Distribution and control of root-knot and root lesion nematodes on peanuts in north Queensland

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Broadley
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Basaltic Soils ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
And Control

In a survey of peanut plantings in north Queensland, the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood was found to be confined to red basaltic soils with a long cropping history around Tolga and Atherton. The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) was widespread throughout the Atherton Tablelands and was absent only in soils that had recently been brought into cultivation. Infestations of both species were heavier where peanuts had been grown on the same land for two or more successive seasons. Applications at planting of fenamiphos, ethoprophos or aldicarb at 5 kg active ingredient ha-1 in a 15 cm band, or ethylene dibromide row treatment at 30 kg ha-1 increased yield by up to 40% in Virginia Bunch peanuts. Yield responses were only obtained in trials where infestations of M. hapla were severe, and there was none where P. brachyurus occurred by itself. Treatments with dibromochloropropane, oxamyl and terbufos were ineffective.

scholarly journals Saccharum spontaneum, a Novel Source of Resistance to Root-Lesion and Root-Knot Nematodes in Sugarcane

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2288-2294
Author(s):  
Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Kylie Garlick ◽  
George Piperidis
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) are two important pathogens of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid). No commercial cultivars are resistant to these nematodes in Australia. Twenty accession lines of S. spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane, were tested against these two nematode species. S. spontaneum lines were tested twice for resistance to root-lesion nematode and three times for root-knot nematode. Reproduction (final population/starting population) of root-lesion nematodes was significantly lower in 17 of the 20 S. spontaneum accession lines tested in two experiments compared with two commercial cultivars. Four S. spontaneum lines supported a significantly lower number of root-lesion nematodes per gram of root than that of two commercial sugarcane cultivars. Reproduction of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in 16 S. spontaneum lines compared with two commercial cultivars. Fourteen of the S. spontaneum lines tested supported significantly fewer eggs per gram of root compared with two commercial cultivars. This study showed that S. spontaneum lines possessed resistance for root-lesion and root-knot nematodes. Targeted crossing with commercial hybrid parental lines should be conducted to introduce nematode resistance into sugarcane cultivars for the Australian sugar industry.

The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blair ◽  
G. R. Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

Identification and pathogenicity of Pratylenchus scribneri on tomato in Sichuan Province of People's Republic of China

2022 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Xia ◽  
J. Li ◽  
M.R. Sun ◽  
B. Lei ◽  
H.L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sichuan Province ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Scribneri ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Abstract Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are a group of economically important pathogens that have caused serious economic losses in many crops. In 2019, root-lesion nematodes were recovered from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root samples collected from Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China (PRC). Extracted nematodes were disinfected, and one individual female was cultured on a carrot disc for propagation at 25 °C by parthenogenesis and designated the SC isolate. Afterwards, the isolate was identified on the basis of morphometric and molecular markers. Both morphometric characters and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region gene (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, the D2-D3 expansion region of the 28S rDNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtDNA-COI) gene revealed that the species of root-lesion nematode was Pratylenchus scribneri. The Bayesian tree inferred from the ITS rDNA, 28S rDNA and mtDNA-COI gene sequences also showed that this isolate formed a highly supported clade with other P. scribneri isolates. The pathogenicity of the root-lesion nematode SC isolate on tomato was assessed, showing that tomato was a suitable host for P. scribneri. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. scribneri on tomato in Sichuan Province, PRC. These are also the first molecular data obtained from P. scribneri on tomato in the PRC, and the pathogenicity of P. scribneri to tomato was studied for the first time. This study provides scientific data for the detection, identification and control of tomato root-lesion nematode disease.

Rapid and visual detection of Meloidogyne hapla using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Song ◽  
Xiai Yang ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Mingbao Luan ◽  
Bing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Lateral Flow Dipstick ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a biotrophic parasite that infects many crops and causes severe economic losses worldwide. Rapid and accurate detection of M. hapla is crucial for disease forecasting and control. We developed a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay for rapid detection of M. hapla. The primers and a probe were designed based on the effector gene 16D10 sequence and were highly specific to M. hapla. The RPA reaction was performed at a wide range of temperatures from 25 to 45°C within 5 to 25 min, and the amplicon was visualized directly on the LFD within 5 min. The detection limits of the RPA-LFD assay were 10-3 female and 10-2 J2/0.5 g of soil, which was 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR assay. In addition, the RPA-LFD assay can detect M. hapla from infested plant roots and soil samples, and the entire detection process can be completed within 1.5 h. These results indicate that the RPA-LFD assay is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive, and visual method that can be used for rapid detection of M. hapla in the field and in resource-limited conditions.

scholarly journals Expression of Oryzacystatin I and II in Alfalfa Increases Resistance to the Root-Lesion Nematode

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Samac ◽  
Ann C. Smigocki
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Gus Expression ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Digestive cysteine proteinases have been isolated from plant-parasitic nematodes as well as coleopteran and hemipteran insects. Phytocystatins, inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, are found in a number of plants where they may play a role in defense against pathogens and pests. The cDNAs of the phytocystatins from rice, oryzacystatin I (OC-I) and oryzacystatin II (OC-II), were expressed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants under the control of the potato protease inhibitor II (PinII) promoter and the plants were evaluated for resistance to the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans). A PinII-β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was introduced into alfalfa to determine the pattern of gene expression from this promoter. Constitutive GUS expression was observed in leaf and root vascular tissue, and in some plants, expression was observed in leaf mesophyll cells. Mechanical wounding of leaves increased GUS expression approximately twofold over 24 h. Inoculation with root-lesion nematodes resulted in localized GUS expression. Populations of root-lesion nematodes in alfalfa roots from one line containing the PinII::OC-I transgene and one line containing the PinII::OC-II transgene were reduced 29 and 32%, respectively, compared with a transgenic control line. These results suggest that oryzacystatins have the potential to confer increased resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa.

scholarly journals Effects of Anaerobically Digested Slurry onMeloidogyne incognitaandPratylenchus penetransin Tomato and Radish Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yu Min ◽  
Koki Toyota ◽  
Erika Sato ◽  
Atsushi Takada
Keyword(s):  
Damage Index ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Slurry ◽  
And Control

Since effective disposable way of anaerobically digested biogas slurry is expected, ADS was applied to soil to evaluate its effects on nematode damage. Damage index of tomato by root-knot nematode was significantly () lower and the growth better in pots applied with ADS (100 and 200 mg -N kg−1) than that in those with chemical fertilizer and control (no ADS). ADS was applied into radish cultivated fields infested with the root-lesion nematode: a single (100 kg -N ha−1) in 2007 and 2008 and multiple applications (25, 50, 25 kg -N ha−1soil) in 2009. Damage to radish was 30% and 50% lower in ADS-treated fields than that in the control in 2007 and 2009, respectively, although not in 2008. These results suggest that application of ADS to fields might be feasible for mitigating nematode damage, but the rate and timing should be considered further for the best application way.

scholarly journals Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Potter ◽  
Adam Dale
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Fragaria Virginiana ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

scholarly journals Root-Knot and Root-Lesion Nematode Suppression by Cover Crops, Poultry Litter, and Poultry Litter Compost

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Everts ◽  
S. Sardanelli ◽  
R. J. Kratochvil ◽  
D. K. Armentrout ◽  
L. E. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Experiments using soil-incorporated cover crops and amendments of poultry litter (PL) and PL compost to suppress root-knot (RKN) and root-lesion nematodes were conducted in response to increasing nematode populations in Maryland's potato production areas. Identical experiments were established in microplots infested with Meloidogyne incognita or Pratylenchus penetrans. Treatments consisted of 12 3-year rotational sequences comprising potato (year 1) and cucumber (year 2) followed by a moderately RKN-resistant or susceptible soybean cultivar, castor bean, grain sorghum, or sorghum sudangrass; PL or PL compost were amended to some of the RKN-susceptible soybean and sorghum sudangrass plots. In the third year of the rotation, potato followed by soybean was planted in all 12 treatments. The RKN-resistant soybean, castor bean, sorghum sudangrass, and fallow or tillage decreased the populations of M. incognita compared with microplots where RKN-susceptible soybean had been grown. However, RKN populations quickly recovered. Root-lesion nematode was reduced in the spring of 2001 following application of high rates of PL and PL compost in 2000. In the fall of 2001, sorghum sudangrass alone or in combination with PL or PL compost, grain sorghum, or fallow or tillage reduced root-lesion nematodes compared with either soybean cultivar. No treatment affected root-lesion nematode the following year. The use of cover crops and PL compost is an effective method to reduce nematode populations only if successively incorporated into rotational cropping sequences.

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) limits response of wheat but not barley to stored soil moisture in the Hermitage long-term tillage experiment

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Thompson ◽  
J Mackenzie ◽  
R Amos
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The cumulative effects of factorial treatments of tillage (no tillage, conventional), stubble retention (burnt, retained), and nitrogen fertiliser (0, 23, 69 kg N/ha) on yield of continuous winter cereals and on soil properties have been tested in the Hermitage fallow management experiment since 1969. Despite increased soil water stored from the combination of no tillage and stubble retention, wheat responses to the extra water were disappointing in the first 11 years of the experiment. Soil samples from the experiment were shown to be heavily infested with the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei Sher and Allen), and therefore in 1980, the main plots were split for crop (wheat cv. Timgalen, barley cv. Clipper) and nematicide treatment (nil, aldicarb). Barley (maximum yield 3.2 t/ha) tolerated the nematodes and responded in this dry year to the extra stored water accumulated with no tillage and stubble retention, but wheat (maximum yield 1.22 t/ha) did not. Nematicide increased wheat yields by 42%. The results from the changes to the Hermitage experiment in 1980 show the importance of considering root-lesion nematodes in interpreting results from long-term experiments involving wheat and in applying those results to farms. Control of root-lesion nematodes on farms by crop rotation and by growing tolerant and resistant wheat varieties is needed to obtain full yield benefits from improved tillage practices.

scholarly journals Influence of previous crops and nematicide treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
L.M. Edwards ◽  
C.E. Gallant ◽  
H.W. Johnson ◽  
J.A. MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study assessing the influence of the previous crop, the crop sequence, and aldicarb treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields was carried out in Prince-Edward-Island, Canada. The most recent crop had the greatest impact on nematode numbers. The crop sequences had an influence in some cases on root lesion nematode populations (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) and on crop yields. In commercial barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields, root lesion nematodes in roots were greatest when barley followed a red clover (Trifolium pratense) timothy (Phleum pratense) ley, and stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp., primarily T. dubius, and Merlinius spp.) were more common when barley followed barley. The combined dry weight of foliage and grain was larger when barley was planted after potato (Solanumtuberosum) and smaller when barley followed barley or a red clover-timothy mixture. Under experimental field conditions, root lesion nematode populations were largest in barley roots when barley followed potato and grain yields were smallest when barley followed barley. Changes in nematode populations in potato were not associated with crop sequences. Potato tuber yields were higher in the sequences that began with wheat (Triticum aestivum) or barley than in the sequences that began with potato or soybean (Glycine max). Aldicarb reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes in roots with concomitant yield increases in potato and soybean.

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