Effects of ethephon on fruit yield, colour and pungency of cayenne and paprika peppers

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krajayklang ◽  
A. Klieber ◽  
R. B. H. Wills ◽  
P. R. Dry
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Chemical Ripening ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Yield Colour

Summary. ‘PS72285’ paprika pepper and ‘Caysan SPS705’ cayenne chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were treated with ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] with the aim of synchronising maturation for once-only machine harvesting. Ethephon solutions of 0, 1000, 3000 or 5000 µL/L were applied once as foliar applications to pot-grown plants in a shadehouse at the Waite Campus, Adelaide. The effects of ethephon on red fruit yield, colour intensity, pungency, abscission and defoliation were determined. Ethephon did accelerate fruit maturation of both cultivars by increasing the percentage of red marketable fruit for chillies and decreasing the percentage of green paprika fruit. The intensity of extractable red colour in chilli fruit was increased by 16% for 1000 µL ethephon/L, while pungency improved by 46 and 48% for 1000 and 3000 µL ethephon/L respectively. However, red marketable fruit yields measured as fresh and dry weight decreased in chillies due to a large number of abscised fruit. Paprika quality and yield were unaffected. Ethephon also induced defoliation and fruit skin damage. Thus, this study found little benefit from using ethephon as a chemical ripening agent.

scholarly journals Plant Morphology and Yield of Paprika Pepper in Response to Method of Stand Establishment

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1282-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Cooksey ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
James E. Motes
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Nontreated seed, primed seed, and transplants were compared for effects on stand establishment, plant morphology, and yield of paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Nontreated seed was satisfactory for stand establishment, although primed seed had the potential to provide greater initial stands. When populations were made equal by thinning, there were few differences in stem and leaf dry weight, fruit yield, or plant morphology attributed to seed treatment. Generally, morphology of plants established by direct seeding was favorable for mechanical harvest. Using transplants did not result in higher marketable fruit yields than direct seeding in 2 of 3 years. When compared to plants established by direct seeding, three trends were consistent across all 3 years for plants established by transplanting: 1) they were more massive, 2) they had larger vertical fruiting planes, and 3) they had more branches. These traits increase the difficulty of mechanical harvest and create the potential for more leaves and stems (trash) in the harvested product. Thus, transplanting is not recommended for stand establishment of paprika pepper intended for mechanical harvest.

scholarly journals Sweet pepper production in substrate in response to salinity, nutrient solution management and training system

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
José S Rubio ◽  
Walter E Pereira ◽  
Francisco Garcia-Sanchez ◽  
Luis Murillo ◽  
Antonio L García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Training System ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the marketable fruit yield of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum cv. Orlando) in function of the management of nutrient solution with training system. Plants were grown on coconut coir dust under greenhouse conditions in the southeast of Spain. A randomized block design in split-split plot with four blocks was used to test the effect of the nutrient solution strength (full or half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution), training system (two and three stems per plant) and water salinity (saline and non-saline) on total and marketable yield, fruit quality, and fruit mineral concentration. Salt treatment decreased fruit yield by decreasing the fruit fresh weight but not the number of fruits per plant. Under saline and non-saline conditions, the higher yield of fruits was obtained in plants watered with half-strength Hoagland solution, and grown with three stems per plant. Blossom end rot incidence increased under saline conditions or using full-strength Hoagland solution, but decreased with the combination of half-strength Hoagland solution and three-stem training system. Salt treatment also decreased fruit quality in all the treatments due to a decrease in PO2-, SO4(2-), Fe2+;3+, Cu1+;2+ and Mn2+ concentrations, and fruit shape index. Likewise, plants exposed to salinity and watered with half-strength Hoagland solution and trained with three stems showed a reduction in juice glucose and fructose concentration. Based on these results, an increase of the marketable fruit yield could be obtained under non or moderate saline conditions with the implementation of suitable culture practices.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Azotobacter dan Kompos Kulit Buah Kakao Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Efisiensi Penggunaan Nitrogen Pada Pembibitan Utama Kelapa Sawit

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Wilda Lumban Tobing ◽  
Mariani Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Area ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The University

<p>The expansion of oil palm plantations continues to increase so that it requires quality seed. Nurseries need to be done before moving to the field. The use of Azotobacter and cocoa fruit skin compost is one way to increase the  growth and nitrogen use efficiency in oil palm in main nursery. This research was aimed to know the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of palm oil in main nursery. This research was conducted on the research area of the Agricultural Agribusiness College of Agriculture Practices (STIPAP) Medan and the Laboratory of Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) of North Sumatra and the Agricultural Laboratory of the University of North Sumatera from February until Juli 2013. The method used was Randomized Group Design factorial with 3 replications and followed by Duncan test at α=5%. The first factor is Azotobacter including without giving Azotobacter (A0), 20 ml/polybag (A1) and 40 ml/polybag (A2). The second factor is cocoa fruit skin compost, which consists of 3 of them, namely without compost (K0), 125 g/polybag (K1), and 250 g/polybag (K2). The research parameters were plant dry weight (g), nitrogen uptake (mg) and N use efficiency (EPN). The results showed that the use of Azotobacter and cocoa fruit skin compost were able to significantly increasing dry weight of plant and N uptake of oil palm seeds and gave the highest EPN value of 12.93.  </p>

scholarly journals No Evidence of Adverse Effects on Germination, Emergence, and Fruit Yield due to Space Exposure of Tomato Seeds

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Mean Time

Seeds of `Rutgers California Supreme' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were exposed to outer space conditions aboard the long duration exposure facility (LDEF) satellite in the space exposed experiment developed for students (SEEDS) project of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Seeds aboard the LDEF were packed in dacron bags forming four layers per sealed canister. Some of these seeds were used in Oklahoma and Florida for studies of germination, emergence, and fruit yield. Among all measured variables in three experiments, there was only one significant main effect of canister 2 versus canister 7 (for mean time to germination) and only one main effect of layer (for seedling shoot dry weight). There also were only two inconsistent canister x layer interactions in the germination tests. The contrast of Earth-based control seed versus space-exposed seed was significant four times: in Oklahoma in 1991 the mean time to germination of space-exposed seeds and the days to 50% of final germination were 0.7 days less than for Earth-based seeds, and in Florida in 1992 seedling percent emergence and shoot dry weight were increased by space exposure. Fruit yield and marketability were unaffected in plants grown from space-exposed seeds. These results support student findings from the SEEDS project, and provide evidence that tomato seeds can survive in space for several years without adverse effects on germination, emergence, and fruit yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

Growth, Fruit Yield, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Leaf Microelement Concentration of Two Blueberry Cultivars under Different Long-Term Soil pH Treatments

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqin Jiang ◽  
Qilong Zeng ◽  
Jiguang Wei ◽  
Jiafeng Jiang ◽  
Yajing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Flowering Date

Soil pH is a key factor affecting the growth of blueberries. Understanding the response mechanism of blueberries to different pH values and selecting suitable evaluation indexes are the basis of breeding new blueberry cultivars with high pH tolerances. The effects of different soil pH treatments for 17 months on the plant growth, fruit yield, photosynthetic characteristics, and leaf microelement concentration of Vaccinium ashei Reade ‘Climax’ and V. corymbosum hybrid ‘Chaoyue No. 1′ were studied. Plant height, main stem diameter, branch number per plant, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight decreased with increasing soil pH. With an increase in soil pH, the first flowering date, 50% flowering date, first ripening date, and 50% ripening date of the two cultivars were postponed, and the flower bud numbers per plant, the floret numbers per bud, and yield per plant showed a downward trend. Moreover, the fruit quality decreased, which was reflected in the increase in the titratable acid content (TA) and the decrease in the total soluble solids content (TSS) and the TSS:TA ratio in the high pH treatment. With increasing soil pH, the chlorophyll content index (CCI), maximal photochemical efficiency of the PSII (Fv/Fm), quantum photosynthetic yield of the PSII (Y(II)) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the two cultivars showed a downward trend, and some microelement concentrations in the leaves were imbalanced. Under high pH treatment, ‘Chaoyue No. 1′ had a relatively higher plant biomass and fruit yield, so it had a stronger tolerance to high pH than ‘Climax’ did. More strongly acidified rhizosphere soil capacity, as well as higher CCI, Fv/Fm, Y(II), and Pn values were the main reasons for the high pH tolerance of ‘Chaoyue No. 1′. Compared with destructive biomass indicators such as plant weight, nondestructive indicators such as CCI, Fv/Fm, and Y(II) can be more valuable indicators for fast and accurate evaluation of blueberry tolerance to high pH at early stages of treatment.

Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon Enhanced by Hairy Vetch Green Manure and Partial Cultivar Resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Zhou ◽  
K. L. Everts
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Soil Fumigants

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) green manure is a newly-described potential management tool for Fusarium wilt of watermelon, but control is insufficient when watermelon, especially triploid watermelon, is grown in severely infested soils. A field experiment in a split-split-plot design was conducted over two years to evaluate efficacy of hairy vetch green manure alone and in combination with a moderately wilt-resistant (MR) triploid watermelon cultivar for wilt suppression compared with preplant soil fumigants. Either the soil-incorporated hairy vetch winter cover crop or the MR cultivar was effective in reducing wilt incidence, promoting plant vine growth, and increasing fruit yield. However, neither approach alone resulted in disease reductions sufficient to obtain an acceptable level of marketable fruit yield. An additive effect was observed when both treatments were combined and was greater than that obtained with the fumigants methyl bromide or metam sodium. Stem colonization by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was lower following hairy vetch green manure than in fallow treatments, and was lowest in the MR cultivar grown in green-manured plots. The combined use of hairy vetch green manure and a MR cultivar can enhance suppression of Fusarium wilt in triploid watermelon. Accepted for publication 25 February 2006. Published 5 April 2006.

Effects of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Status of Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of various barnyardgrass populations on growth, yield, and nutrient concentration of transplanted “Jetstar’ tomato. Barnyardgrass densities at 16, 32, and 64 plants/m tomato row were tested in 1982 and 1983. Barnyardgrass shoot fresh weights/unit area increased as density increased. Fresh weight of barnyardgrass shoots ranged from 17 100 kg/ha at 16 plants/m of row to 35 500 kg/ha at 64 plants/m of row. At the vegetative stage, tomato shoot dry weight was unaffected by barnyardgrass. As crop growth progressed, tomato shoot dry weight decreased at all barnyardgrass densities. Season-long interference of barnyardgrass reduced marketable tomato fruit number and fruit weight at all densities compared to weed-free plots. Reductions in marketable fruit weight ranged from 26% to 16 plants/m row to 84% at 64 plants/m row. In 1982, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in tomato shoots were unaffected by season-long interference of barnyardgrass at all densities. However, in 1983, concentrations of N and K decreased and concentration of P increased in tomato leaves as the density of barnyardgrass increased. Concentrations of Ca and Mg in tomato leaves were unaltered by barnyardgrass density.

scholarly journals Establishment Technique and Rootstock Impact ‘Chambourcin’ Grapevine Morphology and Production in Missouri

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Thomas ◽  
Jackie L. Harris ◽  
Elijah A. Bergmeier ◽  
R. Keith Striegler
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

An evaluation of establishment techniques and rootstocks for ‘Chambourcin’ hybrid grape (Vitis sp.) was conducted 2009–12. Our objective was to evaluate four establishment methods and their interactions with grafted and ungrafted vines in terms of vine morphology and early fruit production under southwest Missouri conditions. The study was established in May 2009, as a factorial experiment comparing four establishment methods (open-trained without protection—two shoots, grow tube protected—two shoots, paperboard carton protected—two shoots, and fan-trained without protection—six shoots) across two vine types (own-rooted and grafted to ‘Couderc 3309’ hybrid grape rootstock). All vines in four of 12 field replications were destructively harvested near the conclusion of the first growing season, with leaf area and total vine dry matter determined. In years 3 and 4, yield, fruit composition, and vegetative growth were determined from the eight remaining replications. The fan training method increased leaf area and total vine dry matter compared with the other methods, but none of the establishment techniques affected fruit yield. Trunks that were tube protected had longer internodes, smaller diameter, and less dry matter, whereas both protection devices reduced glyphosate injury. Vine type (grafted and ungrafted) did not impact total leaf area or dry weight during the establishment year, but grafted vines had increased trunk and root shank dry weights compared with own-rooted vines. Grafted vines produced greater fruit yield in 2012. The fan training method required more labor to execute; although it was successful at increasing leaf area and root dry weight, it increased susceptibility to glyphosate injury and did not promote increased precocity or early fruit yield.

scholarly journals Influence of NaCl Salinity and Different Substracts on Plant Growth, Mineral Nutrient Assimilation and Fruit Yield of Strawberry

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar RAHIMI ◽  
Ali BIGLARIFARD
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Assimilation ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A hydroponic culture was carried out with strawberry cv. Camarosa to investigate the effects of four salinity levels and four different substrates on plant growth, mineral nutrient assimilation and fruit yield of strawberry. Total dry weight accumulation of plants was not inhibited at low salinities, but it was significantly inhibited at 60 mM NaCl. Dry mass (DM) partitioning in NaCl-stressed plants was in favor of crown and petioles and at the expense of root, stem and leaf, whereas leaf, stem and root DM progressively declined with an increase in salinity. Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) significantly decreased in cv. Camarosa at 60 and 90 mM. Results also showed that the presence of NaCl in the root medium induced an increase in total Na+ content of the plants in the shoot and root. Despite Na+ and K+, the increase in total inorganic ions resulted from increasing salinity, with Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations decreasing in shoot and increasing in roots with an increase in salinity. For all micro- and macroelements however, significant concentration changes related to different substrates were not detected in the present experiments. Results also showed a significant decline of Fe content of 40% and 49% in shoot and root, respectively.

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