Effects of pasture availability on the composition and quality of the diet selected by sheep grazing native, degenerate and improved pastures in the Upper Shoalhaven Valley, New South Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (92) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Leigh ◽  
MD Holgate
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
New South ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Dominant Grasses

Sheep exhibited a high degree of species selection when grazed at different seasons on three contrasting pastures typical of the mosaic of communities occurring over the Shoalhaven Valley. They were 1 . a Themeda australis grassland-typical of native grasslands, 2, a Phalaris tuberosa-Poa labillardieri- Trifolium repens pasture-typical of semi-improved pastures, and 3. a P. labillardieri grassland-typical of degenerate pastures resulting from ineffective attempts to establish improved pasture. Under light stocking, associated minor pasture constituents such as Hypochoeris radicata, Trifolium repens, or both were selected avidly and made a major contribution to a diet of adequately high quality. However when these minor species had been consumed, sheep were forced to eat the dominant grasses and diet quality fell appreciably. The T, australis grassland was substantially inferior to both the P. tuberosa- P. labillardieri-T. repens and P. labillardieri pastures. Cutting or burning P. labillardieri improved its quality and intensive grazing is recommended for areas in which this species predominates.

Skin folds and Merino breeding. 4. The susceptibility of rams selected for a high degree of skin wrinkle to heat induced infertility

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Fowler ◽  
RB Dun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
New South ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Selection Experiments ◽  
High Degree

Three experiments were done to establish whether differences in ram fertility could explain some of the differences in reproductive performance observed between two flocks of Merino sheep, one flock of which had been bred for a high (Folds Plus) and the other for a low (Folds Minus) degree of skin wrinkle at the Trangie Agricultural Research Station. In the first experiment the quality of semen collected from Folds Plus and Folds Minus rams at Glenfield, New South Wales, was examined during the period December 1962 until March 1963. From late January until early March 1963, Folds Plus rams had low quality semen which gave a conception rate of 38.6 per cent. Over the same period, Folds Minus rams had higher quality semen which gave a conception rate of 58.6 per cent. Folds Plus and Folds Minus rams were then subjected to a severe heat treatment in mid winter 1963 (experiment 2) which produced severe seminal degeneration in both Folds Plus and Folds Minus rams. Folds Plus rams were more susceptible to heat than Folds Minus rams since the semen of Folds Plus rams remained degenerate for a longer period than the semen of Folds Minus rams and, in a test mating program, fewer pregnancies were observed in ewes artificially inseminated with the semen of Folds Plus rams than in ewes inseminated with the semen of Folds Minus rams. In a third experiment Folds Plus and Folds Minus rams from two independently established selection experiments at Trangie and at Cunnamulla were subjected to a heat treatment. The heated Folds Plus rams from both selection experiments exhibited marked seminal degeneration, but heated Folds Minus rams from both selection experiments maintained high quality semen throughout the experiment. The heated Folds Plus rams from Cunnamulla were more severely affected than the heated Folds Plus rams from Trangie.

Evaluation of postharvest infiltration of calcium to delay the ripening of avocados

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
RBH Wills ◽  
S Sirivatanapa ◽  
Sirivatanapa Somjate
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
South Wales

Postharvest vacuum infiltration of calcium into mature but unripe Hass and Fuerte avocados obtained from 80 growers in the 3 major growing districts in Australia over 2 seasons delayed the time to ripen compared with untreated fruit; but the magnitude of the response varied. Hass fruit from 66% of growers in the Murray Valley showed a significant delay in ripening and the average increase in fruit from all growers was 45% over that of untreated fruit. The response of Fuerte fruit was similar between districts, with an average delay in ripening time of about 30% and with fruit from 60% of growers having a significant increase. Hass fruit from North Queensland and northern New South Wales gave the lowest average delay in ripening of about 10% and an increased delay was significant for fruit from 25% of growers. The quality of ripe Hass fruit was not affected by calcium infiltration, whereas a slight decrease in the quality of Fuerte fruit was observed.

scholarly journals “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Weed”: How Consumers in Four Different Policy Settings Define the Quality of Illicit Cannabis

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Vendula Belackova
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Production Location ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Experience Good ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Proxy Indicators ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Depth Interviews

With proliferating efforts to regulate the quality of cannabis on legalized markets, and recent discussions about drug quality assessment by darknet buyers, it seems timely to explore definitions of the quality of cannabis among consumers. An inductive analysis of in-depth interviews with people who had used cannabis in the past 12 months was conducted, which focused on the respondents’ subjective definitions and assessments of the quality of cannabis. The data are drawn from convenience samples in four localities (Florida [United States], Czechia, Spain, and New South Wales [Australia]) where cannabis was illegal or decriminalized. The findings suggest that the respondents across all four localities used a range of visual and sensory indicators to assess the quality of cannabis. For many respondents, these were independent indicators of the quality of cannabis suggesting that cannabis was not merely an “experience” good. For others, visual and sensory assessments were used as indirect indicators of quality in that they represented the effect of the cannabis. The desired effect was more complex than simple potency (strength) and several respondents preferred mild and not-sedating cannabis. Across the four localities, the respondents also included “proxy” indicators of the safety of cannabis in their definitions of quality. In other words, high-quality cannabis was defined as not causing excessive intoxication or physical harm. Altogether, cannabis was a specific “credence” good when its quality was seen as a result of cultivation techniques, production location, or producers’ (profit) motivations - depending on the locality. These findings suggest that cannabis policies that regulate the cultivation process can be relevant to people who use cannabis. Given that consumers take the safety of cannabis into consideration when assessing its quality, their involvement in the development of quality standards is warranted. Consumer-led self-regulation should also be considered in policies that seek to regulate cannabis supply.

Evaluation of Fsub(1) hybrids incorporating the rin (ripening inhibitor) gene to improve the storage life and fruit quality of fresh market tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
VQ Nguyen ◽  
WJ Ashcroft ◽  
KH Jones ◽  
WB McGlasson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Heterozygous Condition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ripening Inhibitor ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Ripe Stage

Four new F1 hybrids which incorporate the ripening inhibitor (rin) tomato mutation were compared with standard commercial tomato cultivars, including Flora-Dade, for the fresh market in New South Wales and Victoria. The rin gene, in the heterozygous condition, delayed the start of ripening by a few days, increased the interval between breaker and full ripe from 5 to 7 days compared with commercial cultivars, and increased the storage life of ripe fruits from 28 to 40 days at 20�C. There were no significant differences between the level of red colour developed by the rin hybrids and reference tomatoes; however, the rin hybrid fruits took 4 days longer to reach full red colour. The fruits of rin hybrid were as firm as the reference tomatoes when picked at breaker and stored at 20�C for 6 days. However, rin hybrid fruits were significantly (P<0.05) firmer than those of reference tomatoes when harvested at a full ripe stage. Of the 4 rin hybrids tested, HRAS 87-70, which showed the most promise, was released in February 1990 as 'Red Centre'.

Performance of breeding ewes on lucerne-subterranean clover pastures

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Hall ◽  
EC Wolfe ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Lamb Growth

Pasture production, ewe and lamb growth, ewe wool production and diet quality were studied on lucerne-subterranean clover pastures at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Lucerne was sown at rates of 0.75 to 3.0 kg/ha, and the pastures were rotationally grazed with Border Leicester x Merino ewes at 9.6 or 12.7 sheep/ha, the ewes lambing in August- September. Lucerne density declined by 45% over the 3 years on all treatments. The clover cultivar sown, Woogenellup, had low persistence, particularly at 12.7 sheep/ha. The density of lucerne had little effect on annual wool and lamb production, although the ewes grew faster on the denser lucerne in summer and the sparser lucerne in winter. At 12- 7 sheep/ha, there was an extra 19% total lamb weight by the end of November and an extra 22% of finer wool (1 �m) annually, but the fleeces had a higher proportion of wool tenderness. The major limitations of the lucerne-subterranean clover pastures to sheep production were the low quality of the diet in early summer, and low pasture production in late winter. In early summer the lucerne was rapidly consumed, leaving only moderate quality clover and grass residues, which limited lamb growth, while in winter pregnancy toxaemia occurred, fleeces were tender and wool growth was low, particularly during a drought in 1976.

Nature Conservation in Rangelands: Lessons From Research on Reserve Selection in New South Wales.

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Pressey
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
New South ◽  
Full Range ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Reserve Selection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Land Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Information on the features to be protected in a system of conservation reserves is an obvious requirement. The quality of the data base will primarily determine the effectiveness of conservation planning in protecting the full range of natural features in a region. However, the way in which data are used to make decisions on the locations of protected areas is also critical. Rigorous procedures for reserve selection can make the difference between achieving reservation goals or not. Research on reserve selection in New South Wales over recent years has concerned both data bases and procedures for guiding decisions. Reserve planning in many regions is based largely on some form of land classification like vegetation types or land systems. There are good reasons for using such land classes to guide the selection of reserves and to judge their representativeness. Nevertheless, they can have considerable limitations as a basis for protecting all the species in a region. These limitations are reviewed with references to more detailed discussions of particular issues. The paper also reviews a variety of procedures for selecting reserves which have been tested and applied in New South Wales. Some of the recent procedures are conceptually simple but very useful in identifying the requirements of reservation goals and demonstrating the options available to planners for representing particular features. Three principles are proposed which should underpin any attempt at systematic conservation planning.

Aborigines and Their Central Schools: Part I

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Hill
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Research Study ◽  
New South ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Major Research ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Western Region

Central Schools in New South Wales administratively combine primary and secondary schools on a single site. They are normally located in small, relatively isolated, rural communities. In the Western Region of the NSW Department of Education there are 19 Central Schools varying in size from 88 to 557 students. At the time of this study eight of the Central Schools catered for students from kindergarten to Year 12, the remaining eleven catered for kindergarten to Year 10.In 1987/88 Mitchell CAE, in collaboration with the Department of Education in the Western Region, undertook a major research study into the perceptions of Central Schools held by those most closely involved (Sinclair 1988). Prior to the study much of the knowledge of how Central Schools were perceived was anecdotal and impressionistic. This study aimed at gathering comparative data from all Western Region Central Schools about how those who taught, studied, or sent their children there perceived the quality of education provided by Central Schools.

Flowering of Xanthorrhoea fulva: the Effect of Fire and Clipping

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Taylor ◽  
Vaughan Monamy ◽  
Barry J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Seasonal Component ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Fire Intervals ◽  
Myall Lakes

Xanthorrhoea fulva (A.Lee) Bedford is a dominant plant of wet heath at Myall Lakes National Park, New South Wales, Australia. As for many other members of the genus, fire is the main stimulus for flowering of X. fulva. The stimulus to flowering provided by fire and by crown removal (clipping) of X. fulva was compared in two different seasons and for two different between-fire intervals. The percentage of X. fulva crowns flowering was greater following: (i) summer disturbance when compared with winter disturbance; (ii) short between-fire intervals (3.75 or 5.25 years) when compared with long between-fire intervals (9.3 or 16.9 years); and (iii) burning when compared with clipping. This demonstrates that the stimulus to floral induction in X. fulva is a combination of a seasonal component and crown removal, a component related to the interval since the last fire, and perhaps some other factor(s) not tested for in this study. This variation in flowering response of X. fulva shows the importance of considering immediate and historic characteristics of fire and other disturbances when management decisions are being made.

Water consumption and water turnover of sheep grazing semiarid pasture communities in New South Wales

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Reduced Water

The water consumption and water turnover of Merino sheep grazing on three natural pastures of south-western New South Wales were recorded throughout 1 year, and supplementary data on the water consumption of sheep on some pastures were collected for a further 2–4 years. On Danthonia caespitosa grassland, water was consumed for up to 7 months each year over the summer months. Maximum intakes were 3–3.5 litres per sheep per day, but this was reduced for 1–2 weeks after falls of rain of less than 25 mm and for longer periods after heavier falls. The provision of shade reduced water turnover by a maximum of 0.3–0.5 litre per day on some occasions only, which indicates that shade is of little importance to woolled sheep. On the saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria) and belah-rosewood (Casuarina cristata-Heterodendrum oleifolium) communities, water intakes were up to 6–7 litres per day in summer. In the particularly dry summer of 1972–73, water intakes of the sheep on saltbush rose to 12 litres per day for several months. The higher water intakes of these sheep were attributed mainly to the high mineral content of the Atriplex and Bassia spp. eaten by them, although the sheep on the belah-rosewood community were also in a hotter environment. In contrast to the sheep on Danthonia, those on the bush communities consumed significant amounts of water throughout the winter in years of low rainfall.

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