The effect of cockle-shell grit, dietary level of calcium and EDTA on eggshell quality and laying performance of crossbred hens

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Karunajeewa
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Cockle Shell ◽  
Ground Limestone

The eggshell quality and laying performance of White Leghorn x Australorp hens were measured in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment involving three levels (3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 per cent) of calcium, two calcium supplements (ground limestone and cockle-shell grit) and two levels (0 and 500 p.p.m.) of EDTA. The basal diet contained 14 per cent meat and bone meal as the sole protein supplement. Maximum eggshell quality was achieved on diets with 3.5 per cent calcium as ground limestone or 3.0 per cent calcium as cockle-shell grit plus ground limestone, respectively. Mortality increased with increasing levels of ground limestone in the diet. The dietary level of calcium had no effect on laying performance from 24 to 48 weeks of age but from 49 to 72 weeks of age, diets with 3.5 and 4.0 per cent calcium depressed rate of egg production (P < 0.05), hen-housed egg production (P < 0.01) and feed intake (P < 0.05) and increased mortality (P < 0.05). Egg weight, liveweight and feathering were not affected by calcium level in the diet but tibia-bone ash content was increased (P < 0.05) by the two higher levels of calcium. A daily intake of 3.5 g calcium per hen was adequate for maintenance of both eggshell quality and egg production. Compared with ground limestone, cockle-shell grit increased egg specific gravity (P < 0.05) and henhoused egg production from 49 to 72 weeks of age when the average daily maximum temperature was 27.2�C. It also increased feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced mortality (P < 0.05) during the 24 to 48 weeks of age period, increased liveweight gain (P < 0.01), final weight (P < 0.05) and feather condition (P < 0.05). EDTA decreased eggshell weight (P < 0.05) and eggshell weight per unit area (P < 0.05).

Influence of high calcium rearing diets, Christmas Island phosphate and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid on the laying performance of White Leghorn × Australorp hens

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
H Karunajeewa
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Reduced Rate

White Leghorn x Australorp pullets were reared on diets with either low (0.91-1.12 per cent) or high (1.45-1.93 per cent) levels of calcium; in the laying phase pullets from each rearing regime were fed diets with either sterilized bone meal or Christmas Island phosphate as sources of supplemental phosphorus. Each of these layer diets was supplemented with 0, 300 or 500 p.p.m. of EDTA. The level of calcium in the rearing diets had no significant effect on liveweight, feed intake or mortality of the pullets during either the rearing or laying phases. High calcium starter and grower diets, however, reduced rate of lay by 2.1 per cent (P < 0.05) and efficiency of feed conversion by 3.7 per cent (P < 0.01). There was also a non-significant tendency to lower shell thickness. The inclusion of 2.5 per cent Christmas Island phosphate in the laying diet, resulting in a daily intake of 46 mg of fluorine per hen, decreased rate of lay by 2.2 per cent (P < 0.05), hen-housed egg production by 11 eggs (P < 0.05) and efficiency of feed conversion by 5.0 per cent (P < 0.01). The addition of 300 p.p.m. EDTA to the laying diet significantly (P < 0.01) improved efficiency of feed conversion by 4.7 per cent. Neither the source of phosphorus nor the dietary level of EDTA had any significant effects on liveweight, egg weight, feed intake, shell quality or mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbal Liver Stimulants on the Performance of Hy-line Commercial Layer

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Damodar Neupane ◽  
Mukesh Karki ◽  
C. R. Upreti ◽  
Tribhuveneshor Dhaubhadel
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Additional Income ◽  
Calculated Average ◽  
Observation Period

An investigation was undertaken on 180 day-old Hy-line layer chicks to assess the effect of herbal products on feed consumption, egg production and profitability. The experimental chicks were randomly divided in three groups with three replicates in each and were housed in identical management and environmental conditions. Dietary treatments were prepared by addition of herbal liver stimulants such as Livoliv 250 @500 g/ton (D2) and Superliv @500g/ton (D3) in the basal diet (D1). Feed intake, egg production and mortality were recorded throughout the observation period of 50 weeks. Feed per unit of egg production, hen day percentage, additional income of supplemented diet over the basal diet were calculated. Average daily intake (g) of the diets per bird were observed as 59.19±1.05 g, 58.31±0.337 g and 57.67±0.163 g up to 20 weeks and 108.94±0.06 g, 109.01±0.05 g and 108.26±0.41 g during the laying period fed with D3, D1 and D2 diets respectively. Similarly, higher hen day egg % (76.9%) was recorded in the birds fed with Superliv supplemented diet (D3), followed by Livoliv supplemented diet (D2) (73.4%) and Basal diet (D1) (72.1%) with feed intake per unit egg production of 179.3 g, 178.1 g and 193.0 g, respectively. Total egg production was found higher with D3 (161.49 egg), followed by D2 (154.15 egg) and basal diet (151.45 egg) with layer house cumulative mortality only in D3 (3.75%). Additional profits of Rs. 35.18 and Rs. 12.86 in terms of egg selling over feed cost per layer were calculated for the bird fed with Superliv supplemented diet (D3) and Liveloliv supplemented diet (D2) than that of the basal diet. Key words: layer; herbal products; liver stimulant; feed efficiency; profit DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3162 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 37-40

scholarly journals Laying performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed diets supplemented with prebiotics and organic acids

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Świątkiewicz ◽  
J. Koreleski ◽  
A. Arczewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of organic acids and the prebiotic fructans on egg production and eggshell quality when added to the layer diet with different levels of calcium and phosphorus. The experiment was carried out on 168 Bovans Brown hens, allocated to 14 groups of 12 replications. Each hen (replication) was kept in an individual cage 40 cm &times; 40 cm in size. A 2 &times; 7 factorial arrangement, with two dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus (normal &ndash; 3.70% Ca, 0.65% P, and reduced &ndash; 3.25% Ca, 0.60% P) and with diets supplemented by selected additives (none, 0.75% inulin, 0.75% oligofructose, 0.50% volatile fatty acids (VFA), 0.25% medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), 0.30% VFA + 0.20% MCFA, 0.75% inulin + 0.50% VFA) was used. The experiment was carried out over 34 weeks, from the age of 26 to 70 weeks. There were no statistically confirmed effects of the factors studied in this experiment on egg performance, i.e. laying rate, egg mass, feed intake and feed conversion. Reducing the dietary levels of Ca and P significantly decreased eggshell percent, thickness, density and breaking strength. The additives used had a considerable effect on eggshell quality at 46, 58 and 70 weeks of age, and these positive effects were most pronounced in the case of inulin and MCFA. There was no significant interaction between Ca and P dietary levels and the additives used. It was thus concluded that selected feed additives which lower the pH of the diet and intestinal content can beneficially influence eggshell quality in older high-producing laying hens. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effect of Sex-linked Feathering Genes on Body Weight, Age At Sexual Maturity, Feed Intake and Subsequent Laying Performance of Baladi Chickens

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
A. AI-Sobayel ◽  
A.A. AI-Mulhem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Adult Body Weight

A total of 320 twenty week-old slow and rapid feathering Saudi Arabian Baladi pullers were used to assess the effect of sex-linked feathering genes on body weight, age at sexual maturity, feed intake and subsequent laying performance. Similar numbers of rapid feathering Leghorns pullets were included in the study for the purpose of comparison. The experimental birds of each genotypic group were randomly divided into four replicates and subjected to standard management practices. Slow feathering Baladi pullers had higher (P<0.05) adult body weight, rate of mortality, and feed intake and a similar age at sexual maturity but showed lower (P< 0.05) hen-day, and hen-housed egg production and feed conversion compared with rapid feathering Baladi pullets. Rapid feathering Leghorns had higher (P<0.05) adult body weight. age at sexual maturity, hen-day egg production, rate of mortality and feed intake and lower feed intake/kg eggs than rapid and slow feathering Baladi. However, rapid feathering Baladi and Leghorns had similar hen-housed egg production and feed intake per dozen eggs and had better (l’<0.05') performance than slow feathering Baladi.

Phenotypic characterization of local Ghanaian chickens: egg-laying performance under improved management conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Osei-Amponsah ◽  
B.B. Kayang ◽  
A. Naazie ◽  
M. Tiexier-Boichard ◽  
X. Rognon
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
Local Chickens

SummaryEgg production performance of 571 local Ghanaian chickens and 107 SASSO T44 chickens kept under improved management conditions were analysed. Average egg weight, hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined for the three experimental chicken ecotypes. Hen-day production was significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher in the savannah local chicken ecotype than the forest ecotype and SASSO T44 chickens. Egg weights of local Ghanaian chickens compared favourably with values reported for local chickens in Africa. On the average, SASSO T44 had significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher egg weights and feed intake compared with the local chicken ecotypes. The local chicken ecotypes on the other hand, had significantly (P&lt; 0.05) better feed conversion ratios than SASSO T44 chicken. Local Ghanaian chicken ecotypes have a more efficient FCR per every unit of egg produced compared with the control population. Low feed intake, good feed conversion ratios and adaptation to the environment are traits local chicken harbour which can be exploited in future breeding programmes to improve on chicken meat and egg production in Ghana. Ghanaian local chickens could thus be a valuable genetic resource for the development of an efficient egg production chicken breed adaptable to the humid tropical climates.

scholarly journals Effects of Selenium Conjugated to Insect Protein on Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol and Enrofloxacin in Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Qiu ◽  
Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hai-jun Zhang ◽  
Guang-hai Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

In the context of increasing awareness on the dietary supplementation of organic selenium in commercial poultry production and ensuring safe egg production, the present study investigated the effects of selenium on the pharmacokinetics of the therapeutic use of florfenicol and enrofloxacin from perspectives of laying performance, selenium deposition in eggs, and drug residue in plasma, organs, and eggs. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two kinds of drugs (florfenicol vs. enrofloxacin, 200 mg/kg) and three levels of dietary organic selenium SCIP (selenium conjugated to insect protein) (0, 2, and 5 mg/kg) was designed together with a blank control group. Healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 252, 40-week-old and 90.0 ± 1.7% of egg production rate) were randomly allocated into one of seven treatments with six replicates and six hens per replicate. The experiment lasted for 42 days and consisted of three periods (adjusted stage, depositional stage, and eliminating stage) of 14 days each. These stages entail feeding of the laying hens with basal diets, addition of drugs and selenium synchronously into the diets, drug withdrawal from diet, and supply of selenium uninterruptedly in the diet. Egg production and feed intake were recorded on daily and weekly bases, respectively. The selenium content in egg yolk, egg white, and whole eggs and the drug residues in eggs, plasma, liver, kidney, and breast muscle were determined on days 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 14 of the depositional and eliminating stages. There was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) in egg production among the dietary treatments, but feed intake decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in the drug treatment group compared to other groups. Dietary organic selenium decreased the residue of drugs in tissues and eggs, while the metabolism and deposition of selenium in laying hens were suppressed due to drug effects. The results of the present study are of significance to enrich the knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and enrofloxacin in laying hens and ensure the quality of poultry products.

Effects of saline drinking water on growth and water and feed intakes of weaner heifers

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Saul ◽  
PC Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Evaporation

Nine groups of four Hereford heifers (mean � s.e. liveweight 223 � 3.1 kg), drank water containing either high (650 ppm) or low (10 ppm) magnesium concentrations combined with varying levels (5000,7000,9000, 11 000 ppm) of total soluble salts (TSS) for 79 days. At each level of TSS, high magnesium treatments were obtained by replacing 2550 pprn sodium chloride with an equal amount of magnesium chloride. A control group drank water containing 10 pprn Mg and 2 10 pprn TSS. All animals werq kept in feedlots and fed on hay ad libitum. Mean daily maximum temperature and mean daily evaporation during the experiment were 23�C and 4.6 mm, respectively. At the various TSS levels, the presence or absence of high levels of magnesium did not significantly affect liveweight gain, feed intake or animal health which suggests that the adverse effects of sodium and magnesium are similar. However, during the first 51 days of the experiment, heifers drinking water containing 11 000 pprn TSS and 650 ppm Mg lost weight and ate less than all other groups. Compared with control animals, those drinking water containing more than 5000 pprn TSS showed reduced liveweight gain (P<0.05) and feed intake during the first 5 1 days of the experiment, but this effect diminished as the experiment progressed. Overall, a TSS level of 5000 ppm caused a large but non-significant reduction in liveweight gain (36.3 v. 25.9 kg) over the 79-day period while a level of 11 000 ppm reduced liveweight by 49% (36.3 v 18.5 kg, P < 0.05)

scholarly journals Growth and Early Laying Performance of Pullet Chickens Fed Sorghum Based Diets Supplemented with Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
P. A. Onimisi ◽  
O. M. Agunbiade ◽  
J. J. Omage
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Final Weight

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with sorghum and supplementation with enzymes, on the growth and laying performance of laying chickens. Four hundred and fifty 12-weeks old Lohman Brown pullets were distributed randomly into six dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment, each replicate had 25 birds with uniform group weights at the initial stage of the study. The treatments included maize without enzymes (T1) and sorghum without enzymes (T2) as two controls respectively, while T3, T4, T5, and T6 contained sorghum based diets with phytase, protease, roxazyme G2G, and a combination of protease and roxazyme G2G respectively. The experiment lasted from 12 to 32 weeks of age of birds during which data were collected on growth and early egg laying performance of birds. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, using the completely randomized design (CRD). Significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Tukey test. Significant (p<0.05) differences were noted in final weight (g/bird), weight gain (g/bird), daily weight gain (g/bird), total feed intake (g/bird), daily feed intake (g/bird/day), and feed to gain ratio. Final weight and weight gain were significantly (p<0.05) better for birds in T4 (sorghum + protease) compared to the other treatments, but was similar to T1 (control). At the early laying stage, no definite trend was observed among the egg production traits. However, dietary treatment supplemented with phytase (T3) had the highest numerical values for; weight of first egg (54.28g), number of eggs at peak lay (24.00), hen house egg production 78.84%, and hen day egg production, 81.09%. It was concluded therefore, that sorghum with phytase and protease supplementations can be used in layers' diets for optimum egg production. It is recommended that phytase supplementation at 0.02% with sorghum can be incorporated into the diets of egg type chickens for optimum performance.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary vitamin C and selenium, alone and in combination, on the performance of laying hens and quality of eggs

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skřivan ◽  
M. Marounek ◽  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
V. Skřivanová
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Laying Performance

Two hundred and forty laying hens were fed diets supplemented with vitamin C and selenium (Se). Vitamin C was added at 0 or 200 mg/kg, and Se was added as sodium selenite or selenized yeast at 0.3&nbsp;mg/kg. The feed intake and egg production were measured, and egg quality parameters were determined. Supplementation of the basal diet with Se significantly increased the laying performance; however, vitamin C significantly decreased feed intake and egg production. Vitamin C increased vitamin E concentration in the yolk. Both selenite and Se-enriched yeast increased the vitamin E concentration in the yolk and the Se concentration in the yolk and albumen. The oxidative stability of yolk lipids was improved in hens fed diets supplemented with sodium selenite, but not in those fed diets supplemented with Se-yeast. After 28 days of storage, however, the beneficial effect of selenite on lipid stability ceased. The supplementation of the basal diet with vitamin C significantly worsened the oxidative stability of yolk lipids, indicating that vitamin C acted as a pro-oxidant. Thus, vitamin C increased the laying performance and influenced some traits of egg quality. The combined supplementation of vitamin C and Se did not prove to be successful.

scholarly journals Growth and Early Laying Performance of Pullet Chickens Fed Sorghum Based Diets Supplemented with Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
P. A., Onimisi ◽  
O. M. Agunbiade ◽  
J. J. Omage
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Final Weight

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with sorghum and supplementation with enzymes, on the growth and laying performance of laying chickens. Four hundred and fifty 12-weeks old Lohmann Brown pullets were distributed randomly into six dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment, each replicate had 25 birds with uniform group weights at the initial stage of the study. The treatments included maize without enzymes (T1) and sorghum without enzymes (T2) as two controls respectively, while T3, T4, T5, and T6 contained sorghum based diets with phytase, protease, roxazyme G2G, and a combination of protease and roxazyme G2G respectively. The experiment lasted from 12 to 32 weeks of age of birds during which data were collected on growth and early egg laying performance of birds. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, using the completely randomized design (CRD). Significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Tukey test. Significant (p<0.05) differences were noted in final weight (g/bird), weight gain (g/bird), daily weight gain (g/bird), total feed intake (g/bird), daily feed intake (g/bird/day), and feed to gain ratio. Final weight and weight gain were significantly (p<0.05) better for birds in T4 (sorghum + protease) compared to the other treatments, but was similar to T1 (control). At the early laying stage, no definite trend was observed among the egg production traits. However, dietary treatment supplemented with phytase (T3) had the highest numerical values for; weight of first egg (54.28g), number of eggs at peak lay (24.00), hen house egg production 78.84%, and hen day egg production, 81.09%. It was concluded therefore, that sorghum with phytase and protease supplementations can be used in layers' diets for optimum egg production. It is recommended that phytase supplementation at 0.02% with sorghum can be incorporated into the diets of egg type chickens for optimum performance.

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