merino and its crosses with the Booroola and Trangie Fertility Merino

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
RW Ponzoni ◽  
JE Stafford ◽  
RJ Grimson
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The South ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Australian Merino

South Australian medium-wool (M), non- Peppin medium-wool Booroola (B) and Peppin medium-wool Trangie Fertility (TF) Merino rams were joined to M ewes at Turretfield Research Centre, South Australia, in 2 years. Carcass composition was assessed in the ewe and wether progeny at 2 mean slaughter liveweights, viz. 24 and 38 kg. When adjusted to the same carcass weight, B x M had 13% more carcass chemical fat, 15% more subcutaneous fat, 6% less bone and the same lean tissue as M. The same result was observed for TF x M in relation to M in year 2. However, TF x M had more lean and the same amount of subcutaneous and chemical fat as M in year 1. Within the Booroola strain, there were no differences between offspring from 3 sires with genotype FF and the 1 sire with + + for any of 5 variables analysed. We conclude that crossing the Booroola with the South Australian Merino produces carcasses with the same amount of lean tissue, less bone and more fat when compared at the same carcass weight. The rank of TF x M with the other strains for the major carcass components remains obscure owing to a strain x year interaction.

D’une hétérotopie à l’autre où le vagabondage au féminin (Jean Echenoz, Un an)

2014 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Simona Jişa
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The South ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Strong Feeling ◽  
Continuous Decrease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Jean Echenoz

Jean Echenoz’s text presents Victoria’s story who runs away from Paris, believing that she has killed her lover. Her straying (that embraces the form of a relative deterritorialization in a Deleuzian sense) lasts one year and it is built up geographically upon a descent (more or less symbolical) to the South of France and, after that, she comes back to Paris and encloses the spatial and textual curl. From a spatial point of view, she turns into a heterotopia (Foucault) every place where she is located, fact that reflects her incapability of constituting a personal, intimate space. The railway stations, the trains, the hotels, the improvised houses of those with no fixed abode are turning, according to Marc Augé’s terminology, into a « non-lieux » that excludes human being. Her vagrancy is characterized through a continuous flight from police and people and through a continuous decrease of her standard of living and dignity. It’s not about a quest of oneself, but about a loss of oneself. Urged by a strong feeling of culpability, her vagrancy is a self-punishment that comes to an end when the concerns of her problems disappear and she finds out that her lover is alive.

The area of eye muscle of beef cattle carcasses

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
The Cross

Variations in the cross-sectional area of eye muscle of carcasses cut between the tenth and eleventh ribs were investigated, using 105 Hereford and 51 Angus steers aged 20 months. These cattle consisted of three groups, born in successive years. At constant carcass weight, statistically significant differences in eye muscle area were found between breeds and between years. Breed and year differences were also found in eye muscle area with width and depth of eye muscle constant, so that there are limitations to the estimation of eye muscle area from width and depth measurements. A nomograph is given for estimating eye muscle area from width and depth for Hereford and Angus cattle, when all animals are reared in the same year and environment. The use of eye muscle area as an indicator of weight of carcass muscle is discussed.

Effect of grain or silage supplementation on meat quality attributes of cryptorchid lambs grazing lucerne or annual grass-clover pastures

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
PJ Holst ◽  
DG Hall
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Objective and subjective tests for quality were performed on the meat from 40 cryptorchid second-cross lambs fed lucerne only (L; n = 8), lucerne plus an oat grain supplement ad libitum (LO; n = lo), lucerne plus wilted lucerne silage ad libitum (LS; n = 11), or an oat-lupin grain (3:1) supplement at 90% of ad libitum while grazing dry summer annual pasture (OL; n = 11). All carcasses complied with the Elite lamb specification of weight >22 kg and GR measurement 6-15 mm. There was no significant difference between groups for hot carcass weight, the mean (� s.e) values being 25.1 0.43, 25.2 � 0.36,25.2 � 0.38, and 25.3 � 0.36 kg for L, LS, LO, and OL groups, respectively. When the GR and fat depth over the eye muscle at the 12th rib were adjusted to a common carcass weight of 25.2 kg there was no significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference between groups for pH, or the colour values a*, b*, and L* of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (a* is relative redness, b* relative yellowness, and L* relative lightness). The shear force values for the loin muscle were significantly (P<0.05) greater for lambs from group OL than for those from group LO. Cooking loss for the loin muscle was significantly (P<0.05) greater for OL lambs than all other groups. A comparison of the mean values for aroma and flavour showed the lambs from group OL produced meat that was considered significantly (P<0.05) less desirable for these characteristics, with other groups being similar. Meat from OL-fed lambs was considered oilier and less meaty than meat from lambs fed the other diets. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in absolute scores between panellists, but their ranking was not affected and there was no panellist x sample interaction. Because many producers use grain supplements such as oats and lupins for finishing lambs on dry forages, further study is recommended that focuses on the interaction between supplement and the base forage.

Blackout: How Long, O Lord, How Long?

2012 ◽  
pp. 419-440
Author(s):  
Maurice N. Eisendrath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
War Effort ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
One Year

This chapter presents a sermon by Maurice N. Eisendrath, delivered on the third Rosh Hashanah of the war. The situation of Canadian rabbis was precariously positioned between those of American preachers to the south and British preachers to the east. Canada, as part of the British Commonwealth, had long been part of the war effort, so the debate over whether or not to enter the war was not an issue, as it still was for colleagues in the United States. On the other hand, Canada was not directly affected by the war as was Britain, where one year earlier London had suffered a sustained air attack unprecedented in its devastation (a situation that certainly affected the mood in Toronto on the previous Rosh Hashanah, as the preacher reminds his listeners). Now, although the battles on the recently opened Eastern Front were of almost unimaginable ferocity, to many Canadians the war seemed distant; life at home seemed almost normal, as it did to many in the United States. This was precisely the mindset that Eisendrath set out to censure.

Ewe nutrition during pregnancy and birthweight of lambs has minimal impact on fat and eye muscle depth in Merino progeny

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Paganoni ◽  
C. M. Oldham ◽  
M. B. Ferguson ◽  
A. N. Thompson ◽  
P. E. Vercoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Australian Sheep

The hypothesis tested in this experiment was that Merino lambs with lower birthweights, due to poor ewe nutrition during pregnancy, would have more fat and less muscle than Merino lambs with higher birthweights. At two sites (Victoria and Western Australia) in each of 2 years, a wide range in the liveweight profiles of ewes was generated during pregnancy and lactation by varying the amount of supplements fed and feed on offer grazed. Progeny had fat and muscle depth at the C-site measured at various ages from 8 to 28 months of age. Across the four experiments, there were differences of 0.5 kg in birthweights and 8 kg in weaning weights between extreme treatments. The effects on the depth of fat and muscle were very small with fat depth increasing by 0.1–0.2 mm (5–7%) and muscle depth increasing by 0.2–0.7 mm (1–3%) when birthweights decreased by 1 kg. The effects of birthweight on fat depth are consistent with our hypothesis whereas the effects of birthweight on muscle depth are in contrast to our hypothesis. Nevertheless, the impacts of birthweight on the depth of fat and muscle measured at the C-site of progeny from Merino ewes, is unlikely to be of any commercial significance within the range of nutritional scenarios during pregnancy and lactation that are likely to be experienced within the Australian sheep industry.

Influences on the loin and cellular characteristics of the m. longissimus lumborum of Australian Poll Dorset-sired lambs

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Greenwood ◽  
J. J. Davis ◽  
G. M. Gaunt ◽  
G. R. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Nutritional Influences ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Improved Pasture

Offspring of 4 Poll Dorset rams differing in eye muscle depth estimated breeding values (EBVs) were studied to determine sire, sex, and nutritional influences on cellular characteristics in the longissimus lumborum muscle. At 12 weeks of age, 62 lambs were individually fed a concentrate diet with or without protected nutrients ad libitum for 120 days while 39 lambs were grazed on improved pasture. Sire influenced the percentages of type 2A and 2B/2X myofibres, but not myofibre number or size. Progeny of the highest eye muscle depth EBV ram had less type 2A and more 2B/2X myofibres than the lowest ranking sire. At equivalent carcass weight, amount of RNA and protein in the longissimus muscle was influenced by sire, consistent with differences in eye muscle depth EBVs. Sex had little effect on muscle cellular characteristics, whereas lambs fed pasture had less type 1 myofibres than those fed concentrates and had less muscle RNA and a higher ratio of protein to RNA. The findings demonstrate differences in m. longissimus lumborum cellular characteristics in offspring of sires differing in muscle EBVs. The extent to which these differences relate to the Carwell muscle hypertrophy gene remains to be determined.

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