Performance of North American and Australian lucernes in the Queensland subtropics. 3. Yield, plant survival and aphid populations in raingrown stands

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Lloyd ◽  
D Gramshaw ◽  
TB Hilder ◽  
DH Ludke ◽  
JW Turner
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Dry Conditions

Twenty-three North American and up to five Australian lucerne lines were evaluated for dry matter yield, plant persistence and aphid resistance at three sites under raingrown conditions in southern Queensland. The experiment at Toowoomba was conducted over 3 years, but those at Mitchell and Biloela were terminated after 1 and 2 years, respectively, because of poor plant survival caused partly by dry conditions. In the subhumid environments at Toowoomba and Biloela, lucerne yield was strongly associated with lucerne population decline. At Toowomba, where there was least confounding with nonordered variation, yield was also positively associated with decreasing winter dormancy. There, persistence (and therefore yield) was associated with resistance to both anthracnose and Phytophthora root rot. No line possessed high levels of combined resistance to these diseases. In the semi-arid environment at Mitchell, the highest yields were obtained from non-dormant lines. Root canker reduced lucerne yield at this site. Large populations of spotted alfalfa aphid developed on susceptible lines and of blue-green aphid on all lines. However, no effects on the dry matter yield or persistence of any lines were measured.

Effect of time of cessation of wet season grazing on Townsville stylo-annual grass pasture at Katherine, N.T

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJT Norman ◽  
LJ Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Townsville Stylo

A Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis)-annual grass pasture at Katherine, N.T., was subjected to a series of treatments in 1969-70 and 1970-71 under which plots were grazed heavily from the beginning of the wet season for a period and then allowed to recover undefoliated for the remainder of the season. The dates at which heavy grazing ceased were spaced at 2-week intervals from November 24 to March 16. At the end of the wet season, total dry matter yield was linearly related to length of recovery period. Townsville stylo yield declined as recovery period was reduced from 18 to 8 weeks, but showed little response to a further reduction to 4 weeks. In contrast, annual grass yield showed little change as recovery period was reduced from 18 to 8 weeks, but fell with a further reduction to 4 weeks. As a result, the proportion of Townsville stylo in the pasture at the end of the season was high with long and short recovery periods but reached a minimum with an 8 - 10 week recovery period. Dry conditions prevailed in the first half of both seasons. The evidence suggests that young Townsville stylo is sensitive to heavy grazing when under water stress, and that early grazing for grass control should be imposed only during periods of active growth.

Performance of North American and Australian lucernes in the Queensland subtropics 2. Yield and plant survival in irrigated stands

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
D Gramshaw ◽  
TM Bowdler ◽  
DH Ludke
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
North American ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Highly Correlated

The yield and plant survival of 23 North American and 5 Australian lucerne lines were assessed at Biloela and Gatton, Queensland, under irrigation over a 40-month period. Total yields ranged from 49 to 72 t/ha at Biloela and from 14 to 47 t/ha at Gatton. The relative performances of lines were similar at each site. The highly winter non-dormant lines were the highest yielding, particularly HS Gen 3 Composite, Matador and CUF 10 1. Semi-dormant lines were generally more productive than nondormant and dormant lines, with Pioneer 581, Falkiner and DeKalb 167 the most productive. Multiple regression analyses showed lucerne yield at both sites to be highly correlated with relative winter dormancy and plant survival. At Gatton, population at establishment, winter dormancy and disease ratings for Phytophthora root rot and anthracnose all influenced survival of lucerne plants, whilst at Biloela establishment population was the only significant factor. The potential commercial impact of lines with reduced winter dormancy and improved resistance to root rot and anthracnose in irrigated stands in south-east Queensland is discussed.

scholarly journals Yield and botanical composition of four dryland pastures at Ashley Dene Research Farm over 8 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Taylor ◽  
Anna Mills ◽  
Malcolm Smith ◽  
Richard Lucas ◽  
Derrick Moot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Spring Yield

Dry matter yield and botanical composition of four grazed dryland pasture types were compared over 8 years in summer-dry conditions at Ashley Dene, Canterbury, New Zealand. The experiment was sown in March 2013 to evaluate cocksfoot (CF)- or meadow fescue/ryegrass hybrid (RG)-based pastures established with either subterranean (Sub) or subterranean and balansa (S+B) clovers. Plantain was included in all pasture types. Perennial ryegrass established poorly on the low soil moisture holding capacity Lismore soil and in Year 2 was re-broadcast into the RG pastures. Despite this, plantain was the main sown species in RG pastures beyond Year 3. Total spring yield was greatest in Year 5 at 6720 kg DM/ha and varied with spring rainfall. Cocksfoot-based pastures had 60% of sown species present in the spring of Year 8, compared with 28% in RG-based pastures. Balansa clover was only present up to Year 5 after a managed seeding event in the first spring. White clover did not persist in the dryland environment past Year 2. Sub clover yield depended on the time and amount of autumn rainfall but contributed up to 45% of the spring yield. Cocksfoot-sub clover pastures appear to be most resilient in this summer-dry environment with variable spring rainfall.

Yield and persistence of irrigated lucernes cut at different frequencies, at Tamworth, New South Wales.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Cutting Interval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Three irrigated lucerne cultivars, Pioneer Brand 545 (winter dormant), Condura 73 Brand (semiwinter dormant), and CUF 101 (highly winter active), were harvested at fixed cutting intervals of either 25, 28 ,35, 42 or 48 days from September to April in each of four years. This paper reports the effects of these cutting frequencies on the dry matter yield, leaf to stem ratio and persistence of these cultivars. The effect of cutting frequency on mean total yield (the sum of the mean yields for each harvest) was significant (P<0.05) in each year of the experiment, except year 3. Yields were highest in the 35-day cutting frequency in years 1 and 2. In the fourth year of the experiment the mean total yield of Pioneer Brand 545 and Condura 73 Brand was 29% higher (P<0.05) than CUF 101. By the fourth year substantial amounts of grass were present in the 25- and 28-day cutting interval plots. The contrasts between dormant and active cultivars for the dry matter yield of each of the individual harvests were not consistent in the first two years. In the third and fourth years the active initially outyielded the dormant cultivars at all cutting intervals, but yields of both were generally similar at the end of the season. Increasing the interval between successive harvests generally decreased the mean leaf to stem ratio. The ratio of leaf to stem for CUF 101 was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that for Pioneer Brand 545, with Condura 73 Brand tending to be intermediate. Within cutting intervals, mean declines in plant persistence were similar for cultivars from the different dormancy groups. Largest changes in plant frequency occurred in the fourth year when the mean frequency for the 25- and 28-day plots decreased from 69 to 12% compared with a mean decline from 74 to 65% for the 42- and 48-day cutting intervals. Productive stand life in this experiment was 3 years, even though disease was negligible. Under these conditions grass invasion was mainly related to harvest interval and much less to cultivar dormancy.

Selection for resistance to Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae in Hunter River lucerne

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Bray ◽  
JAG Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Selection For

Seedlings of lucerne (Medicago sativa) resistant to Phytophthora root rot were isolated from cv. Hunter River by two generations of selection under laboratory conditions. Screening of three-month-old seedlings confirmed the resistance of the selected populations. In the field, when compared with cv. Hunter River, the best population had greater survival, more resistant plants, and twice the dry matter yield.

Interactions of zinc with banded and broadcast phosphorus fertilizer on the dry matter and seed yield of oilseed flax

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
L. D. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
P Application ◽  
Soil Zn

Field experiments at four sites over 3 yr evaluated the effect of banded and broadcast application of fertilizer P, with and without application of Zn on dry matter yield at flowering, and seed yield of flax. Application of P fertilizer increased dry matter yield and seed yield on a number of soils even when crop growth and yield were restricted by extremely dry conditions. Banded P was more effective than broadcast or residual P in increasing flax yields. Increases in yield due to Zn application were infrequent and showed no definite relation to soil Zn or P. Increases in yields with Zn application generally occurred only where P had been broadcast that season or the year before, while decreases in yields with Zn occurred more frequently where P had been banded. The results showed that increases in flax yields in response to Zn application are most likely to occur where P fertilizer is broadcast at relatively high levels or on soils with a history of heavy P application. Key words: P placement, P, Zn, flax, yield, Zn-P interaction

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

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