Short and long term effects of feeding supplements of oats, wheat and lupin grain on the production of ewes lambing in autumn

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (126) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
PA Kenney ◽  
GB Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Difference

Four groups, each of about 40 Border Leicester x Merino ewes due to lamb in May, 1978, were held on bare ground and hand-fed poor quality hay, either alone or with oat, wheat or lupin grain at 270 g dry matter/head.d, from two weeks before until six weeks after lambing. A fifth group of ewes grazed separately on green pasture. After hand-feeding ceased in July 1978, ewes from all five groups grazed together and were re-joined with rams in November-December. Increases in wool production (90-230 g greasy fleece), milk production (9-23 ml/h) and growth of lambs (20-4 1 g/d) resulted from feeding supplements to the hay-fed ewes. Ewes fed oats and lupins performed best and, compared with those fed wheat, produced fewer fleeces with major faults (8 and 12% vs 29%, respectively) and less milk (58 and 62 ml/h vs 49 ml/h, respectively). At the end of hand-feeding, the ewes were 18-23 kg lighter than those that had been at pasture, but by the time joining took place in November-December, the difference was only 4-8 kg. Ewes fed hay alone mated 8-12 d later and lambed 5-9 d later (May 1979) than ewes in all other groups. Also, 6% of the ewes fed lupins or allowed to graze pasture during lambing in 1978 were barren in 1979, compared with 25% of barren ewes in all other treatments. It was concluded that wheat, in contrast to lupins and oats, was an inadequate supplement for lambing ewes consuming only low quality roughage.

Effects of initial N reserve status and residual leaf area after cutting on leaf area and organ establishment during regrowth of alfalfa

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Simon ◽  
M. L. Decau ◽  
J. C. Avice ◽  
A. Jacquet ◽  
F. Meuriot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The One

Nitrogen reserves in remaining organs and residual leaf area after cutting have long been recognized as key factors during alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) regrowth. The present work examined which morphological components were influenced by contrasting initial N status and residual leaf area during 29 d of regrowth after cutting at 15 cm height. Two levels of initial N reserves (high and low) and of residual leaf areas (not or completely defoliated) were combined in four treatments. Both factors affected shoot dry matter (DM) production at the end of regrowth. The increase in DM of new organs observed with high N reserves resulted from a combination of short- and long-term effects on plant morphology; i.e., (1) an increase in the rate of axis appearance from the crown in the early regrowth stage (day 0–9) and (2) an increase in individual leaf area (ILA) all along the regrowth. Compared with completely defoliated plants, plants with a residual leaf area at cutting exhibited an increased rate of axillary stems appearance all along the regrowth. Then the architecture of plants with a residual leaf area was more branched than the one of defoliated plants. This increase in branching was always associated with smaller ILA. Hence, differences in plant leaf area were only significant in the early growth stage. This suggested that differences observed in new stems DM at the end of the regrowth were established by day 9 and remained unchanged in late regrowth. Our results clearly showed that initial N reserve status and residual leaf area both significantly modify the dynamic of leaf area establishment and new organ growth of alfalfa. Key words: Medicago sativa L., defoliation, morphology, N storage, stems regrowth

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

The Neurobiology of Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-414
Author(s):  
Maria Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

Management of competition among sellers and its performance implications for business-to-business electronic platforms

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Xingyao Ren ◽  
Xu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Marketing Tactics ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Term Performance

Purpose – This paper aimed to analyze the short- and long-term effects of the breadth and depth of seller competition on the performance of platform companies, and investigated the underlying mechanisms of customers’ two-sided marketing tactics on the structure of the competition between sellers. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal research design was adopted by gathering daily market objective data on e-commerce platforms for 250 days, and the dynamic evolution effects was analyzed by using a vector autoregression model which compared the differences between the short- and long-term effectiveness of different customer relationship management (CRM) strategies. Findings – The breadth of competition amongst sellers improves the performance of platforms, whilst the depth of competition among sellers has a positive effect on the short-term performance. However, it has a negative effect on the long-term performance of their platforms. In both the short and long terms, advertising tactics that attract new buyers contribute more to increases in the breadth of seller competition than those that attract existing buyers do. Subsidies for new sellers decrease the depth of seller competition more than those for old sellers. Research limitations/implications – Further research could be undertaken to investigate the validity of marketing tactics other than advertising tactics, and thus expand the time windows of the available data. Practical implications – It is imperative for platform companies to implement effective control over seller competition to balance the interests of the sellers and of themselves. Originality/value – The dyadic paradigm of CRM research has been extended by considering the perspective of the electronic platform company, how the tactics of exploitation and exploration of two-sided customers impact upon seller competitive structures have been delved into and why new customers have a unique value to platform companies has been identified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document