Rhizosphere populations of Rhizobium strains and nodulation of Leucaena leucocephala

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
HVA Bushby
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Prairie Soil

Populations of two Rhizobium strains (NGR8 and CB81) in the rhizosphere of Leucaena leucocephala were estimated in field experiments with varying levels of antibiotically marked strains as seed inoculation treatments. The population level varied with soil type and strain of Rhizobium. Multiplication in the rhizosphere was very slow in a prairie soil but was more rapid in a sandy podzolic soil and nodulation was three weeks earlier in the sandy soil than in the prairie soil. Survival of these two strains in soil stored in the laboratory also suggested that they (especially NGR8) were not well suited to the prairie soil. Nodule representation of strain CB81 on the prairie soil decreased from 100% three months after sowing to between 12% and 16% two years after sowing. The results suggest that on this soil indigenous rhizobia form effective nitrogen fixing associations with Leucaena leucocephala and that any improvement in nitrogen fixation will require strains of Rhizobium that are more effective than the indigenous strains and better competitors for nodule formation.

Nodulation of Legumes in the Sudan: Cross-Inoculation Groups and the Associated Rhizobium Strains

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Habish ◽  
Sh. M. Khairi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Physiological Characters

SummaryCross-inoculation tests, based on nodule formation and nitrogen fixation, were made on 21 species of legumes commonly found in the Sudan. The results showed that they may be grouped according to the accepted system of classification, but there were some important inconsistencies in the cowpea group. For instance,Arachis hypogaeaandAcacia spp.have their own strains of Rhizobium. The cultural and physiological characters of the rhizobia studied were generally similar to those known for other species of the organisms.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

scholarly journals Chickpea shows genotype-specific nodulation responses across soil nitrogen environment and root disease resistance categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista L. Plett ◽  
Sean L. Bithell ◽  
Adrian Dando ◽  
Jonathan M. Plett
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background The ability of chickpea to obtain sufficient nitrogen via its symbiotic relationship with Mesorhizobium ciceri is of critical importance in supporting growth and grain production. A number of factors can affect this symbiotic relationship including abiotic conditions, plant genotype, and disruptions to host signalling/perception networks. In order to support improved nodule formation in chickpea, we investigated how plant genotype and soil nutrient availability affect chickpea nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Further, using transcriptomic profiling, we sought to identify gene expression patterns that characterize highly nodulated genotypes. Results A study involving six chickpea varieties demonstrated large genotype by soil nitrogen interaction effects on nodulation and further identified agronomic traits of genotypes (such as shoot weight) associated with high nodulation. We broadened our scope to consider 29 varieties and breeding lines to examine the relationship between soilborne disease resistance and the number of nodules developed and real-time nitrogen fixation. Results of this larger study supported the earlier genotype specific findings, however, disease resistance did not explain differences in nodulation across genotypes. Transcriptional profiling of six chickpea genotypes indicates that genes associated with signalling, N transport and cellular localization, as opposed to genes associated with the classical nodulation pathway, are more likely to predict whether a given genotype will exhibit high levels of nodule formation. Conclusions This research identified a number of key abiotic and genetic factors affecting chickpea nodule development and nitrogen fixation. These findings indicate that an improved understanding of genotype-specific factors affecting chickpea nodule induction and function are key research areas necessary to improving the benefits of rhizobial symbiosis in chickpea.

Studies on compatibility of nitrogen fixation by high-temperature-adapted Rhizobium strains and Vigna radiata genotypes at two moisture levels in calcareous soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai ◽  
V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

SUMMARYRhizobium strains adapted to high temperature, and genotypes of green gram, were used to study the symbiotic N2-fixation in a summer season at two moisture levels in calcareous soil. Different interactions between strains and genotypes were observedatthe two moisture levels. At both moisture levels, strain S4 with the green gram genotype S8 showed the greatest grain yield, nitrogenase activity, leghaemoglobin and ethanolsoluble carbohydrate of nodules.

High-temperature-adaptedAzospirillum brasilensestrains: growth and interaction response on associative nitrogen fixation, mineral uptake and yield of cheena (Panicum miliaceumL.) genotypes in calcareous soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Associative Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

SummaryHigh-temperature-adapted strains RAU 1, RAU 2 and RAU 3 ofAzospirillum brasilenseC 7 were isolated from stepwise transfer to higher temperature (30 to 42 °C). One of the strains (RAU 1) showed more growth, greater nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities at 30 and 42 °C than parental and other temperature-adapted strains. This strain also showed growth and more nitrogenase activity from pH 6·5 to 8·0. Strain RAU 1 showed cross-resistance to penicillin (300/µg/ml) but not to streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin and polymixin B at 30 and 42 °C. It was demonstrated in field plots in calcareous soil that seed inoculation with RAU 1 enhanced mineral uptake of cheena. Inoculation with RAU 1 led to a significant increase in associative nitrogen fixation, dry weight of roots, grain and straw yield of cheena compared with the uninoculated control with or without applied N, but the effect of seed inoculation with high-temperature-adapted strains was variable with different genotypes of cheena.

Systemic control of nodule formation by the plant N demand requires autoregulation dependent and independent mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Pervent ◽  
Ilana Lambert ◽  
Marc Tauzin ◽  
Alicia Karouani ◽  
Martha Nigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Systemic Signaling ◽  
Systemic Control ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Strong Control ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
N Demand

Abstract In legumes interacting with rhizobia the formation of symbiotic organs involved in the acquisition of atmospheric nitrogen is depending of the plant nitrogen (N) demand. We used Medicago truncatula plants cultivated in split-root systems to discriminate between responses to local and systemic N signalings. We evidenced a strong control of nodule formation by systemic N-signaling but obtained no clear evidence of a local control by mineral nitrogen. Systemic signaling of the plant N demand controls numerous transcripts involved in the root transcriptome reprogramming associated to early rhizobia interaction and nodule formation. SUNN has an important role in this control but major systemic N signaling responses remained active in the sunn mutant. Genes involved in the activation of nitrogen fixation are regulated by systemic N signaling in the mutant, explaining why the hypernodulation phenotype is not associated to a higher nitrogen fixation of the whole plant. The control of the transcriptome reprogramming of nodule formation by systemic N signaling requires other pathway(s) that parallel the SUNN/CLE pathway.

Enhancing Soil Fertility through Intercropping, Inoculation and Fertilizer

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Nazir Hussain ◽  
Helge Schmeisky ◽  
Muhammad Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Total Soil N

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of intercropping grass (Panicummaximum) and legumes (Vicia sativa and cowpeas) alone or coupled with inoculation or fertilizer on soilfertility. The study comprised of two field experiments conducted under rain fed conditions for two years(June, 2005 to September, 2007) at National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. In oneexperiment intercropping (33, 50 and 67%) of grass and legumes alone as well as coupled with seedinoculation were studied while, same set of treatments was combined with fertilizer application at the ratesof 25, 75 and 50 kg/ha (N, P2O5 and K2O) in the second experiment. Total soil N increased by 0.008% dueto symbiotic fixation in addition to plant uptake under best treatment when compared with grass alonewhile, soil organic matter increased by 0.19%. After crop harvest soil N content was determined to behigher in all the treatments of the experiment compared with growing grass alone. Legumes caused rhizobialN fixation that caused an increase in soil N. Similarly, intercropping and inoculation increased this soilcharacteristic that was found to be non-significant in the first crop but later on became significant, especiallywhen intercropping of grass with legumes after seed inoculation was investigated or fertilizer wassupplemented to the crops. Thus, not only grass used the symbiotically fixed N by companion legumesbut also enhanced the soil N content. The effect of fertilizer was not measurable statistically in case of soilorganic matter. This parameter, in general, was not affected significantly when assessed after first cropharvest. Nevertheless, legumes alone or intercropped within grass increased this important soil constituent.Inoculation proved further beneficial in this regard but combination of intercropping (especially 67%)either with seed inoculation or application of fertilizer was found as the best technique for increasing soilorganic matter.

scholarly journals Molybdenum supply and biological fixation of nitrogen by two Brazilian common bean cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinne da Silva ◽  
◽  
Vinícius I. Franzini ◽  
Cristiano D. Piccolla ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Common Bean Cultivar ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
15N Isotope Dilution Technique

ABSTRACT The common bean has been considered to have low biological nitrogen fixation capacity; however, this process can be made more effective with molybdenum (Mo) supplementation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Mo rates on the growth and biological nitrogen fixation by two Brazilian common bean cultivars using the 15N isotope dilution technique. The experiment was performed in 2014 in a completely randomized design arranged in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to 5 rates of Mo (control, 40, 80, 120 and 240 g ha-1), the common bean cultivars Aporé, Ouro Negro and NORH-54 (a non-nodulating common bean cultivar), and three replicates. The application of Mo and the inoculation with rhizobia strains contributed to improving nitrogen fixation and grain weight. The cultivar Ouro Negro showed a higher number and weight of nodules and a higher amount of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere than the cultivar Aporé. The biological nitrogen fixation of Aporé was more dependent on the application of Mo. These results indicated that inoculation with Rhizobium strains and Mo supply effectively contributed to biological nitrogen fixation and improving grain production.

scholarly journals Влияние биопрепаратов на рост, развитие и урожайность лопающейся кукурузы

2015 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
С. В. Маслиёв
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Inoculation

Надані результати польових дослідів впливу інокуля-ції насіння біопрепаратами на ріст, розвиток та вро-жайність гібридів розлусної кукурудзи. Встановленаможливість підвищення врожайності та якості про-дукції за рахунок обробки насіння мікробними препара-тами «Діазофіт», «КЛ-9», «Фосфоентерин» + «Діазо-фіт». Наведені дані щодо споживання мінеральних ре-човин та водоспоживання. Рекомендовані норми за-стосування біопрепаратів. Наведено врожайність зер-на розлусної кукурудзи. Зроблений аналіз динаміки відхи-лення в залежності від застосованого препарату. The results of the field experiments of theinfluence of seed inoculation by biologics ongrowth, development and yield of popcorn hybridshave been given. The possibility of yield increaseand product quality by seed treatment withmicrobial preparations as Diazofit, CL-9,Fosfoenteryn + Diazofit has been identified. Thedata on consumption of minerals and water havebeen presented. The rules of the use of biologicshave been recommended. The yield of popcorngrain has been shown. The dynamics of deviationdepending on the used preparation has beenanalyzed.

scholarly journals Efecto de inóculo de Rhizobium en frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Germán Hernández ◽  
Mercedes Sánchez ◽  
Vidalina Toscano ◽  
Nancy Méndez ◽  
Miguel Mullings
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Del Rio

Strains of Rhizobium CR 113; CR 477; CF-1 (equal to CIAT 151); 6bIII; 2bIII and HbI, along with noninoculated and non-nitrogenated treatments – 30 kg/ha N without inoculation and high N, 150 kg/ha N – in three environments in the Pinar del Rio, Matanzas and Holguin provinces were validated in three types of soil: ferrous quartzitic, ferrous red, and non- carbonated brown with a low total nitrogen content (less than 65kg/ha N). The BAT 58 bean variety was used. Production of aerial and nodular dry matter during the development phase (R6), production of aerial dry matter and total nitrogen consumption in the (R8) phase, and bean production in the (R9) phase, were quantified. Results showed a lower significant difference in the treatments without inoculation, as compared to the treatments with high nitrogen content and 30kg/ha N plus seed inoculation. No difference was found between the treatment with high N applications, and the ones inoculated with Rhizobium strains plus 30 kg/ha.

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