Effect of nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus fertilizer on the production, mineral content and cyanide potential of forage sorghum

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (104) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Wheeler ◽  
DA Hedges ◽  
KA Archer ◽  
BA Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
New South ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
One Year

An experiment to determine the effect of nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus fertilizer, applied at sowing, on the growth and chemical composition of a hybrid sorghum x sudangrass forage, is reported. The factorial design was repeated at six sites in northern New South Wales in one year, 1976-77. Urea (50 kg nitrogen ha-1) substantially reduced plant populations at three sites. At the first harvest, dry matter production, after adjustment for plant population, was more than doubled by 20 kg phosphorus ha-1; yields were depressed by nitrogen where phosphorus was withheld. Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) potential (mean 0.04%), was increased 28% by nitrogen fertilizer, and reduced 34% by phosphorus fertilizer. Sulphur content was increased from 0.15 to 0.17% by nitrogen fertilizer, and reduced from 0.175 to 0.142% by the phosphorus treatment; it was unaffected by 20 or 50 kg sulphur ha-1 applied at sowing. At two sites, phosphorus increased the sodium concentration but the enhanced levels were still below recommended dietary requirements. The ratio of nitrogen : sulphur (after adjustment for potential loss of sulphur in the detoxication of HCN), was increased from 25:1 to 29:1 by nitrogen fertilizer. The response to sulphur was slight, and the effect of phosphorus was inconsistent. Similar but reduced effects on growth and composition occurred in the second harvest. Hydrocyanic acid levels were much higher, and the adjusted nitrogen:sulphur ratios were exceptionally wide. On the evidence available it appears that the direct supplementation of animals is the most feasible means of ensuring adequate levels of sulphur and sodium in the diet.

Summer forages under irrigation. 3. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, mineral composition and digestibility of a sorghum cross Sudangrass hybrid and Japanese barnyard millet

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
South Wales

Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense hybrid cv. Sudax ST6 and Echinochloa utilis cv. Shirohie were grown under irrigation at Trangie, New South Wales. Six rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer were applied at sowing: 0, 25, 50, 120, 300, 450 kg N/ha. Height and dry matter yield were recorded at head emergence, together with the leaf hydrocyanic acid (HCN) potential, and leaf and stem dry matter digestibility, nitrogen, sulfur and sodium contents. Both the sorghum hybrid and the millet reached maximum forage yields (16.1 and 7.6 t/ha, respectively) at 350 kg N/ha. However, the tall-growing forage sorghum produced more dry matter than millet and consequently was more responsive to fertilizer nitrogen. In sorghum the leaf HCN potential increased linearly in response to N (8.5 x 10-4 %/kg N.ha). Since there was no compensating increase in the sulfur content (0.072%), and, assuming a requirement of 1.2 g S/g of HCN detoxified, sorghum lacked sufficient sulfur to detoxify the HCN potentially released in the rumen from sorghum receiving 150-200 kg N/ha. At this rate of nitrogen application, sorghum was producing only two-thirds of its forage yield potential. The sodium content of sorghum (0.013%) was not affected by nitrogen. In millet the nitrogen and sodium contents increased as applied nitrogen promoted growth. Plant sulfur was diluted initially but the nitrogen: sulfur ratio increased steadily (0.0067 units/kg N.ha). In contrast to sorghum, therefore, nitrogen fertilizer can be used to increase the dry matter yield of millet without jeopardizing forage quality and hence animal production.

Productivity and reponse to nitrogen fertilizer of the native grass Danthonia racemosa (Wallaby Grass).

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
GG Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Exotic Grass

On the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Danthonia racemosa sown in both a field study and a pot experiment produced as much dry matter as any sown exotic grass species. Dry matter production of D. racemosa was least affected by dry weather conditions in the field while in pots it proved equally as responsive asphalaris tuberosa to nitrogen fertilizer. However, production of D. racemosa during winter was lower than P. tuberosa.

Overwintering of Tranzchelia discolor in prune orchards in New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Ellison ◽  
L McFadyen ◽  
PF Kable
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
South Wales ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tranzschelia Discolor ◽  
Better Than

There are several ways in which Tranzschelia discolor may overwinter in prune orchards in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas of New South Wales. The aecial state, cross-infection from peach and almond, twig cankers, and urediniospores on living leaves persisting through winter were considered, but were thought to be unlikely. The ability of urediniospores to survive on infected leaf litter, either on the ground under trees or lodged within the framework of trees, was studied over two winters. Urediniospore viability declined with time, but in both seasons a proportion were capable of germination in the spring. Spores exposed within the tree framework survived better than those exposed on the ground, with about 20% and less than 5% respectively remaining viable by spring. In both winters spores from litter which overwintered within the framework of the tree were able to infect prune leaves in the spring. The infectivity of spores exposed on the ground was tested in the spring of one year and infections resulted on inoculated plants. The implications of these findings for the control of the rust in prunes are discussed.

Contributions to the Biology of Mulga. II. Germination

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Preece
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
New South ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
One Year ◽  
Acacia Aneura

Investigations into the germination behaviour of seed of the widespread Australian arid zone leguminous tree Acacia aneura Benth. are described. Hardseededness has been overcome in routine laboratory studies, but attempts to understand the mechanism by which it is overcome in nature were unsuccessful. The seed germinates equally well in the dark and in the light within the temperature range 15-36°C. Temperatures between 20 and 30° are optimal for germination, and carbon dioxide concentrations up to 5 % increase the germination rate above that displayed in ambient air. A simple model has been developed which suggests that seed of this species should have been available and should have germinated in c. one year in every nine, since records began in parts of western New South Wales where mulga regeneration is absent.

Varieties of tomatoes for mechanical harvesting on the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of NSW

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
JB Sumeghy ◽  
HC Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Time Of Harvest

To test the potential suitability of ten tomato varieties in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales to mechanical harvesting, the yields from 'once-over' harvests were compared with the yields from a harvest consisting of four pickings at weekly intervals. In a second experiment the effect of plant spacing, time of harvest, and side-dressing with nitrogen fertilizer were studied for the most promising varieties from the first experiment. The varieties Roma 884, VF145-22-8, and VF145 held their crops for prolonged periods without deterioration and so showed potential for mechanical harvesting. High planting density gave the highest yields from a single picking, and later picking and nitrogen side-dressing also increased yield.

Response of Inga rice to nitrogen fertilizer rate and timing in New South Wales

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan ◽  
LG Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

Two experiments were done at the Yanco Agricultural Research Centre, New South Wales, in 1978-79 and 1979-80 to measure the response of long grain rice, cv. Inga, to rates of nitrogen applied at two different times. The highest yields were recorded when the nitrogen was applied at panicle initiation. Increasing the rate from 100 to 200 kg N/ha at panicle initiation had no effect on grain yield. When the nitrogen was applied earlier, just before permanent water, yields were highest at 50 kg N/ha and declined at the highest rates (150 and 200 kg N/ha). This negative yield response was mainly due to a drop in the percentage of filled florets, and occurred despite an increase in panicle number.

Major Achievement by Associate Professor Johanna Westbrook: Election to the American College of Medical Informatics as an International Fellow

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Keyword(s):  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
New South ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
South Wales ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

Congratulations to Associate Professor Johanna Westbrook PhD, MHA, GradDipAppEpi, BAppSc (Medical Record Administration), who has been elected to the American College of Medical Informatics as an International Fellow. The Fellowship is the highest recognition possible in the health informatics discipline. Based upon peer election from current College Fellows, no more than two Fellowships are offered in any one year, and there are currently only two other Australian Fellows. This is a wonderful honour as it marks the highest peer recognition possible from the international community, reflecting Johanna's outstanding research work. Johanna is currently Deputy Director of the Centre for Health Informatics at the University of New South Wales and is an honorary Associate Professor at the School of Health Information Management at the University of Sydney. Johanna has published over 80 refereed journal articles and has received numerous research grants, the most recent of which is a National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant of $583 000 for a study investigating the safety and effectiveness of hospital e-prescribing systems.

Production of summer crops in northern New South Wales. II. Effects of tillage and crop rotation on yields of sorghum

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Holland ◽  
DF Herridge
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
One Year ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Rotation Crop

Two crops of sorghum were grown in successive summer seasons at 3 sites on alkaline, black earth soils near Tamworth, New South Wales following either soyabeans, mungbeans, cowpeas, pigeonpeas, sunflowers or sorghum. Tillage practices were cultivation using a chisel plough and scarifier, and no-tillage using atrazine and glyphosate for weed control. Variation in grain yield (1.0-8.4 t/ha) was largely associated with variation in Dec.-Feb. rainfall (128-475 mm). An average of 15 kg grain/ha was produced for each mm water above the threshold value of 83 mm. At the high (Site A) and low (Site C) N-fertility sites, the rotation effect on sorghum yields was significant for one year, but did not carry over to a second sorghum crop. Cowpeas were the best rotation crop, followed by sunflowers mungbeans and soyabeans. At the low N-fertility site, sorghum following cowpeas outyielded sorghum after sorghum by 47% in the unfertilized plots and by an aExperiments to examine the effects of tillage practice and crop sequence on the production of sorghum grain in northern New South Wales are described. Two crops of sorghum were grown in successive seasons at three sites on alkaline, black earth soils near Tamworth following either soybean, mungbean, cowpea, pigeonpea, sunflower or sorghum. Tillage practices were cultivation using a chisel plough and scarifier, and no-tillage using atrazine and glyphosate for weed control. Variation in grain yield (1.0 to 8.4 t/ha) was largely associated with variation in December-February rainfall (128 to 475 mm). We calculated that an average of 15 kg/ha of grain was produced for each mm water above the threshold value of 83 rnm. At the high (Site A) and low (Site C) N-fertility sites, the rotation effect on sorghum yields was significant for one year, but did not carry over to a second sorghum crop. Cowpea was the best rotation crop, followed by sunflower, mungbean and soybean. At the low N-fertility site, sorghum following cowpea outyielded sorghum after sorghum by 47% in the unfertilized plots and by an average of 27% over all N treatments. It is likely that the increased yields of sorghum in the rotation plots resulted from higher levels of plant available N from both N2 fixation activity (legumes only) and reduced amounts of N removed with the harvested grain (particularly cowpea and sunflower). At the non-responsive, moderate-fertility Site B, water, rather than N, was limiting. Responses to no-tillage were apparent only in the very dry 1984/85 season (December to February rainfall, 42% below average). In the other three seasons, the cultivated crops outyielded the no-tilled crops or the differences between the two practices were not significant.

Production from tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) at four contrasting sites in New South Wales

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
PL Milthorpe ◽  
PR Dann
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Good Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Fodder Crops

In 1985, experiments were conducted at 4 localities in south-eastern and central New South Wales, to assess the production potential of tagasaste. The results were disappointing: 2 experiments failed to establish because of soil waterlogging, while production from the other 2 sites was only intermittent. Annual dry matter production did not exceed 3 t/ha at Condobolin or 5 t/ha at Yass. Although survival of established plants was good, production was limited by prolonged dry periods at Condobolin and by low temperatures during winter at Yass. Tagasaste is costly to establish (up to $A500/ha) and difficult to manage. In our environments, conventional pastures or fodder crops which require simpler management would probably out-produce tagasaste at most times during the experimental period.

Production of two species and two interspecific hybrids of phalaris under irrigation in south-west New South Wales

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Read ◽  
JV Lovett
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
South West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Production

Two phalaris hybrids (Siro 11 46 and allopolyploid) and the parent lines (Phalaris aquatica and P. arundinacea) were compared in monoculture with nitrogen fertilizer and in a mixed sward with white clover and lucerne. The experiment was flood irrigated and the effects of defoliating the swards at intervals of 21, 42 and 84 days were measured. The hybrid (Siro 11 46) was the most productive genotype at all defoliation intervals. Eighty one % of its annual yield occurred in spring and summer. This production imbalance renders Siro 11 46 unsuitable as the foundation of a pasture for high production throughout the year. The mixed sward produced more than the monoculture sward when defoliated every 21 or 42 days and there was increased production associated with increased defoliation interval. The monoculture sward was more productive than the mixed sward at an 84 day defoliation interval. The yield of Siro 1146 + white clover was 2.25 t ha-1 per 84 days, compared with a mean yield of phalaris + white clover of 1.78 t ha-1 per 84 days for the three other genotypes. The results indicate that Siro 11 46 grown with white clover and defoliated approximately every 42 days would be a suitable alternative pasture to Paspalum dilatatum and white clover in the two-pasture system used in irrigation areas of southern New South Wales. The problems of low acceptability and suspected toxicity of Siro 1146 are discussed.

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