Promalin promotes lateral shoot development of young cherry trees

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (113) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Veinbrants ◽  
P Miller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cherry Trees

Promalin (a commercial formulation of N-(phenylmethy1)-1 H-purin-6-amine plus gibberellins A4 + A7) applied at bud swell and bud burst increased the number of spurs and lateral shoots on one-year-old wood of primary scaffold limbs of young cherry trees. Painted applications gave more consistent responses than sprayed applications. Total length of shoot growth on treated three-yearold cherry trees was more than double that of control trees and lateral shoots induced by Promalin had broad crotch angles.

scholarly journals Improving the Efficacy of Cytokinin Applications for Stimulation of Lateral Branch Development in Young Sweet Cherry Trees in the Orchard

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Elfving ◽  
Dwayne B. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Bud Removal ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cherry Trees

Improving lateral branch development in young sweet cherry trees without reliance on pruning is a desirable component of tree training programs, especially for high-density systems. Applications of two proprietary formulations of 6-benzyladenine and gibberellins A4 and A7 (Promalin, Valent Biosciences, Walnut Creek, Calif.; and Perlan, Fine Americas, Walnut Creek, Calif.) to individual buds or intact bark of unpruned sweet cherry central leader shoots at green-tip had little effect on lateral shoot growth from buds or on distribution of new shoot growth along the treated leader shoots. Scoring, nicking, or notching cuts alone also had inconsistent effects on shoot development and distribution. In some trials, bud removal (or disbudding, removing every fourth bud on 1-year-old shoots) produced limited improvement of lateral shoot development and vertical distribution. Combining nicking, notching, scoring, or bark scraping with the application of cytokinin–gibberellic acid solution to the cut area greatly improved both number of shoots developed and the numbers originating from the lower portions of treated leader shoots. Removing the physical barrier to bioregulator product contact with active tissues was a primary factor in improving treatment efficacy.

scholarly journals The effect of benzyladenine and naphthalene acetic acid on rooting and subsequent growth of Portulaca umbraticola Kunth

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wróblewska ◽  
Przemysław Bąbelewski
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Development ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Portulaca umbraticola Kunth stem cuttings were treated with BA or BA and NAA in different concentrations. BA was applied by spraying or by the quick-dip method. Independent of application type, in almost all of the treatments BA and BA applied with NAA increased the percentage of rooted cuttings, but had no effect on the number of roots, apart from BA in the 0.5 g dm-3 concentration, which doubled the root number. Treatment with BA alone resulted in more intensive axillary shoot development, although only in one concentration (0.2 g dm-3) did BA significantly influence the number and length of lateral shoots. BA applied together with NAA had no effect or inhibited lateral shoot development. After measurement, rooted cuttings were planted in pots in order to assess subsequent plant growth. Our data indicated that the positive effect of BA on shoot development disappeared during the subsequent cultivation of the plants. BA alone applied by spraying did not influence the number and length of initial and secondary lateral shoots, whereas BA applied with NAA negatively influenced the length of initial lateral shoots as well as the number and length of secondary lateral shoots.

scholarly journals Does split nitrogen application increase garlic yield and quality?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Marcos Renan Besen ◽  
Juliano Masahiko Ogawa ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Ribeiro ◽  
Claudia Aparecida Guginski-Piva ◽  
Jonatas Thiago Piva
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Before And After

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is essential for obtaining high garlic yields and satisfying commercial requirements for bulb diameter. However, excess nitrogen may favor the development of lateral shoots. This study aimed to examine the effect of different N application strategies on garlic yield and quality. The experiment was conducted in the field using garlic cv. Chonan and four N fertilization strategies (T1, N fertilizer applied at 15-day intervals; T2, N fertilizer applied before and after clove differentiation; T3, N fertilizer applied before clove differentiation; and T4, N fertilizer applied after clove differentiation). All treatments received the same N rate (210 kg ha-1). A single N application before clove differentiation (T3) favored lateral shoot growth, resulting in the highest incidence of this defect (11.66%). The other treatments did not differ in lateral shoot incidence. Four classes (3–6) of bulb diameter were observed, with treatments ranked in decreasing order as T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. There were no significant differences in garlic yield between single N application treatments (T3 and T4). However, garlic yield differed by 73% between T1 (13,329 kg ha-1) and T4 (7,679 kg ha-1), by 55.31% between T2 (11,927 kg ha-1) and T4, and by 36% between T1 and T3 (9,783 kg ha-1). These results indicate that two N fertilization strategies can be adopted in high-quality garlic production: fortnightly N fertilization or split N application before and after clove differentiation. A single N application is not recommended, regardless of application timing, as it promotes lateral shoot growth and reduces garlic quality and yield.

scholarly journals High Night Temperatures Do Not Cause Poor Lateral Branching of Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 981-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Faust ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Development ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
First Order ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings

Dendranthema ×grandiflorm (Ramat.) Kitamura `Powerhouse' plants were pinched to five nodes and grown in growth chambers at 35C day temperature (DT) and 14,17,21,24, or 27C night temperature (NT) to determine if NT influenced lateral shoot development on plants exposed to high DT. Vegetative cuttings were removed from two successive flushes of lateral shoots and evaluated for lateral shoot development after rooting and subsequent apex removal. Lateral shoot development was determined on a third flush of shoots that developed on the stock plants. The percentage of nodes that developed lateral shoots on stock plants or vegetative cuttings was not related to NT. The percentage of first-order, second-order, and third-order axillary nodes that developed a lateral shoot on the stock plants, averaged over all NT, was 76, 65, and 12, respectively. The percentage of nodes that developed lateral shoots on the first-order and second-order cuttings was 29 and 19, respectively. We concluded that cool NT were ineffective in preventing a decrease in lateral branching on plants grown under high (35C) DT conditions.

scholarly journals 615 PB 293 BAGGING APPLE TREE LEADERS INCREASES LATERAL SHOOT DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 520c-520
Author(s):  
Matt J. Stasiak ◽  
Teryl R Roper
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lateral Branches

Inadequate branch production on apple trees can result in reduced bearing surface and problems with tree training. We sought to increase the number of lateral shoots by enclosing the one year old portion of the central leader of two year old `Jonamac', `Red Jonagold', and `Scarlet Gala', apple trees two weeks prior to bud emergence. The bags were then removed when the longest shoots in the bag were approximately 2.5 cm long. After leaf fall the number and length of shoots in the bagged sections were measured. The number of lateral shoots >5 cm in length produced on the bagged sections of the leaders was increased by 3.7. Total lateral growth on the central leader increased by 149 cm per tree. Trunk cross-sectional area, tree height, or production of lateral shoots >5 cm were not affected by bagging. Differences between clear and orange bags were not significant. Bagging appeared to be an efficient means to induce trees to produce lateral branches. The greatest benefit would be to varieties like `Jonamac' and `Red Jonagold' which averaged only 1.7 laterals without bags.

scholarly journals Vegetative Responses of Apple Trees Following Benzyladenine and Growth Regulator Sprays

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene ◽  
Wesley R. Autio
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Chemical Inhibition ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Positive Effect

Benzyladenine (BA) stimulated lateral branching on young apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees at concentrations as low as 100 mg·liter-1. BA reduced lateral shoot length indirectly through increased intersboot competition, whereas daminozide reduced lateral shoot growth as a direct effect of the chemical inhibition. Daminozide reduced the number of spurs that were induced by BA to grow into lateral shoots. BA reduced the size of terminal buds on spurs that were stimulated to grow into lateral shoots. When daminozide was included with BA, spur quality was increased, as determined by Increased bud size. The positive effect of daminozide on BA-treated spurs was indirect, and other growth retardants used in combination with BA may be equally effective at improving spur quality. It may not be possible to stimulate lateral branching with BA on young trees just coming into production without causing an unacceptable amount of thinning. However, on bearing `Empire' trees, lateral shoot growth was increased with BA while still achieving an appropriate level of thinning. In general, there was no advantage to applying BA in a split application. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine [benzyladenine (BA)]; butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide).

scholarly journals 946 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL RESPONSES OF POINSETTA TO CALCIUM NITRATE AND TO 6-BA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 569c-569
Author(s):  
Lisa Grishow ◽  
Alejandro Ching
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Developmental Responses

Some studies have shown that the presence of calcium ions greatly influence the growth of lateral shoots in poinsettia. Rooted cuttins were transplanted in 13.14 cm dia. plastic pots and grown on Metro-mix soil, fertilized with 20-10-S osmocote and watered as needed. Plants were sprayed with 300 & 600 ppm of ca(NO3)2. Others treated with 500 ppm of 6-BA, plus 300 and 600 ppm of Ca(NO3)2 and then with 500 ppn of 6-BA. Some plants were left without treatments as check. The average number of lateral bud breaks were highest on plants treated with 6-BA when compared to plants treated only with Ca(NO3)2 and the check. The number of lateral bud breaks increased from an average of 11 on the 5th day to 15 on the 30th day whenever 6-BA was applied. The average length of lateral shoots also increased from an average of 10mm the 5th day to over 23mn on the 30th day when 6-BA was applied, but the presence of Ca(NO3)2 at 300 ppm lateral shoot growth was greater than at 600 ppm. In general, the average growth rate in height increased in all treatments compared to the check and the presence of Ca(NO3)2 further increased the growth in height. Finally, the foliage growth rate (in diameter) was greatly influenced by 6-BA and 600 ppm of Ca(NO3)2.

scholarly journals Growth Response of One-year-old `Granny Smith' Apple Branches in Relation to Time of Heading

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Oosthuyse ◽  
G. Jacobs ◽  
D.K. Strydom
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Total Length ◽  
One Year

Upright l-year-old apple (Malus domestica Borkh. `Granny Smith') branches were headed at 14-day intervals (branches headed once each) during late winter and in spring [70 days before full-bloom (DBFB) until 28 days after full-bloom (DAFB)] and budbreak and new shoot growth quantified on the remaining branch section after cessation of these events. When heading was performed 70, 56, or 42 DBFB, four to five buds broke on average. When branches were headed subsequently, the average number of buds breaking increased progressively, then decreased with heading date, the maximum number breaking (13) on branches headed 14 DAFB. An average of 10 or 11 buds broke per branch section when heading was performed 28 DAFB. In late summer, the total length of new shoots per branch section for the branches headed before full bloom averaged 113 cm, whereas that on the branches headed at or after full-bloom averaged 76 cm.

FEATURES OF STEM SHOOT DEVELOPMENT AND THE EVALUATION OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF HYBRID TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.), CONTAINING GENES OF LIMITED DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL MERISTEMS IN THE FILM GREENHOURSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Natalya Yu. Lyaschyna ◽  
Iryna G. Puhachova ◽  
Michail M. Dabrodzkin ◽  
Aleksandr V. Kilchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Labor Inputs

When growing a greenhouse tomato, labor inputs for handling and tying of plants are high. In this regard, it is important to investigate the features of plant growth and create varieties and hybrids for intensive technologies, requiring a minimum of labor inputs for plant care and having a complex of valuable agronomic features. The purpose of the research presented in this article was the selection of tomato hybrid combinations, characterized by high values of productivity signs, low intensity of stem shoot growth and indeterminate type of growth. To achieve the main goal, we studied the growth characteristics of stem shoots and the manifestation of agronomic traits of F1 hybrids Toroza x Line 7, Line 7 x Toroza, Line 7 x Mo 516, C 9464 x Mo 516, C 9464 s Toroza, Line 19/3 x Mo 516, Line 19/3 x Toroza, Line 19/0 x Toroza, Line 19/0 x Mo 516, together with the parent samples. The peculiarities of lateral shoot development and yield signs were investigated in two variants: without breaking-out laterals and with removal of stem shoots on a weekly basis. The dynamics of laterals growth was estimated on plants of the studied samples, which were planted separately, in the course of 30 days after removing previously formed lateral shoots. The hybrids with Line 7 and indeterminate hybrid C 9464 x Mo 516 are characterized by high values of productivity traits. The superiority of indeterminate hybrids was noted in both variants of the experiment on grounds of commercial and total yield. The advantage of the variant "without removing laterals" has been established in yield background. Hybrids F1 Line 19/0 x Mo 516 and Line 19/3 x Thoroza can be recommended as valuable breeding samples, because of high productivity level, low intensity of lateral shoot growth and indeterminate type of growth.

scholarly journals The Use of 6-Benzylaminopurine for Rapid Multiplication of Tillandsias

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-258
Author(s):  
Bernhard Bessler
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Development ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Lateral Shoots

Some species of the genus Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) are highly endangered in their natural habitats. This report introduces a method for induced lateral shoot development in atmospheric Tillandsias using the cytokinin BAP. Spraying or dipping the plants with BAP-solutions induced many lateral shoots. Even difficult-to-propagate species like T. cacticola L.B.SM developed up to 30 times more usable shoots than the control. Applying low concentrations (1 and 5 mg·L-1) over a longer period of time (10 weeks, 3 times a week) produced results similar to those using higher concentrations (50 mg·L-1) for shorter periods (2 weeks, 3 times a week). Chemical name used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP).

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