Mineral relationships in 'maturity bronzing' of banana fruit

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (95) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Campbell ◽  
WT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Mineral Imbalance ◽  
Fruit Skin

Two experiments have been conducted to explore the relations between the economically important disorder 'maturity bronzing' and a number of mineral elements. Neither irrigation nor fertilizer treatments had any significant effect on the degree of bronzing. In order to eliminate the highly significant seasonal effect, analyses were carried out on deviations from the appropriate harvest means. The techniques employed were a. stepwise multiple regression, and 6, principal component analysis of the within-harvests correlation matrix, followed by varimax rotation. The results suggest that fertilizer treatments can produce profound changes in the seasonal pattern of mineral content without significantly affecting the incidence of bronzing. When the effect of season is eliminated, bronzing shows a positive association with fruit-skin Cu and leaf Ca, and a negative association with fruit-skin Ca and Mg. However, these associations are relatively weak, and the results suggest that bronzing is not a direct result of mineral imbalance.

Differences between Nearshore and Offshore Phytoplankton Communities in Lake Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2155-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Eutrophic Species

Differences between nearshore and offshore phytoplankton biomass and composition were evident in Lake Ontario in 1982. Phytoplankton biomass was characterized by multiple peaks which ranged over three orders of magnitude. Perhaps as a consequence of the three times higher current velocities at the northshore station, phytoplankton biomass ranged from 0.09 to 9.00 g∙m−3 compared with 0.10 to 2.40 g∙m−3 for the midlake station. Bacillariophyceae was the dominant group at the northshore station until September when Cyanophyta contributed most to the biomass (83%). Although Bacillariophyceae was the principal component of the spring phytoplankton community at the midlake station, phytoflagellates (49%) and Chlorophyceae (25%) were responsible for summer biomass, with the Chlorophyceae expanding to 80% in the fall. The seasonal pattern of epilimnetic chlorophyll a correlated with temperature. While chlorophyll a concentrations were similar to values from 1970 and 1972, algal biomass had declined and a number of eutrophic species (Melosira binderana, Stephanodiscus tenuis, S. hantzschii var. pusilla, and S. alpinus) previously found were absent in 1982.

scholarly journals Mass Media Influence on Changing Healthy Lifestyle of Community People During COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110110
Author(s):  
Md. Nazrul Islam ◽  
Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam ◽  
Md. Sajjat Hossain ◽  
Md. Tabiur Rahman Prodhan ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mass Media Influence ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression Model

We aimed to assess mass media influence on changing the healthy lifestyle behavior of people during the early phase of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. Principal component analysis and stepwise multiple regression model showed that knowledge level, media credibility, and media check-in had the most considerable contribution to influencing community people’s healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry and Sexual Dimorphism in Human Facial Morphology: A Multi-Variate Study

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Omid Ekrami ◽  
Peter Claes ◽  
Ellen Van Assche ◽  
Mark D. Shriver ◽  
Seth M. Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
High Density ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Genetic Quality

(1) Background: Fluctuating asymmetry is often used as an indicator of developmental instability, and is proposed as a signal of genetic quality. The display of prominent masculine phenotypic features, which are a direct result of high androgen levels, is also believed to be a sign of genetic quality, as these hormones may act as immunosuppressants. Fluctuating asymmetry and masculinity are therefore expected to covary. However, there is lack of strong evidence in the literature regarding this hypothesis. (2) Materials and methods: In this study, we examined a large dataset of high-density 3D facial scans of 1260 adults (630 males and 630 females). We mapped a high-density 3D facial mask onto the facial scans in order to obtain a high number of quasi-landmarks on the faces. Multi-dimensional measures of fluctuating asymmetry were extracted from the landmarks using Principal Component Analysis, and masculinity/femininity scores were obtained for each face using Partial Least Squares. The possible correlation between these two qualities was then examined using Pearson’s coefficient and Canonical Correlation Analysis. (3) Results: We found no correlation between fluctuating asymmetry and masculinity in men. However, a weak but significant correlation was found between average fluctuating asymmetry and masculinity in women, in which feminine faces had higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry on average. This correlation could possibly point to genetic quality as an underlying mechanism for both asymmetry and masculinity; however, it might also be driven by other fitness or life history traits, such as fertility. (4) Conclusions: Our results question the idea that fluctuating asymmetry and masculinity should be (more strongly) correlated in men, which is in line with the recent literature. Future studies should possibly focus more on the evolutionary relevance of the observed correlation in women.

An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry approach for the identification of geographical origin of wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Xingpu Qi ◽  
Zaiyong Si ◽  
Qianwei Cheng ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Energy Channel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Origins

Abstract In this work, a method was established for discriminating geographical origins of wheat flour based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and chemometrics. 68 wheat flour samples from three different origins were collected and analyzed using ED-XRF technology. Firstly, the principal component analysis method was applied to analyze the feasibility of discrimination and reduce data dimensionality. Then, Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) was used to further extract feature variables, and 12 energy variables (corresponding to mineral elements) were identified and selected to characterize the geographical attributes of wheat flour samples. Finally, a non-linear model was constructed using principal component analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). The CARS-PCA-QDA model showed that the accuracy of five-fold cross-validation was 84.25%. The results showed that the established method was able to select important energy channel variables effectively and wheat flour could be classified based on geographical origins with chemometrics, which could provide a theoretical basis for unveiling the relationship between mineral element composition and wheat origin.

scholarly journals Developing a deprivation index to study geographical health inequalities in Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Andrés Peralta ◽  
Verónica Espinel-Flores ◽  
Mercè Gotsens ◽  
Glòria Pérez ◽  
Joan Benach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratios

OBJECTIVES: To develop a deprivation index to study health inequalities in 221 areas of Ecuador, to describe the pattern of deprivation in Ecuador, and to explore the applications of the index to study health inequalities by analysing the association between deprivation and mortality in the study areas. METHODS: We performed principal component analyses of available indicators of the 221 cantons of Ecuador. A set of 41 sociodemographic, social capital, and subjective well-being variables were obtained from the 2010 National Population Census and the National Living Conditions Survey 2013–2014. To explore the application of the index in public health, the association between the index and standardised mortality ratios was estimated through a Poisson regression model. RESULTS: The final index was constructed with 17 indicators. The first component explained 51.8% of the total variance of the data. A geographic pattern and a positive association of the index with the standardised mortality ratios of the cantons were observed in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed a deprivation index that can identify disadvantaged areas in Ecuador. This index could be a valuable tool for the detection of vulnerabilised populations and the development of interventions and policies adapted to local needs.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Content of Baccharis crispa Spreng. Regulated by Water Stress and Seasonal Variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-470
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Moreno-Pizani ◽  
Franklin Javier Paredes-Trejo ◽  
Asdrubal Jesus Farias-Ramirez ◽  
Hugo Thaner dos Santos ◽  
Adna Prado Massarioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

Carqueja (Baccharis crispa Spreng.) has been primarily used as a medicinal plant around the world. Commercially, the essential oil content of carqueja leaves is the most valuable crop productivity variable. We evaluated the effect of irrigation management in different growing seasons on the essential oil content of carqueja leaves using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in Southern Brazil, where the crop was cultivated for two years in different growing seasons under six irrigation regimes: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, and 150% of the reference crop evapotranspiration (T25, T50, T75, T100, T125, and T150, respectively). A seasonal pattern was observed in the number of metabolites of sesquiterpenes and phenolics in the essential oil extracted from the biomass; this outcome was correlated with irrigation regimes and air temperature. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to discriminate the influence of abiotic conditions on secondary metabolite profiles. Spathulenol was the most abundant compound in the essential oils (95.43%) collected during the summer (December–March) season during the third harvest (H3) at T150. The essential oil content was 8.84% ± 0.05% and 10.52% ± 0.10% in summer and winter (June–September), respectively, with T100 at 45 and 46 days after planting.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical study for relationship between vessel and lymphatic properties and tooth marks in human oral mucosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Inomata ◽  
Yoko Miwa ◽  
Shinichi Kawata ◽  
Takuya Omotehara ◽  
Iwao Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Tooth Marks

Angiogenesis is an important issue related to normal growth and differentiation, and it is a critical issue in the progression of human disease in oral mucosa. Tooth marks occur after clenching the teeth for a long period under muscle tension in the human oral cavity. However, the sites of angiogenesis, cell differentiation and microvessel density are not known for human mucosa with tooth marks. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the markers of differentiation (Ki-67), angiogenesis (CD31, D2-40, VEGF-A), and marks from teeth in the second molar region using immunohistochemical methods. In addition, we compared these areas with the mucous membrane. Our results revealed blood and lymphoid vessels in irregular mucosa structures, and the vessels in the oral mucosa were observed in three types of samples: dentulous, denture attachment (containing partial teeth), and edentulous samples. The localization of the angiogenesis was related to the structure of the oral mucosa of connective tissue in humans, such as the mucosal fold-like of the buccal region. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we found that tooth occlusal condition, gender, anti-VEGF-A reaction levels in oral mucosa of the epithelium were positive factors in all groups, which is in contrast to the negative association of Ki-67 reaction in the epithelium and CD31 expression. In addition, Ki-67 reaction in oral mucosa had negative impacts, in contrast to the positive association of D2-40. These PCA properties provide useful information for future study of tumour progression or mechanical stress in remodelling of oral mucosa and angiogenesis. Moreover, mechanical stress of the occlusal condition may be correlated with tumour angiogenic activity and cell differentiation in human oral mucosa.

Factors influencing children’s use of urban green spaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isil Kaymaz ◽  
Dicle Oguz ◽  
Ozlem Candan Cengiz-Hergul
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Surveys And Questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns and factors related to 6- to 12-year-old children’s and their parents’ green space use behaviours in Çayyolu neighbourhood of Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected through draw and write surveys and questionnaire surveys at selected schools, and direct observations in eight parks in the neighbourhood. A total of 418 children and 383 of their parents participated in the surveys. In all, 498 recordings were made during on-site observations. Findings suggest that there is an interaction between park visiting patterns of parents and their children. Taking children to parks was a major motivation for – particularly female (p < 0.05) – parents to go outdoors. Most children (75%) used only gardens of their houses or housing complexes. There was a positive association between parents’ and children’s duration of visit (p = 0.00). Principal component analysis revealed three factors (52% of the total variance) effecting parents’ influence on their children’s use of green spaces; benefits of spending time outdoors, safety concerns and design characteristics. Results indicate that environmental design is not solely a factor in use of green spaces; understanding and promoting children’s use of green spaces should involve a holistic approach that includes social, cultural and physical aspects of the environment.

Relations among Self-Talk, Self-Consciousness, and Self-Knowledge

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann F. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Self Knowledge

The aim of this study was to examine the relations among self-talk, self-consciousness, and self-knowledge through an exploratory principal component analysis and to test the hypothesis that only the functional and reflective aspects of self-consciousness contribute to self-knowledge. A self-report questionnaire including 6 scales assessing different aspects of self-talk, self-consciousness, and self-knowledge was administered to 203 German undergraduate university students. A principal component analysis of the scales yielded a two-factor solution, supporting the distinction between functional and dysfunctional self-consciousness. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, only functional self-consciousness was a significant predictor of self-knowledge. Limitations of the present measures of inner speech are addressed.

Genotypic variation for seed yield components in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽  
F. I. Gawler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Seed Yield Components

Seed yield is an important criterion that determines the commercial acceptability of new cultivars. Often, the seed yielding capacity of a forage cultivar is tested only in the final stages of its development. A more efficient strategy would be to screen and select plants for seed yield at an early stage of breeding. An important objective of the National White Clover Breeding Program based at the Agriculture Victoria Pastoral and Veterinary Institute, Hamilton, is to assess the genetic diversity for important morphological attributes among germplasm accessions. A set of 53 accessions, which included germplasm collected from Morocco and Tunisia and a range of commercial cultivars, was characterised for seed yield components. The seed yield components were number of ripe inflorescences, number of florets per ripe inflorescence, number of seeds per pod, floret size, and inflorescence height. Potential seed yield was estimated. The magnitude of genotypic variation, together with the accession mean repeatability estimates, indicated the presence of genetic variation among the 53 accessions for all attributes. Both phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients indicated a strong positive association between total number of ripe inflorescences and seed yield. There was also a positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation between seed yield and number of florets per inflorescence. Cluster analysis of the 53 accessions based on seed yield components resulted in the generation of 6 groups. Principal component analysis helped to identify 5 accessions that could be potentially useful in improving the seed yield of white clover germplasm selected for superior agronomic and herbage yield attributes.

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