Honeybee pollination of sunflower cultivars Hysun 30 and Sunfola

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination

In trials on an irrigated crop of hybrid sunflowers, (Helianthus annuus), cv. Hysun 30, in northern Victoria, plots where bees had access produced 11 % more seed than plots where bees and larger insects were excluded. Although some seed was set in cages by airborne pollination and self-pollination, honeybees increased seed set significantly. There was a slightly greater oil content in seed from open plots but no difference in weight of 1000 seeds or percentage germination. There was a 20% increase in the percentage of flowers that set seed in the open compared with enclosed plots. There was a 1362% increase in open-pollinated flowers that set seed compared with self-pollinated, but there was no difference between open-pollinated and open-pollinated supplemented by hand-pollination. The yield of seed from open plots of the so-called 'open-pollinated' cv. Sunfola was directly related to the honeybee density on the crop, expressed as ratio of bees to inflorescences. Honeybees were effective cross-pollinators of the sunflowers. Hysun 30 pollen was not attractive to bees and they tended to discard it. Colony strength declined while the bees worked the crop. The data suggest that a rate of one honeybee per plant during anthesis could optimize yields of set seed.

A CYCLOIDEA-like gene mutation in sunflower determines an unusual floret type able to produce filled achenes at the periphery of the pseudanthium

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mizzotti ◽  
Marco Fambrini ◽  
Elisabetta Caporali ◽  
Simona Masiero ◽  
Claudio Pugliesi
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Disc Floret ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Ray Florets

The pseudanthium of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) consists of two floret types: zygomorphic sterile ray florets and actinomorphic hermaphrodite disc florets. In the tubular ray flower (turf) mutant, the loss-of-function of a CYCLOIDEA (CYC) gene generates hermaphrodite tubular-like ray florets that replace the normal sterile ray florets. We evaluated whether tubular-like ray florets have a multifaceted set of floral traits and the presence of heteromorphic seeds in the turf inflorescence. During early stages of floral ontogeny, primordia of both tubular-like ray florets and typical ray florets displayed a comparable shape. In contrast, during later stages of development, the form of tubular-like ray floret primordia was most similar to disc floret primordia. In mature tubular-like ray florets, corolla and ovary had both ray and disc floret characteristics but also displayed distinct identity traits. In open-pollinated tubular-like ray florets, the seed set was low, but a noteworthy increase of filled achenes was obtained by hand pollination. Wild type ray achenes were always empty. Embryos of tubular-like ray florets were shorter and lighter than the embryos of disc florets but able to produce fertile plants. In conclusion, the different identity characteristics combined in tubular-like ray florets of the mutant evolved a capitulum type not described in the genus Helianthus.

Pollination and seed production in five boreal species of Vaccnium and Andromeda (Ericaceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heléne Fröborg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Vaccinium Uliginosum ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Understory Shrubs ◽  
Fruit And Seed Set

Using experimental manipulations, I examined if pollen quality affected fruit and seed production in five ericaceous understory shrubs in a coniferous forest in central Sweden. Flowers of Vaccinium myrtillus L., Vaccinium uliginosum L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Vaccinium oxycoccos Gil., and Andromeda polifolia L. were (treatment 1) open-pollinated, (treatment 2) bagged without further treatment, (treatment 3) bagged and self-pollinated, (treatment 4) cross-pollinated with pollen from neighbouring plants, or (treatment 5) supplied with pollen from distant plants. Finally, flowers were (treatment 6) open-pollinated with a supply of extra pollen of distant origin. To investigate pollen or resource limitations to fruit and seed production, V. vitis-idaea was subjected to partial flower removal followed by open- and hand-pollination. Fruit and seed set were estimated for each treatment. The main conclusion is that natural levels of outcrossing are sufficiently high for full seed production and that the availability of pollen is not limiting in natural habitats. There were significant reductions in fruit and seed set after self-pollination in V. myrtillus. Fruit set was reduced in V. vitis-idaea, and V. uliginosum failed to set fruit after self-pollination. Self-pollination caused a decreased seed set in A. polifolia. There was no significant variation across treatments in V. oxycoccos. Since fruits tend to develop regardless of seed number, resources are likely to limit seed production in species with costly fruits. Keywords: self-fertility, pollination, Vaccinium, fruit set, seed set.

A study on pollination of sunflowers (Hilianthus annuus)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (67) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a trial on an irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) crop in northern Victoria, plots to which bees had access produced in excess of 60 per cent more seed than plots from which bees were excluded. The number of seeds set per cm2 of flower head, the percentage germination and the oil content of seed from plots serviced by bees were significantly greater than from plots without bees. Individual seeds were heavier in plots without bees than in those serviced by bees.

Honeybee pollination of oilseed rape, cultivar Midas

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Self Pollination

In a trial on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cv. Midas grown on dry land in northern Victoria, no increase in yield of seed, oil content, or percentage germination was obtained from plots where bees and larger insects had access compared with plots enclosed in cages of 2.5 mm mesh to exclude these insects. The weight of 1000 seeds was slightly greater in the enclosed plots. Bees and a Syrphid, Melangyna viridiceps, were the predominant insects visiting the flowers. The bees stored some surplus honey and pollen and built up colony population. Self-pollination and possibly wind pollination appear to be the norm for this cultivar.

Hand-Pollination ofCardamine californicaImproves Seed Set

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Ariyoshi ◽  
Emily Magnaghi ◽  
Mark Frey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Hand Pollination

Developmental morphology and anatomy of the reproductive structures in sunflower (Helianthus annuus): a unified temporal scale

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Lindström ◽  
L.F. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Growing Conditions

In sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), there has been an intense genetic selection for achenes with agronomic value, such as greater mass, oil content, and disease resistance. However, the information regarding the anatomical events that control their growth and maturation is surprisingly scarce. The aim of the present work was to study sunflower male and female sporogenesis and gametogenesis, as well as cell division and enlargement and tissue differentiation in the ovary and the embryo, linking the timing of these events to two frequently used phenological scales and a thermal time scale. In addition, we propose an ontogenetic scale that integrates the results of the present work to that of previous studies on sunflower reproductive development. The unified scales presented here provide a framework for others to investigate the relationships uncovered in this study in different genetic backgrounds and under different growing conditions.

HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY, AND PREDICTED SYNTHETICS FROM A DIALLEL CROSS IN SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Putt
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Mature Weight

Heterosis occurred for the eight plant and seed characters studied. It was most frequent for yield of seed and height of plant. Mean squares for general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant (P =.01) for all characters. The estimated components for gca were greater than for sca for days to mature, weight per bushel, and percent oil in the seed; less for height and yield of seed; and essentially the same for days to bloom, diameter of head, and weight per 1000 seeds.The yield of seed and percent oil in the seed, for the highest ranking 100 synthetics that could be composed from the 10 lines, was predicted in F6 assuming 50 and 60% outcrossing between F2 and F6. Virtually all values exceeded the mean performance of four check samples of commercial hybrids. Many exceeded the highest rank check for oil content in the seed. Fourteen of the highest ranking 100 synthetics for yield and 30 for oil content consisted of two or three lines. It was concluded that synthetics can be superior to the present hybrids in heterosis and that desirable synthetics can be made from only a few lines.

Dwarf sunflower response to row spacing, stand reduction, and defoliation at different growth stages

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

Growth compensation of dwarf sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to low initial stands, later stand losses, or plant defoliation has not been reported regarding replanting decisions and crop insurance yield loss assessment. Three experiments were conducted to study the affect of stand reduction, defoliation, and row spacing on dwarf sunflower yield and quality when grown in eastern North Dakota. Experiment 1 evaluated stand reduction (0, 25, 50 and 75%) applied at growth stages (V4, R1 and R6) in 15, 45 and 76 cm spaced rows. Row spacing interactions with stand reduction and growth stage were not significant for yield indicating growth stage and stand reduction effects on yield response were independent of row spacing. In exp. 2, significant growth stage (V4, V8, R1, R2, R3, R5 and R6) by stand reduction (0, 12, 25, 37, 50, 62 and 75%) interaction showed stand reduction at vegetative growth stages not influencing yield, but as maturity progressed yield reductions became greater with increased stand reduction. Achene weight increased with increasing stand reduction at vegetative and early reproductive stages. A reciprocal relationship was noted between achene weight and achene oil content where oil content decreased as achene weight increased. Interaction of growth stage (R1 and R6) and defoliation (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in exp. 3 indicated greater reduction in yield, test weight, 1000-achene weight, and achene oil conte nt as defoliatin increased at growth stage R6. Yield compensating ability of dwarf sunflower is dependent on type and level of damage and growth stage of occurrence, with total yield reduction considering all effects. Key words: Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., row spacing, stand reduction, defoliation

A comparison of flower-visiting insects to rare Symphyotrichum sericeum and common Solidago nemoralis (Asteraceae)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Insect Visitors ◽  
Over Time

Flower-visiting insect activity to the rare Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom and the common Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longipetiolata (Mack. & Bush) Pal. & Steyerm. was examined to detect compositional and temporal similarities. A hand pollination experiment was conducted to determine whether pollen was limiting seed set. Of the 31 insect taxa that visited these plants, Bombus bifarius Cresson was the most common visitor to both species. More insect visitors of the Halictidae and Bombyliidae were received by S. sericeum than S. nemoralis, which received more visitors of the Syrphidae and Tachinidae. The insect visitation rate was not significantly different between the two plant species. Solidago nemoralis was visited by fewer insect taxa per day than S. sericeum, but the constancy of its visitors was higher. The insect visitor composition changed over time, with B. bifarius ignoring S. sericeum plants initially, then visiting them more frequently as the number of receptive S. nemoralis capitula declined. Hand pollination increased seed set in the earliest flowering capitula of S. sericeum, but not for those flowering during the peak. This research shows that the quantity of insect visits to the rare plant is comparable with that of the common plant but that pollination quality may be lower, particularly for early blooming capitula.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY IN NON-OILSEED SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GENOTYPES / DIVERSIDAD GENETICA DE GENOTIPOS NO OLEAGINOSOS DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / DIVERSITÉ GÉNÉTIQUE DANS LES GÉNOTYPES DE TOURNESOL NON-OLÉAGINEUX (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
K. Manjula ◽  
H.L. Nadaf ◽  
K. Giriraj
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diversité Génétique ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Seed Characteristics

SUMMARYGenetic diversity was assessed in 46 non-oilseed sunflower genotypes for 14 characters by adopting D2 analysis. Oil content and plant height exhibited maximum contributions towards genetic divergence. The genotypes were grouped into 11 clusters. The inter-cluster D2 values ranged from 288.17 to 3972.34. The contribution of oil content towards genetic divergence in the 46 genotypes was confirmed when D2 analysis was performed for seed characteristics such as test weight, volume weight, hull content, kernel recovery, oil and protein content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document