Cottonseed meal and molasses as sources of protein and energy for cattle offered low quality hay from pastures of the North Coast of New South Wales

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy ◽  
RD Murison
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
New South ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Basal Ration

Cottonseed meal and molasses, regarded as sources of protein and energy for cattle, were included with a basal ration of low quality pasture hay and fed to beef cattle in an experiment that contained two periods of 50 d each. The hay was made from a pasture consisting predominantly of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). The pasture site was on the North Coast of New South Wales with a subtropical climate and an area where cattle lose liveweight during the winter or cool-dry season. The experiment aimed at determining whether the intake of hay, and liveweight of cattle, could be increased by supplements of either cottonseed meal or molasses or both. The experimental design was based on a response-surface with 12 treatment combinations. Twenty-four Hereford steers, aged about 26 months and having a mean liveweight of 315 � 28 kg were used. They were offered the low quality hay (435 g digestible organic matter (DOM)/kg dry matter (DM); 7.3 g nitrogen (N)/kg DM) in amounts expected to be 15% greater than that eaten. Fixed amounts of the energy supplement (undiluted molasses) were offered in separate containers at 0,0.5, 1.3 and 2.1 kg/d. Cotttonseed meal (930 g organic matter (0M)lkg DM) was added to the hay to raise the N content of the ration from the 7.3 g N/kg DM of the basal ration (A) to 14.1 (B), 19.4 (C) and 25.7 (D) g N/kg DM. Steers on ration C ate 19.3% more hay (P c 0.05) than steers on ration A; steers on rations B and D ate 11.0 and 14.5%, respectively, more hay than steers on ration A ( P < 0.10). Molasses had no significant effect on hay intake, but as did cottonseed meal, it increased steer liveweight. Final liveweight (LW: kg) was a function of the initial liveweight (IW: kg) and of the amount of supplements eaten (kg/d) for both cottonseed meal (CSM) and molasses (Mol). LW = 16.7(+ 11.0) + 5.9(+ 2.0)Mol + 38.3(� 5.6)CSM - 9.2(� 2.0)CSM2 + 0.88(� 0.03)IW; Residual standard deviation � 8.7. N balance, and excretion of N in faeces and urine, were increased (P < 0.05) by cottonseed meal but not by molasses supplements. Liveweight change (LWC: g/d) was a function of N balance (NB: g/d). LWC = - 1 08.3(� 48.0) + 19.7(� 2.1 4)NB; Residual standard deviation � 243. Liveweight change was also a function of the digestible organic matter intake (D0MI:gld) from the total ration. LWC = - 996(� 104) + 0.364(� 0.032)DOMI; Residual standard deviation � 182. The results highlight the limitation to cattle growth imposed by the low N intake from the pasture hay, and a consequent low intake of DOM. They suggest that cottonseed meal is a suitable source of protein for cattle on the North Coast although in districts growing sugar cane economics may favour the use of molasses as an energy source provided that some protein is added to it

Seed production and seedling emergence of Giant Parramatta grass on the north coast of New South Wales

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Andrews ◽  
RDB Whalley ◽  
CE Jones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
The Impact

Inputs and losses from Giant Parramatta grass [GPG, Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. major (Buse) Baaijens] soil seed banks were quantified on the North Coast of New South Wales. Monthly potential seed production and actual seed fall was estimated at Valla during 1991-92. Total potential production was >668 000 seeds/m2 for the season, while seed fall was >146000 seeds/m2. Seed fall >10000 seeds/m2.month was recorded from January until May, with further seed falls recorded in June and July. The impact of seed production on seed banks was assessed by estimating seed banks in the seed production quadrats before and after seed fall. Seed banks in 4 of the 6 sites decreased in year 2, although seed numbers at 1 damp site increased markedly. Defoliation from mid-December until February, April or June prevented seed production, reducing seed banks by 34% over 7 months. Seed banks in undefoliated plots increased by 3300 seeds/m2, although seed fall was estimated at >114 000 seeds/m2. Emergence of GPG seedlings from artificially established and naturally occurring, persistent seed banks was recorded for 3 years from bare and vegetated treatment plots. Sown seeds showed high levels of innate dormancy and only 4% of seeds emerged when sown immediately after collection. Longer storage of seeds after collection resulted in more seedlings emerging. Estimates of persistent seed banks ranged from 1650 to about 21260 seeds/m2. Most seedlings emerged in spring or autumn and this was correlated with rainfall but not with ambient temperatures. Rates of seed bank decline in both bare and vegetated treatment plots was estimated by fitting exponential decay curves to seed bank estimates. Assuming no further seed inputs, it was estimated that it would take about 3 and 5 years, respectively, for seed banks to decline to 150 seeds/m2 in bare and vegetated treatments.

RACE RELATIONS ON THE NORTH COAST OF NEW SOUTH WALES

Oceania ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J. C. Calley
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales

Hepatitis C transmission on the north coast of New South Wales: explaining the unexplained

1997 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J Sladden ◽  
Alan R Hickey ◽  
Thérèse M Dunn ◽  
John R Beard
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales

Eucalyptus fusiformis (Myrtaceae), a new species of Ironbark (in the Informal E. series Paniculatae Pryor et Johnson) from North-eastern NSW.

Brunonia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
DJ Boland ◽  
DA Kleinig ◽  
JJ Brophy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Eucalyptus fusiformis Boland et Kleinig, from the north coast of New South Wales is described. Its taxonomic position is in E. subgenus Symphyomyrtus series Paniculatae following the informal classification of eucalypts proposed by Pryor and Johnson (1971). E. fusiformis is characterised by its flowers, fruits and adult leaves. In the bud the staminal filaments are fully inflected while the androecium has outer staminodes and the anthers are cuboid and adnate. The fruits are narrow, often truncate fusiform, tapering into long slender pedicels. The adult leaves are dull grey, concolorous and hypoamphistomatic. The species resembles the more numerous and often co-occurring ironbark E. siderophloia which has similar adult and seedling leaves. The volatile oils of both species are very similar. The ecology, distribution, taxonomic affinities and conservation status are discussed.

Factors affecting the germination of Giant Parramatta grass

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Andrews ◽  
C. E. Jones ◽  
R. D. B. Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions ◽  
And Control

Summary. Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light and leaf extract solutions on the germination of Giant Parramatta grass [GPG, Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. major (Buse) Baaijens] collected from a population on the North Coast of New South Wales. In the first experiment, seeds were subjected to one of a range of temperature combinations immediately after collection and again after 8 and 27 weeks. Germination was restricted to a narrow range of alternating temperatures with a peak at 35°C day/15°C night when seeds were tested immediately after collection. More seeds germinated when the samples had been stored, although germination remained depressed at constant temperatures. These data indicate that freshly collected GPG seeds are subject to primary dormancy and that few would germinate in the field immediately after seed fall. In a second experiment, seeds were buried beneath leaf litter in a pasture immediately after collection. After 7 months, the seeds were exhumed and subjected to either constant (20°C) or alternating (35/15°C) temperatures in either full light, reduced red:far-red (R : FR) light or dark treatments. Over 95% of GPG seeds germinated when subjected to alternating temperatures, regardless of light treatment. At constant temperatures, 97% of seeds germinated under full light, 59% at reduced R : FR light and <1% in dark treatments. A germination response to alternating temperatures and/or light treatments has been reported in pasture weeds and may be an adaptation to detecting gaps in the pasture canopy. Consequently, the germination of GPG in a pasture may be manipulated to some extent by altering the amount of pasture cover using grazing management, mowing and fertiliser applications. In experiment 3, leaves from a range of coastal grasses were mixed with water and the solutions were used to germinate GPG seeds. Solutions extracted from setaria (Setaria sphacelata) leaves completely inhibited GPG germination while 27% of GPG seeds germinated when imbibed with kikuyu leaf extract solution. Solution extracted from carpet grass (Axonopus affinis) leaves had the least effect on GPG germination. In experiment 4, the effects of solutions that had been leached from the leaves of either setaria or carpet grass on seed germination, and root and shoot lengths of GPG seedlings were compared. Germination was less inhibited by leachate solutions compared with the extract solutions used in experiment 3. Seedlings in setaria leachates had significantly shorter roots and shoots than both those germinated in carpet grass leachates and control seedlings. This may explain, at least in part, why carpet-grass-based pastures are readily infested with GPG while setaria-based pastures are relatively resistant to infestation. The potential for allelopathic interactions between GPG and setaria to be fully utilised to reduce the abundance of GPG in coastal New South Wales pastures is discussed.

Chemical seedbed preparation and the efficiency of nitrogen utilization by sod-sown oats. 2. Spraying interval and comparison of herbicides

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Murtagh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

The effectiveness of chemical seedbed preparation for sod-sown oats was studied using varying intervals between spraying and sowing. Four herbicides were compared in a second experiment. Both experiments were conducted on paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) dominant pastures on red basaltic soil on the North Coast of New South Wales. Herbicides were most effective when applied at 6.7 kg acid equivalent a hectare. At this rate, the highest yields of dry matter and nitrogen were obtained when there was a three-week interval and considerably less when there was no interval. A mixture of 2,2-DPA (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) and amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) was more effective than 2,2-DPA alone with a three-week spraying interval but there was no difference with a six-week interval. Both amitrole and a mixture of amitrole and ammonium thiocyanate were ineffective for chemical seedbed preparation on paspalum pastures;

Talitrid amphipods from ocean beaches along the New South Wales coast of Australia (Amphipoda, Talitridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3575 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. LOWRY
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Original Description ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales

The sand-hopper Bellorchestia mariae sp. nov. is described from Honeymoon Bay on the north coast of Jervis Bay, NewSouth Wales, Australia. It is the sister species of B. richardsoni Serejo & Lowry, 2008 and appears to have a limited dis-tribution from about Narrawallee in the south to northern Jervis Bay. The distribution of B. richardsoni Serejo & Lowry,2008 is extended from Point Ricardo, Victoria, northwards to Ulladulla on the New South Wales coast. A new synonymyis proposed for the sand-hopper Notorchestia quadrimana (Dana, 1852) which includes N. novaehollandiae (1899) andN. lobata Serejo & Lowry, 2008. It is considered to be a wide-ranging species from Shark Bay in Western Australia aroundthe south coast to at least Maitland Bay in central New South Wales. The beach-hopper Orchestia dispar Dana, 1852 isdescribed from Valla Beach in northern New South Wales and moved to the new genus Vallorchestia. This is the first re-cord of V. dispar since its original description 160 years ago. The beach-hopper Platorchestia smithi sp. nov. is describedfrom Brooms Head, New South Wales, Australia. It is common on ocean beaches from Bendalong in the south to Ballina in northern New South Wales. South of Bendalong beach-hoppers on ocean beaches appear to be absent.

Sheep production on the north coast of New South Wales. 2. A feasibility study of prime lamb production

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sheep Production

Lamb production was studied in an experiment that ran for four years, 1968 to 1972, at Grafton, New South Wales, in a region where no commercial sheep are grown. Merino and Dorset Horn x Merino ewes stocked at 15 ewes ha-1 were mated in spring to Border Leicester rams and the lambs sold for slaughter in October. The mean number of lambs born per 100 ewes mated was 81.7 for crossbred ewes and 48.4 for Merino ewes (P< 0.05) and the mean carcase weights of the lambs were 14.8 kg and 12.7 kg, respectively (P< 0.01). The mean weight of fleeces cut from Merino ewes (3.24 kg) was greater (P< 0.01) than that from crossbred ewes (2.58 kg). The ewes were treated with anthelmintics either every four weeks or according to climatic conditions. There were no significant differences between the anthelmintic treatments for lamb liveweights at birth, weaning or slaughter; carcase weight; ewe fleece weight; or mortality rate. Treatment every four weeks increased ewe live weight during only one short period from August 1971 to February 1972 (P< 0.05). Data from this experiment compared favourably with survey data for the high rainfall zone in Australia and it was concluded that prime lamb production on the north coast of New South Wales is biologically feasible.

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