Nutritive value of alkali-treated wheaten straw fed to sheep with supplements of either lupins or barley and urea

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

Untreated straw and alkali-treated straw were prepared by spraying long wheaten straw in windrows with water or a 6.6% (w/v) solution of sodium hydroxide to give a concentration of sodium hydroxide of 7g per 100 g straw. Merino wethers were fed the straws ad libitum with or without a supplement of either lupins or a mixture of barley and urea. The in vivo organic matter digestibilities (%) of the alkali-treated straw diets supplemented with lupins (61.3) or barley and urea (59.3) were greater (P<0.05) than those of the untreated straw diets supplemented with lupins (54.6) or barley and urea (55.7). The intakes of dry matter (g day-1) and digestible energy (MJ day-1), respectively, were greater (P<0.01) for the sheep offered alkali-treated straw supplemented with lupins (769, 7.7) or barley and urea (847,7.9) than for those offered untreated straw supplemented with lupins (598, 5.4) or barley and urea (639, 5.9). Sheep offered the supplemented alkali-treated straw diets produced 39% more wool and lost less (P<0.05) liveweight than sheep offered the supplemented untreated straw diets. Retention of nitrogen (g day-1) by sheep was greater (P<0.01) when the alkali-treated and untreated straws, respectively, were supplemented with barley and urea (3.6, 2.8) than with lupins (1-9, 0.9). It is concluded that a more effective method of application of sodium hydroxide must be developed if treatment of straw with sodium hydroxide is to become a routine and economic technique for use on southern Australian farms.

Formaldehyde as a silage additive. II. The chemical composition and nutritive value of lucerne hay, lucerne silage, and formaldehyde and formic acid-treated lucerne silages

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
DC Brown
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Formaldehyde-treated silage, formic acid-treated silage, formaldehyde-formic acid-treated silage, untreated silage, and lucerne hay were made from a lucerne sward and offered to Merino wethers. The formaldehyde was applied at a rate of 0.9 % of the weight of the dry matter and formic acid at 0.5 % of the fresh weight of the lucerne. Formaldehyde-treated silage and formaldehyde-formic acid-treated silage had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total and individual organic acids than untreated silage. Formic acid-treated silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more acetic acid and less lactic acid were produced than in untreated silage. However, when formic acid was applied in combination with formaldehyde, the ensiling fermentation was inhibited more than when formaldehyde was applied alone. There was some apparent protection of protein by the formaldehyde treatment. Treatment with formic acid significantly increased the in vivo digestibility of both nitrogen and dry matter, but did not increase ad libitum intake or wool growth by sheep offered this silage. Compared to untreated silage, treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vivo digestibility of nitrogen, produced a non-significant increase in intake, and significantly increased wool growth. The treatment of lucerne with both formaldehyde and formic acid significantly increased in vivo digestibility of dry matter, ad libitum intake, and wool growth compared with untreated silage. The treatment of lucerne with a mixture of formaldehyde (0.9% of the dry matter) and formic acid (0.5% of the fresh weight) was a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation in order to increase the ad libitum intake of lucerne silage by sheep and their subsequent wool production. However, the intake and wool production of sheep offered such silage was still significantly less than that of sheep offered lucerne hay.

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage given to young growing steers: effect on intake, apparent digestibility and live-weight gains

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractSeventy-two, 4-month-old, British Friesian steers were used to investigate the effects of feeding a supplement of fish meal on the voluntary intake and live-weight gain by young growing cattle given a well preserved ryegrass silage. The silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50,100 or 150 g fish meal per kg silage dry matter (DM) and the diets were offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM per kg live weight (LW). Intakes were recorded daily, LW weekly and in vivo apparent digestibility over one 7-day period during the 132-day trial.For animals fed ad libitum, the absolute intake of dietary DM increased linearly with an increase in the level of fish-meal supplementation such that intake when the highest level of fish meal was given was significantly higher (P < 0·01) than when silage was given alone. However, DM intake per unit LW (approx. 24 g DM per kg LW) was not affected significantly (P > 0·05).Inclusion of fish meal in the diet did not affect the apparent digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, acid-detergent or neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) although there was a trend for slightly higher (P > 0·05) gross energy apparent digestibility when fish meal was given. Increasing the level of feeding reduced NDF digestibility. The coefficients measured at the 22 g and ad libitum levels of intake were lower (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively) than that measured at the 16 g DM per kg LW level.Animals given silage alone to appetite achieved LW gains of 0·6 kg/day. LW gains increased linearly with increasing level of feeding (P < 0·001) and increasing level offish-meal supplementation (P < 0·001).

Palatability,in situandin vitronutritive value of dried sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALILVANDI-BEHROOZYAR ◽  
M. DEHGHAN-BANADAKY ◽  
K. REZAYAZDI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYThe current study was conducted to determine chemical composition, nutrient content and availability, metabolizable energy (ME) content and nutritive value of sainfoin hay for ruminants. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used forin situandin vivoexperiments, to determine rumen degradability and digestibility of sainfoin hay. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was determined with feeding of sainfoin hay as the sole diet to achieve 10% more than maintenance energy requirements. Six Zandi ewes were used in the palatability experiment. Means for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and condensed tannins (CTs) of sainfoin hay were: 940·4 g/kg and 93·43, 12·13, 47·87, 43·33 and 2·13 g/kg DM, respectively.In situeffective degradability of CP and DM were 0·38 and 0·54 g/g with a ruminal outflow rate of 0·05/h, respectively. OM apparent digestibility was in the range of 0·592–0·689, respectively, for Tilley & Terry and total faecal collection assays. ME content of sainfoin hay, according to different methods (gas production,in vitroandin vivodetermined digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD)) was in the range 6·87–10·11 MJ/kg DM. Metabolizable protein (MP) content was 483·4 g/kg CP. Sainfoin was more palatable than alfalfa for sheep. It was concluded that sainfoin has a potential use in ruminant rations, especially if environmental conditions are not suitable for alfalfa production.

A note on the apparent digestibility and nutritive value of whole cottonseed given to sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karalazos ◽  
D. Dotas ◽  
J. Bikos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Four castrated crossbred (Karagouniki♂ × Friesian♀) rams were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design to determine the apparent digestibility of four diets based on alfalfa hay and maize grain and containing varying proportions of whole cottonseed (WCS). The proportions of WCS studied were 0, 175, 355 and 530 g/kg diet dry matter (DM) and the respective apparent digestibility coefficients of DM were 0·744, 0·716, 0·689 and 0·625; of organic matter, 0·772, 0·739, 0·718 and 0·643; and of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), 0·409, 0·481, 0·522 and 0·472. The gross energy (GE) apparent digestibility coefficients were 0·745, 0·722, 0·704 and 0·641, for the same order of treatments. The effect of the incorporation of WCS instead of maize grain in the diet in significantly reducing DM, OM and GE digestibility was evident. The lowest digestible energy value of WCS was observed in the treatment with the highest level of WCS.

COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE, DIGESTIBILITE ET INGESTION VOLONTAIRE D’ENSILAGES D’HERBES ET DE MAIS PAR DES AGNEAUX

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
J.-C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Chemical analysis, in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake measurements were used to determine the nutritive value of different crops made as silage for sheep. In the first experiment, grass silages contained less N-NH3 than corn–pea silage. Digestible energy intake of grass silage treated with formic acid was higher than that which was untreated. Digestibility, dry matter intake and the nutritive value index were higher for corn–pea silage than for treated or untreated grass silage. In the second experiment, six different silages were made. Corn was harvested at the milk and dough stages of growth and after a frost and was chopped at either 1.3 cm or 0.6 cm. Silage made with corn harvested after a frost and chopped at 1.3 cm and that made with corn harvested at the milk stage and chopped at 0.6 cm had higher N-NH3 content than the others. Fine chopping decreased digestibility of silages harvested at earlier maturity stages but increased the digestible energy of the corn silage harvested after a frost. Voluntary intake was greater with silages harvested at the later dates than with silage harvested at the milk stage.

scholarly journals Nutritive value and digestibility of macronutrients from sheep and alpaca skin hydrolysates as a new alternative in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Jorge Araníbar-Araníbar ◽  
Bernardo Roque-Huanca ◽  
Harnold Segundo Portocarrero-Prado ◽  
Francisco Halley Rodríguez-Huanca ◽  
María del Pilar Blanco-Espezúa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout

Abstract Background The protein source from fish meal is very important in trout feeding, but it is expensive and very scarce. Alternative nutrient sources are required to achieve sustainability as trout production rapidly grows in Peru. The objective of this research was to determine the proximate chemical composition and the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, and digestible energy of hydrolyzed sheep (HSS) and alpaca (HSA) skins in juvenile rainbow trout. Methods A total of 450 fishes were randomly distributed in nine digestibility tanks, with 60.0 ± 1.32 g of initial weight and 6.4 kg/m3 of stocking density. The water quality parameters were as follows: pH 8.4, temperature 11.5 °C, and dissolved oxygen 6.2 mg/l. The skin hydrolysates were treated at 130 °C with 15 psi pressure for 120 min. Fish were fed a reference diet and an experimental diet containing 70% reference diet and 30% skin hydrolysate. The ingredients of the diets were mixed and then extruded at 95 °C with 4-mm diameter (Extruder Khal® EE800). The ADC was determined by the indirect method using insoluble ash as a non-digestible marker. Results The ADC in HSS and HSA was similar for dry matter (67.7 vs 69.1%), organic matter (66.9 vs 68.2%), crude protein (70.4 vs 70.1%), and digestible energy (3.35 vs 3.24 Mcal/kg DM), but crude fat values were different (12.3 vs 48.0%; p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The hydrolyzed sheep and alpaca skins had a high content of macronutrients with an acceptable apparent digestibility of nutrients, making them a viable alternative to improve the nutritive value of more economical feeds for rainbow trout feed.

Formaldehyde as a silage additive. I. The chemical composition and nutritive value of frozen lucerne, lucerne silage, and formaldehyde-treated lucerne silage

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Brown ◽  
SC Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Ad Libitum

Formaldehyde-treated silages, frozen lucerne, and untreated silage were prepared from a lucerne stand and offered to Merino wethers. Formalin was applied at rates of 16.6, 24.9, and 33.1 g formaldehyde per 100 g crude protein. Formaldehyde-treated silages had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total and individual organic acids than did untreated silage, and hence the ensiling fermentation was inhibited by formaldehyde. Formaldehyde treatment of lucerne partly protected plant proteins against microbial degradation during in vitro rumen liquor digestion and so reduced ammonia nitrogen concentrations in the supernatant. Ad libitum dry matter intakes and in vivo dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities were significantly lower for the treated silages than for frozen lucerne or untreated silage. The treatment of lucerne with formaldehyde at concentrations of 16.6 g formaldehyde per 100 g crude protein and above was not a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation to increase the voluntary consumption of lucerne silage by sheep.

Energy values of whole lucerne (Medicago sativa) and of its stem and leaf fractions in immature and fully grown sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Margan ◽  
NM Graham ◽  
TW Searle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

Chopped lucerne hay (Medicago sativa) and a stem fraction derived from it were fed to two adult and two immature wethers ad libitum and at a level near maintenance. Energy, nitrogen, and carbon balances were measured during feeding and fasting. The hay contained 17% crude protein and 46% cell wall constituents (dry matter basis) and the stem, which was 53% of the total, contained 10% crude protein and 64% cell wall. Voluntary dry matter consumption rates of the hay (per kg 3/4) were 103 and 145 g/day by the adults and immatures, respectively; the corresponding values for the stem were 73 and 100 g/day. Maximum daily energy balances were 290-3 16 kJ/kg3/4 for the hay and approximately maintenance for the stem. With both ad libitum and restricted feeding, energy digestibility was higher for the hay (56- 63%) than for the stem fraction (45-51%). The metabolizable fraction of digestible energy was 78% at the low and 82% at the high level of feeding and tended to be greater with the stem than with the hay. At the lower feed intake, metabolizable energy was about 10 and 8 MJ/kg organic matter for whole lucerne and stem respectively. Net availability of metabolizable energy was 64 and 49% for maintenance and gain on the hay, compared with 53 and 34% on the stem. As estimated by difference, the energy values of leaf were: digestible energy, 76%; metabolizable energy, 77% of digestible energy or 12.4 MJ/kg organic matter; net availability of metabolizable energy, 78% for maintenance and 60% for gain. All these figures are for the adult sheep; the immature animals gave values that were lower to various degrees. Consideration of the present results together with published data for other samples of lucerne suggests that the use of equations based on study of grasses to predict the energy values of lucerne is likely to introduce significant bias. Equations for this limited set of data on lucerne are given, gross energy being related to crude protein content, metabolizable energy to crude fibre and net availability of metabolizable energy to metabolizable energy content.

Intakes andin vivoapparent digestibilities of four types of conserved grass forage by ponies

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
A. C. Longland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Gross Energy

AbstractThe intakes and in vivo apparent digestibilities (AD) of four forages: hay (H), haylage (HY), big-bale silage (BB) and clamp silage (CS), were investigated in Welsh cross pony geldings (live weight (LW) ca. 330 kg). The trial was a 4✕4 Latin-square design with diets offered at 1•65 g/kg dry matter (DM) per100 kg LW per day, in two equal meals. Food and faecal samples were analysed for DM, organic matter, crude protein (CP), gross energy, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) composition and content. Significant differences (P < 0·05) in DM intakes (DMI) g/kg M0·75were recorded between foods, where HY = BB = H > CS. For all measurements AD was significantly (P < 0·05) higher for BB and CS than for H, with HY being intermediate in all but digestibilities of Ca and Mg. Digestibility of NSP of BB and CS were significantly (P < 0·05) greater than for H and HY. The digestible energy (DE) of H, HY, BB and CS were 5·75, 9·09, 9·83 and 11·98 MJ/kg DM respectively, which coupled with the corresponding DMI resulted in all foods but H meeting the theoretical daily DE requirements of the ponies. Similarly, theoretical digestible CP requirements were met on all diets except H. NSP fractions accounted for 0·5 of daily DE in both H and BB, which were significantly (P < 0·05) higher than for CS and HY at 0·4 and 0·2 respectively. These results indicate that CS, BB and HY are readily digested by ponies and thus offer suitable high-energy alternatives to hay in horse rations.

The energy values and nutritive value indices of Digitaria decumbens, Sorghum almum, and Phaseolus atropurpureus

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson ◽  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens

Two subtropical grasses, Digitaria decumbens and Sorghum almum, and one legume, Phaseolus atropurpureus (var. Siratro), cut at different ages were fed to sheep indoors to measure voluntary intake and apparent energy digestibility. Energy values of dry matter ranged from 4.11 to 4.48 kcal/g and those of organic matter from 4.47 to 4.94 kcal/g. There was a positive correlation between the energy value of organic matter and the crude protein content (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). The apparent digestibility of feed energy was correlated with species, age, and dry matter digestibility but there were significant differences between the regression equations for each species. Age was the most important factor determining the digestible energy content of the three species, and the energy value of digestible organic matter varied from 3.860 to 4.801 kcal/g. This value was positively correlated with protein content. The intake of digestible energy (kcal/kg0.75) was approximately four times as great for young cuts as for mature cuts of both grasses. Nutritive value index (N.V.I.) was closely correlated with the intake of digested energy for the three species (r > 0.998, P < 0.001), but the regression coefficient for S. almum was significantly different from those for D. decumbens and P. atropurpureus. The relative merits of the digestible energy and N.V.I. methods of expressing the energy value of pasture are discussed, and it is concluded that digestible energy is the more suitable method.

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