Mineral nutrition of soybeans grown in the South Burnett region of south eastern Queensland. 2. Prediction of grain yield response to phosphorus with soil tests

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Moody ◽  
GF Haydon ◽  
T Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
The South ◽  
Equilibrium Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Highly Correlated

Grain yield response of soybean (Glycine max cv. Bragg) to applied phosphorus was measured at 19 experimental sites in the South Burnett region. The soil phosphorus supply factors of quantity, intensity, buffer capacity and rate were estimated by various soil chemical tests, and relative yield [(yield at nil applied phosphorus/maximum yield) x 100] regressed against these tests. The equilibrium phosphorus concentration-the intensity measure-accounted for the greatest percentage variation in relative yield (80%) and at 90% maximum yield was 0.014 �g P/ml. Phosphorus extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2 was highly correlated with the equilibrium phosphorus concentration (r2=0.93) and accounted for 73% of the variation in relative yield. Soil levels of calcium chloride-extractable phosphorus were interpreted as follows: < 0.044 �g P/g, response to phosphorus probable; 0.044 �g P/g to 0.058 �g P/g, response uncertain; > 0.058 �g P/g, response unlikely

Soil phosphorus tests and grain yield responsiveness of maize (Zea mays) on Ferrosols

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody ◽  
T. Dickson ◽  
R. L. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Mitscherlich Equation ◽  
Highly Correlated

The grain yield response of maize (Zea mays) to various rates of applied phosphorus (P) was measured at each of 17 sites in the South Burnett region of south-eastern Queensland. The soils at all sites were Ferrosols. Relative grain yield of the nil applied P treatment [100 × (yield at nil applied P/maximum yield)] was related to Colwell (0·5 M NaHCO3) extractable P (PB), CaCl2-extractable P, and equilibrium P concentration and P buffer capacity calculated from P sorption curves. Of these P measurements, PB was most highly correlated with relative grain yield (R2 = 0·94 for a linear response and plateau fit, R2 = 0·92 for a Mitscherlich fit), and the PB values at 90% maximum grain yield were 20 mg/kg for the linear response and plateau model and 32 mg/kg for the Mitscherlich equation.

Phosphorus nutrition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on Cockatoo Sands of the Ord River Irrigation Area

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Bell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Yield response of field-grown Virginia Bunch peanuts to a range of soil phosphorus levels, determined using 0.5M NaHCO3 extractant, in the top 10 cm of the soil profile was evaluated on Cockatoo Sands of the Ord River Irrigation Area. Critical levels of soil phosphorus (required to attain 90% of maximum yield recorded in fertilized plots) was 7.3 ppm for pods and 7.9 ppm for kernels. Yield increases obtained with higher soil phosphorus status were due to increased pod number and kernel size. Trends in tissue phosphorus concentration in uppermost fully expanded leaves were monitored during the season, and critical concentrations for 90% of maximum pod yield were derived. The critical concentration (0.30% P, dry-weight basis) did not change with time during the vegetative phase of development, but declined in a linear fashion over time during reproductive development, from 0.27% P at 60 days after emergence to 0.12% P at 100 days after emergence.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Date, Seed Treatment, and Cultivar on Plant Population, Sudden Death Syndrome, and Yield of Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1735-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Kiersten A. Wise ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Albert U. Tenuta ◽  
Daren S. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Date Seed

A 2-year study was conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Ontario in 2013 and 2014 to determine the effects of planting date, seed treatment, and cultivar on plant population, sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme, and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max). Soybean crops were planted from late April to mid-June at approximately 15-day intervals, for a total of three to four plantings per experiment. For each planting date, two cultivars differing in SDS susceptibility were planted with and without fluopyram seed treatment. Mid-May plantings resulted in higher disease index compared with other planting dates in two experiments, early June plantings in three, and the remaining six experiments were not affected by planting date. Soil temperature at planting was not linked to SDS development. Root rot was greater in May plantings for most experiments. Resistant cultivars had significantly lower disease index than the susceptible cultivar in 54.5% of the experiments. Fluopyram reduced disease severity and protected against yield reductions caused by SDS in nearly all plantings and cultivars, with a maximum yield response of 1,142 kg/ha. Plant population was reduced by fluopyram seed treatment and early plantings in some experiments; however, grain yield was not affected by these reductions. Yields of plots planted in mid-June were up to 29.8% less than yields of plots planted in early May. The lack of correlation between early planting date and SDS severity observed in this study indicates that farmers do not have to delay planting in the Midwest to prevent yield loss due to SDS; cultivar selection combined with fluopyram seed treatment can reduce SDS in early-planted soybean (late April to mid May).

Interpretation of a single-point P buffering index for adjusting critical levels of the Colwell soil P test

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Soil phosphorus (P) buffer capacity is the change in the quantity of sorbed P required per unit change in solution P concentration. Because P availability to crops is mainly determined by solution P concentration, as P buffer capacity increases, so does the quantity of P required to maintain a solution P concentration that is adequate for crop demand. Bicarbonate-extractable P using the Colwell method is the most common soil P test used in Australia, and Colwell-P can be considered to estimate P quantity. Therefore, as P buffer capacity increases, the Colwell-P concentration required for maximum yield also increases. Data from several published and unpublished studies are used to derive relationships between the ‘critical’ Colwell-P value (Colwell-P at 90% maximum yield) and the single-point P buffer index (PBI) for annual medics, soybean, potato, wheat, and temperate pasture. The rate of increase in critical Colwell-P with increasing PBI increases in the order: temperate pasture < medics < wheat < potato. Indicative critical Colwell-P values are given for the 5 crops at each of the PBI categories used to describe soil P buffer capacity as it increases from extremely low to very high.

Wheat grain-yield response to lime application: relationships with soil pH and aluminium in Western Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Anderson ◽  
Richard Bell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Soil acidity, or more specifically aluminium (Al) toxicity, is a major soil limitation to growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the south of Western Australia (SWA). Application of calcium carbonate (lime) is used to correct Al toxicity by increasing soil pH and decreasing soluble soil Al3+. Soil testing using a 0.01 m calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution can measure both soil pH (pHCaCl2) and soil Al (AlCaCl2) for recommending rates of lime application. This study aimed to determine which combination of soil pHCaCl2 or soil AlCaCl2 and sampling depth best explains the wheat grain-yield increase (response) when lime is applied. A database of 31 historical lime experiments was compiled with wheat as the indicator crop. Wheat response to lime application was presented as relative yield percentage (grain yield for the no-lime treatment divided by the highest grain yield achieved for lime treatments × 100). Soil sampling depths were 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm and various combinations of these depths. For evidence that lime application had altered soil pHCaCl2, we selected the change in the lowest pHCaCl2 value of the three soil layers to a depth of 30 cm as a result of the highest lime application (ΔpHmin). When ΔpHmin &lt;0.3, the lack of grain-yield response to lime suggested that insufficient lime had leached into the 10–30 cm soil layer to remove the soil Al limitation for these observations. Also, under high fallow-season rainfall (228 and 320 mm) and low growing-season rainfall (GSR) (&lt;140 mm), relative yield was lower for the measured level of soil AlCaCl2 than in the other observations. Hence, after excluding observations with ΔpHmin &lt;0.3 or GSR &lt;140 mm (n = 19), soil AlCaCl2 provided a better definition of the relationship between soil test and wheat response (r2 range 0.48–0.74) than did soil pHCaCl2 (highest r2 0.38). The critical value (defined at relative yield = 90%) ranged from 2.5 mg Al kg–1 (for soil Al calculated according to root distribution by depth within the 0–30 cm layer) to 4.5 mg Al kg–1 (calculated from the highest AlCaCl2 value from the three soil layers to 30 cm depth). We conclude that 0.01 m CaCl2 extractable Al in the 0–30 cm layer will give the more accurate definition of the relationship between soil test and wheat response in SWA.

Effect of sowing date on the uptake and utilisation of phosphorus by wheat (cv. Osprey) grown in central New South Wales

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Batten ◽  
N. A. Fettell ◽  
J. A. Mead ◽  
M. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
A Site

Experiments were sown at Cowra and Condobolin to determine the effect of sowing time (April–June) on the response to and utilisation of phosphorus by the wheat cultivar Osprey which requires vernalisation. Crops sown in April needed only 0–2 kg/ha of applied phosphorus to achieve 90% of the maximum yield for the site. This contrasts with crops sown at the traditional sowing time in May–June which needed from 11.5 kg P/ha, on a site with a moderate soil phosphorus status, to 36 kg P/ha, on a site with a very low soil phosphorus status, to produce 90% of the site maximum yield. Crops sown in April had higher yields and even without applied phosphorus accumulated more phosphorus (kg/ha) than crops sown in June with 40 kg P/ha. Crops sown in April had a lower dry matter harvest index, a lower phosphorus harvest index, produced less grain per kilogram of phosphorus in the shoots at maturity, and had a higher grain phosphorus concentration than crops sown in June. Grain protein was not affected by sowing date or the amount of phosphorus applied at sowing. At 90% of maximum dry matter yield shoots had 0.14–0.20% phosphorus at growth stage 30. The critical concentration of phosphorus in grain at 90% maximum grain yield increased with yield from 0.19 to 0.25% phosphorus. Farmers who sow wheat in April can achieve optimum yields with lower inputs of fertiliser phosphorus. However, this benefit will be offset by a lower phosphorus-use efficiency and more rapid depletion of phosphorus reserves from the soil.

Nutrition of irrigated crops on an alkaline brown clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. 1. Lucerne

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus

The elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc were sequentially omitted from a 'complete' fertiliser applied to plots on an alkaline soil, and lucerne (Medicago sativa) was sown immediately afterwards. The dry matter production of lucerne was measured in repeated cuts over 2 years; its mineral composition was determined periodically. In a second experiment 4 rates of phosphorus were applied to a l -year-old stand of lucerne and dry matter production recorded for 1 year. Lucerne yields in the first year were reduced from 17-1 8 t/ha to less than 14 t/ha by omitting phosphorus. Yields universally decreased in the second year as the 50 kg/ha P applied at sowing was depleted through the removal of 40 kg/ha P in forage. Following this depletion a linear yield response up to 80 kg/ha P was found (experiment 2). Omitting phosphorus fertiliser reduced the plant phosphorus concentration from 0.23 to 0.21% when sampled 15 months after sowing. The plant phosphorus concentration decreased with time in all treatments. The available soil phosphorus level decreased from an initial 12 to 6-7 �g/g after 6 months and further to 2 �g/g after 30 months. Fertiliser phosphorus raised the soil phosphorus level but this also was depleted to 2-3 �g/g in 30 months. Omitting zinc reduced the plant zinc concentration. However, neither the omission of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur nor zinc from the fertiliser had any effect on lucerne yields.

Effect of phosphorus fertiliser on the yield of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the prediction of tuber yield response by soil analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
KA Potocky-Pacay ◽  
JM Jacka ◽  
CMJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction ◽  
Bray 1

Field experiments were conducted over 6 years at 33 sites throughout the main potato growing areas of South Australia to examine the effects of applied phosphorus (banded at planting), at rates up to 300 kg/ha, on the total yield and size distribution of tubers and to calibrate, in terms of total yield, 8 soil phosphorus extraction procedures (Colwell, Olsen, Bray 1, Bray 2, Mehlich no. 1, lactate, fluoride and total). Phosphorus application significantly (P< 0.05) increased total tuber yield at 16 sites. The mean relative yield for these responsive sites was 69.7% (range 37.4- 91.2%) compared with 97.5% (range 88.0-102.5%) for the non-responsive sites. Tuber size distributions were determined at 13 sites and, depending on site and cultivar, the yield of 80-450 g tubers for the highest yielding treatments represented from 64.2 to 93.7% of the total yield of tubers for those treatments. For each soil phosphorus extraction procedure the Mitscherlich and Smith-Dolby bent-hyperbola models and the Cate-Nelson separation were used to investigate the correlations between yield response and extractable and total phosphorus in the surface (0- 15 cm) soil samples and to calculate critical values. For loamy sand to sandy clay loam surface soils, the order of efficacy of soil tests based on the coefficients of determination (r2) calculated using the Mitscherlich and Smith-Dolby bent-hyperbola models was Bray 1 and Bray 2 > Olsen > lactate, Mehlich no. 1, fluoride and Colwell. The coefficients of determination ranged from 0.88 (Bray 1) to 0.64 (Colwell) for the Smith-Dolby bent-hyperbola model and from 0.86 (Bray 1) to 0.65 (fluoride) for the Mitscherlich model. Yield response was not correlated with total phosphorus concentration. Using the Smith-Dolby benthyperbola model the critical phosphorus values (s.e. in parentheses) were: 25.8(1.8), 40.9(2.6), l6.8(1.4), 13.9(1.0), 38.4(3.1), 24.2(2.9) and 35.1(3.0) mg/kg for the Bray 1, Bray 2, Olsen, lactate, fluoride, Mehlich no. 1 and Colwell methods, respectively. Yield deficits >20% were associated with phosphorus soil test values t 2 0 mg/kg (Bray 1 method) and P-sorption values >240 mg/kg. Rates of 48-73 kg P/ha banded at planting were required for 95% of maximum yield at the deficient sites. For acid coarse-grain sand surface soils, significant Cate-Nelson separations were obtained for the Colwell, Bray 1, Bray 2, Mehlich no. 1 and fluoride methods, the critical phosphorus values were 7.5, 7.0, 5.5, 6.5 and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively. The order of efficacy of the soil tests was Bray 2 (r2 = 0.66) >Bray 1, Colwell, Mehlich no. 1 and fluoride (all r2 = 0.55). Yield deficits >10% were associated with soil test values t 6 mg/kg (Bray 1 method). Rates of 27-59 kg P/ha banded at planting were required for 95% of maximum yield at the deficient sites. Data are presented which suggest that for similar soil types and extraction procedures critical values or critical concentration ranges may apply across a range of growing conditions, planting times and cultivars.

Soil phosphorus tests II: A comparison of soil test–crop response relationships for different soil tests and wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D. Speirs ◽  
Brendan J. Scott ◽  
Philip W. Moody ◽  
Sean D. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
P Values ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
R Value

The performance of a wide range of soil phosphorus (P) testing methods that included established (Colwell-P, Olsen-P, BSES-P, and CaCl2-P) and more recently introduced methods (DGT-P and Mehlich 3-P) was evaluated on 164 archived soil samples corresponding to P fertiliser response experiments with wheat (Triticum aestivum) conducted in south-eastern Australia between 1968 and 2008. Soil test calibration relationships were developed for relative grain yield v. soil test using (i) all soils, (ii) Calcarosols, and (iii) all ‘soils other than Calcarosols’. Colwell-P and DGT-P calibration relationships were also derived for Calcarosols and Vertosols containing measureable CaCO3. The effect of soil P buffer capacity (measured as the single-point P buffer index corrected for Colwell-P, PBICol) on critical Colwell-P values was assessed by segregating field sites based on their PBICol class: very very low (15–35), very low (36–70), low (71–140), and moderate (141–280). All soil P tests, except Mehlich 3-P, showed moderate correlations with relative grain yield (R-value ≥0.43, P < 0.001) and DGT-P exhibited the largest R-value (0.55). Where soil test calibrations were derived for Calcarosols, Colwell-P had the smallest R-value (0.36), whereas DGT-P had an R-value of 0.66. For ‘soils other than Calcarosols’, R-values >0.45 decreased in the order: DGT-P (r = 0.55), Colwell-P (r = 0.49), CaCl2-P (r = 0.48), and BSES-P (r = 0.46). These results support the potential of DGT-P as a predictive soil P test, but indicate that Mehlich 3-P has little predictive use in these soils. Colwell-P had tighter critical confidence intervals than any other soil test for all calibrations except for soils classified as Calcarosols. Critical Colwell-P values, and confidence intervals, for the very very low, very low, and low P buffer capacity categories were within the range of other published data that indicate critical Colwell-P value increases as PBICol increases. Colwell-P is the current benchmark soil P test used in Australia and for the field trials in this study. With the exception of Calcarosols, no alternative soil P testing method was shown to provide a statistically superior prediction of response by wheat. Although having slightly lower R-values (i.e. <0.1 difference) for some calibration relationships, Colwell-P yielded tighter confidence intervals than did any of the other soil tests. The apparent advantage of DGT-P over Colwell-P on soils classified as Calcarosols was not due to the effects of calcium carbonate content of the analysed surface soils.

Prince Edward Island growers can reduce soil phosphorus buildup while maintaining carrot crop yield

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1401-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Sanderson ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
P Fertilizer

Producers seek to manage the application of nutrients in a manner that maximizes economic crop returns; however, emphasis must now include sensitivity to environmental issues such as increasing soil phosphorus. To address this issue in carrot (Daucus carota L.) production, we studied the effect of soil-applied P fertilizers on yield and soil P content in Prince Edward Island. Six field studies over a 3-yr period evaluated the yield response of carrot on sandy to loamy sand Orthic Podzol soils. Treatments consisted of pre-plant broadcast applied P at 0, 33, 66, 99 or 132 kg ha-1 on sites where residual P levels ranged from 81 to 162 µg P g-1. When the total yield response of carrots to increasing P levels was fitted to a quadratic response curve, 110 kg P ha-1 was required to achieve maximum yield, but an application of as little as 22 kg P ha-1 resulted in 95% of maximum marketable yield. This reduced application rate resulted in a saving of 88 kg P ha-1 and slowed the buildup of soil P levels. Therefore, by applying more conservative amounts of P fertilizer carrot growers can maintain excellent crop yield while reducing the potential for environmental damage caused by the buildup of soil P. Key words: Orthic Podzol soil P, tissue P, fertilizer P, maximum yield, Daucus carota L.

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