The effects of saline irrigation water and gypsum on perennial pasture grown on a sodic, clay soil at Kerang, Victoria

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (93) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Mount ◽  
DL Schuppan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Total Soluble Salt ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Saline Effluents

During five consecutive irrigation seasons at Kerang, Victoria, saline effluents were used to irrigate perennial pasture grown on a heavy clay, sodic soil. The nominal effluent salinities were 6000; 4000; 2400; 1600; 800 and 100 mg l-1 total soluble salt (TSS). After five seasons there were no significant differences in pasture dry matter yields between the 100 and 800 or 1600 mg l-1 TSS effluent treatments. In the fifth season there was a significantly higher (5 per cent) dry matter yield in the 800 mg l-1 TSS treatment when compared with the 1600 mg I-1 TSS treatment. With effluents above 1600 mg l-1 TSS, the higher the salinity the lower the pasture dry matter yield. The reason for the effluent of 800 and 1600 mg l-1 TSS producing similar yields to the 100 mg I-1 TSS is probably explained by the effects of electrolytes on soil permeability. Dry matter response to gypsum was not significant in the fourth and fifth seasons. In the second and third seasons there were significant responses at 10 and 20 t ha-1 respectively. There were no significant interactions between saline irrigations and gypsum applications. Medicago sativa (lucerne) and Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) proved valuable species under saline and sodic conditions. The percentage of Agropyron elongaturn (tall wheat grass) increased with salinity whereas the clover content decreased.

Reclamation of a saline/sodic soil by aquifer pumping, application of tillage and gypsum and reuse of saline groundwater

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Mehanni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Rainfall Season ◽  
A Site ◽  
Piezometric Pressure

In the Goulburn Valley, at a site near Tongala, Vic., shallow perched watertables receded from 18 to 135 cm below the surface and the piezometric pressure was reduced from 16 to 180 cm below the surface in a saline/sodic soil 3 months from the start of pumping. Consequently soil salinity was reduced from ECe 12.3 to 7.3 dS/m in the top 30 cm under 1 15 mm ofrainfall. Further reduction in salinity to ECe 3 dS/m was achieved after 19 months. The presence of electrolytes in irrigation water preserved soil permeability during the irrigation season, while gypsum was beneficial during the winter rainfall season. Perennial pasture was established 11 months after pumping commenced. Weeds that originally dominated the site disappeared, while clover produced 70% of total dry matter.

scholarly journals ROLE OF IMPROVED CLOVERS IN NON-ARABLE PASTURE RENEWAL IN MID-CANTERBURY

1989 ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
S.M. Francis ◽  
N.C. Merrick
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Clover Pasture

Trials under sheep and dairy cow grazing in mid Canterbury examined the effectiveness of mcludmg new white clover cultivars with ryegrass in a non-arable (spray, top-cultivate and drill) pasture renewal. Five weeks after sowing, 13% of white clover plants had originated from regrowing stolons in the sheep pasture; in dairy pasture the figure was over 50%. Initially including a white clover cultivar increased total dry matter yield. However after 3 years there was no difference in total dry matter yield from plots sown with ryegrass but no clover. 'Grasslands Kopu' white clover outproduced 'Grasslands Huia' by only 4% and 1% in dairy and sheep pastures respectively and had a slightly greater white clover content. Control plots initially had a lower clover percentage than the sown cultivars. but by the third year it tended to be greater. The greater average length of leaflets in Kopu plots indicated that the cultivar was present throughout both trials. It is suggested that the inclusion of white clover in non-arable pasture renewal wll give economic returns only if seed costs are low. Keywords: 'Grasslands Kopu'. 'Grasslands Huia', white clover, pasture renewal, irrigation

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

Effects of Seeding Rate on the Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value of Fall‐Grown Oat

cftm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne K. Coblentz ◽  
Jason S. Cavadini
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate

Water‐phosphorus coupling enhances fine root turnover and dry matter yield of alfalfa under drip irrigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanshuai Liu ◽  
Junwei Zhao ◽  
Junying Liu ◽  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Chunhui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Turnover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Fine Root Turnover

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks to Estimate Dry Matter Yield in a Guineagrass Breeding Program Using UAV Remote Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3971
Author(s):  
Gabriel Silva de Oliveira ◽  
José Marcato Junior ◽  
Caio Polidoro ◽  
Lucas Prado Osco ◽  
Henrique Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ground Truth Data

Forage dry matter is the main source of nutrients in the diet of ruminant animals. Thus, this trait is evaluated in most forage breeding programs with the objective of increasing the yield. Novel solutions combining unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and computer vision are crucial to increase the efficiency of forage breeding programs, to support high-throughput phenotyping (HTP), aiming to estimate parameters correlated to important traits. The main goal of this study was to propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach using UAV-RGB imagery to estimate dry matter yield traits in a guineagrass breeding program. For this, an experiment composed of 330 plots of full-sib families and checks conducted at Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazil, was used. The image dataset was composed of images obtained with an RGB sensor embedded in a Phantom 4 PRO. The traits leaf dry matter yield (LDMY) and total dry matter yield (TDMY) were obtained by conventional agronomic methodology and considered as the ground-truth data. Different CNN architectures were analyzed, such as AlexNet, ResNeXt50, DarkNet53, and two networks proposed recently for related tasks named MaCNN and LF-CNN. Pretrained AlexNet and ResNeXt50 architectures were also studied. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for training and testing the model. Estimates of DMY traits by each CNN architecture were considered as new HTP traits to compare with real traits. Pearson correlation coefficient r between real and HTP traits ranged from 0.62 to 0.79 for LDMY and from 0.60 to 0.76 for TDMY; root square mean error (RSME) ranged from 286.24 to 366.93 kg·ha−1 for LDMY and from 413.07 to 506.56 kg·ha−1 for TDMY. All the CNNs generated heritable HTP traits, except LF-CNN for LDMY and AlexNet for TDMY. Genetic correlations between real and HTP traits were high but varied according to the CNN architecture. HTP trait from ResNeXt50 pretrained achieved the best results for indirect selection regardless of the dry matter trait. This demonstrates that CNNs with remote sensing data are highly promising for HTP for dry matter yield traits in forage breeding programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document