Effect of resident vegetation on establishment of surface sown pasture species at Glen Innes, New South Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (92) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
PM Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
The Relationship

The influence of resident vegetative cover on the establishment of surface sown seed was determined in a field experiment at Glen Innes, New South Wales. Seed was sown on 25 occasions over a period of 2 years spanning the period November 1969 to January 1972. Species sown were Phalaris aquatica, Festuca arundinacea, Medicago sativa and Trifolium subterraneum. The relationship between mean per cent establishment and vegetative cover was significant and was described by the quadratic equation y = 0.8064 � 9.8342x - 0.8829x2. Presence of vegetative cover significantly increased mean establishment on 22 occasions. Presence of Sorghum leiocladum plants as a component of the resident vegetation had a larger influence on establishment of surface sown species than Bothriochloa ambigua and Poa sieberana. It was concluded that the best means of obtaining maximum establishment of surface sown pasture species in native grassland areas on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales was by sowing into vegetative cover (approximately 5000 kg ha-1) and sowing during the period May-July.

Influence of grazing and herbicide before sowing on establishment and survival of surface sown pasture species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
PM Dowling ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Herbicide Mixture

The effect of surface sowing into different levels of native and naturalized vegetation, both herbicide treated and untreated, was evaluated in terms of seedling numbers and development at three sites on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales during 1970-71. The herbicide mixture (2,2-DPA + Amitrole: 11.0 + 1.1 kg a.i./ha, respectively) was applied eight weeks before sowing with Trifolium subterraneum, Medicago sativa, Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata and Phalaris aquatics. Seedlings were counted 2, 6 and 11 months after sowing, and seedling development was assessed at the two initial samplings. Relative humidity and temperature 0.5 cm above ground level were measured with thermocouples for two months after sowing. Mean seedling numbers over all sites increased from 18.8 to 47.3; 5.2 to 30.2; and 5.5 to 12.1 /m2 for samplings 1,2 and 3, respectively, as level of vegetation increased. In particular, seedling numbers responded to height of vegetation rather than weight. Relative humidity increased and temperature decreased as vegetation height increased, but regressions of seedling numbers against relative humidity and temperature were not significant and indicated that vegetation height influenced seedling numbers by some means other than relative humidity and temperature. Application of herbicide to control the resident vegetation increased mean seedling numbers over sites for sampling times 1,2 and 3, from 30.8 to 36.4; 8.8 to 26.6; and 3.9 to 14.1 seedlings/m2, respectively, and also accelerated seedling development.

Characterisation of naturalised strains of Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare in northern New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Median Number ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Burrs were collected from paddocks on 3 properties in northern New South Wales where the age of the Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare swards varied from 19 to 28 years. At 1 site burrs were also sampled from swards sown 2 and 10 years previously. Twenty seedlings from these burrs and 20 plants of certified cv. Clare were grown as spaced plants in a nursery. These were assessed for vegetative and floral characters, flowering time, number of seeds per burr, seed weight, and percentage hardseed after storage at 25/25�C for 6 months and 25/45�C for a further 6 months. For most plants the mean number of days from sowing to first flower was similar to that of Clare. Compared with the naturalised strains, Clare had the lowest (P<0.05) mean number of seeds per burr: about 25% below the mean of the strains (2.7 seeds per burr). While the lowest mean seed weights of the strains were not significantly different from those of Clare, the seed weights of plants from 3 sites were higher (P<0.05) than those of Clare. After storage for either 6 or 12 months, hardseed levels were also lowest (P<0.05) for Clare. Plants from the 2-year-old sward had the same median number of seeds per burr (2.0) as Clare. As sward age increased, the median number of seeds per burr increased to 2.8. Hardseed percentages were lowest for plants of Clare and for those from the 2-year-old sward after 6 months, and for Clare after 12 months. These studies indicated the presence of divergent strains in old swards of Clare in a summer rainfall environment. Natural selection among variability within Clare is the most likely reason for the development of these strains in an environment marginal for the long-term persistence of this softseeded cultivar. Although strains had the same vegetative and floral markings as Clare, differences in ecologically important characters such as number of seeds per burr, seed weight, and hardseededness may result in plants that are better adapted to the environment in which they evolved. From these studies 23 plants of T. subterraneum var. brachycalycinum were selected for further evaluation.

Occurrence of Phytophthora clandestina in Trifolium subterraneum paddocks in Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aldaoud ◽  
W. Guppy ◽  
L. Callinan ◽  
S. F. Flett ◽  
K. A. Wratten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Differential Cultivars

In 1995–96, a survey of soil samples from subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) paddocks was conducted across Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia, to determine the distribution and the prevalence of races of Phytophthora clandestina (as determined by the development of root rot on differential cultivars), and the association of its occurrence with paddock variables. In all states, there was a weak but significant association between P. clandestina detected in soil samples and subsequent root rot susceptibility of differential cultivars grown in these soil samples. Phytophthora clandestina was found in 38% of the sampled sites, with a significantly lower prevalence in South Australia (27%). There were significant positive associations between P. clandestina detection and increased soil salinity (Western Australia), early growth stages of subterranean clover (Victoria), mature subterranean clover (South Australia), recently sown subterranean clover (South Australia), paddocks with higher subterranean clover content (Victoria), where herbicides were not applied (South Australia), irrigation (New South Wales and Victoria), cattle grazing (South Australia and Victoria), early sampling dates (Victoria and New South Wales), sampling shortly after the autumn break or first irrigation (Victoria), shorter soil storage time (Victoria) and farmer’s perception of root rot being present (Victoria and New South Wales). Only 29% of P. clandestina isolates could be classified under the 5 known races. Some of the unknown races were virulent on cv. Seaton Park LF (most resistant) and others were avirulent on cv. Woogenellup (most susceptible). Race 1 was significantly less prevalent in South Australia than Victoria and race 0 was significantly less prevalent in New South Wales than in South Australia and Western Australia. This study revealed extremely wide variation in the virulence of P. clandestina. The potential importance of the results on programs to breed for resistance to root rot are discussed. in South Australia.

Effect of surface-sown pod:seed mixtures on serradella establishment and persistence on rangelands in central New South Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
D. L. Michalk ◽  
M. H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Aerial sowing is the only option for introducing improved pasture species into much of the non-arable, acid soil rangelands in central New South Wales. However, low germination of seeds in serradella pods is a major problem causing poor establishment. Sowing different combinations of pod and seed was investigated as a means of improving germination and subsequent persistence in an experiment between 1993 and 1997. Results indicated that a pod:seed mixture of 75:25 was the most suitable ratio for establishing yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) when broadcast into native grassland on hardsetting, non-arable, acidic hill country. Nodulation failure observed at this cold tablelands site confirmed the need for a more winter-active inoculant for yellow serradella.

Establishing surface-sown pastures in a Poa labillardieri-Themeda australis association

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Campbell ◽  
MJ Keys ◽  
RD Murison ◽  
JJ Dellow
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Before And After

The effects of time and rate of application of glyphosate, 2,2-DPA and tetrapion on Poa labillardieri and Themeda australis were measured in seven experiments carried out 55 km south of Braidwood, on the southern tablelands of New South Wales between 1980 and 1982. In an eighth experiment (1981) and in a 35-ha demonstration (1983), at the same site, the effects of applying herbicides (before and after the autumn break) and surface-sowing Phalaris aquatica, Festuca arundinacea and Trifiolium repens with fertiliser on the control of P. labillardieri were ascertained. All three herbicides proved effective in reducing the ground cover of P. labillardieri from applications at any time of the year. For T. australis, tetrapion proved effective when applied at any time of the year, while glyphosate and 2,2-DPA were effective in all seasons except winter. Glyphosate at rates between 0.72 and 1.44 kg/ha a.i. was more cost effective than 2,2-DPA (11.1 kg/ha a.i.) and tetrapion (3.75 kg/ha a.i.). Best establishment and development of sown grasses and legumes was attained by applying herbicides after the autumn break but before heavy frosts, and then surface-sowing 1-3 months later. Control of P. labillardieri was best where P. aquatica and F. arundinacea established most densely.

Bunch covers, leaf number and yield of bananas

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of plastic bunch covers and varying defoliation treatments on bunch weight were measured on Williams bananas at Alstonville in north-eastern New South Wales. Bunch covers did not significantly affect bunch weight. The number of leaves left on the plant at bunch emergence only reduced yield when less than four leaves were present. Leaf length duration was calculated and was positively related to bunch weight. Bunch covers did not alter the relationship between leaf number and yield. The rate of sucker growth and water relations within the plants were altered by defoliation treatments. Both of these effects were greatest when less than three leaves were left on the plant.

scholarly journals Screen-time, obesity, ageing and disability: findings from 91 266 participants in the 45 and Up Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Banks ◽  
Louisa Jorm ◽  
Kris Rogers ◽  
Mark Clements ◽  
Adrian Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between obesity and sedentary behaviours, such as watching television or using a computer (‘screen-time’), and describe how this relationship varies between population subgroups.DesignCross-sectional analysis of the relationship between obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and screen-time, adjusted for age, sex, income and education and compared according to a range of personal characteristics.SettingNew South Wales, Australia.SubjectsA total of 91 266 men and women aged 45 years and above from the general population of New South Wales in 2006–2007 and providing self-reported information on height and weight and other factors.ResultsObesity prevalence was 21·4 %. Compared to individuals with <2 h of daily screen-time, the adjusted relative risks (RR) of obesity were 1·35 (95 % CI 1·26, 1·44), 1·70 (95 % CI 1·59, 1·82), 1·94 (95 % CI 1·81, 2·08) and 1·92 (95 % CI 1·80, 2·06) for 2–3, 4–5, 6–7 and ≥8 h, respectively. The increase in obesity with increasing screen-time was similar within categories of overall physical activity, but was attenuated in those in full-time paid work, compared to non-workers (P for interaction < 0·0001). Among non-workers, the overall obesity RR per 2 h increase in daily screen-time was 1·23 (95 % CI 1·21, 1·25) and was significantly elevated in all groups examined, ranging from 1·16 to 1·31 according to sex, level of age, education, income, smoking and fruit consumption. The RR did not differ significantly according to overall physical activity, region of residence and alcohol and vegetable consumption, but was substantially lower in disabled v. not-disabled individuals (P for interaction < 0·0001).ConclusionsObesity increases with increasing screen-time, independent of purposeful physical activity. This was observed in all population groups examined, although it is attenuated in full-time workers and disabled individuals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document