The feeding value of different classes of wheat for grower finisher pigs

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Australian Standard ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum

A factorial experiment involving two levels of feeding (restricted and ad libitum) and four classes of wheat, these being Australian standard white wheat (ASW), feed wheat damaged by rust (FR), general purpose wheat damaged by weather (GPW) and general purpose wheat damaged by rust (GPR), was carried out to study the effects of different classes of wheats on the growth performance and carcase quality of pigs between 23 and 70 kg liveweight. The digestible energy (DE) contents (+SD) of the wheats, on an air basis were 14.8 (+0.20), 14.8 (+0.20), 14.9 (+0.22) and 14.3 (+0.12) MJ kg-1 for ASW, FR, GPW and GPR, respectively. Wheat class did not affect feed intake of pigs or cause variation in carcase quality. However, pigs fed diets containing GPR or FR wheats did not perform as well as pigs fed diets based on GPW or ASW wheat. This lower growth performance was due to the lower DE content of GPR wheat and the reduced digestibility of protein in both GBR and FR wheats. Pigs fed ad libitum grew faster, had fatter carcases and over the weight range 45 to 70 kg required more feed per unit liveweight gain than pigs fed in restricted amounts.

Feed Intake, growth and carcass quality of improved genotypes of growing/finishing pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
S.A. Chadd ◽  
D.J.A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For

There have been a number of reports that voluntary feed intake (VFI) of modern pig genotypes may be the limitation to their growth performance. It has been suggested that selection for leanness (Fowler et al. 1976) and breeding for faster growth may have reduced appetite.In addition there is only limited information about the effect on VFI, performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed ad libitum to liveweights greater than 100kg. A study was therefore undertaken to compare VFI and energy intake of improved genotypes with predicted intakes based on earlier genotypes (ARC, 1981). The associated effects on performance and carcass characteristics at heavier slaughter weights were also studied.

Measurements of enzyme response with hulless barley-based diets full-fed to Leghorn and broiler chicks or restricted-fed broiler chicks

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Scott ◽  
M. A. Leslie ◽  
A. Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

Broiler chicks fed diets high in soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP; e.g., wheat- and/or barley-based diets) have a higher capacity to ingest, digest and absorb nutrients when diets are supplemented with appropriate NSP enzymes. However, this same enzyme response is typically reduced or non-significant in older birds, Leghorn chicks and turkey poults. We hypothesise that the enzyme response in the latter classes of poultry is reduced because feed intake is lower in comparison to feed intake by broilers. In the present study, the hypothesis that restricted feeding of broilers would reduce the enzyme response typically observed in full-fed broilers was tested. Two experiments were conducted to determine the feeding value of hulless barley supplemented or not supplemented with enzyme (Avizyme 1100, Finnfeeds Int, UK). In Study 1, eight sources of hulless barley were included at 80% in each diet and fed to four groups of six male broilers or Leghorn chicks from 4 to 17 d of age. The response to enzyme in hulless barley-based diets by broilers was approximately twofold that of Leghorns for growth and feed intake. The Leghorns had higher digesta viscosity than broilers, although the relative drop in digesta viscosity with enzyme supplementation was equal. In a second study (Study 2) broiler chicks were fed one of four diets (two hulless barley cultivars with or without enzyme) at three feed allotment levels (ad libitum, R1 and R2) from 4 to 21 d of age. The R1 and R2 feed allotments were pre-determined fixed daily feed amounts. Actual feed restriction in the R1 group was only achieved for diets with, but not without, an enzyme. At the lowest feed allotment (R2) actual feed intake of diets with or without enzyme were lower than that recorded for ad libitum fed birds. Study 2 demonstrated that restricted-fed broilers had a lower growth response to enzyme supplementation compared to birds allowed ad libitum intake, in part due to improved retention of energy, either directly in response to feed restriction or because digesta viscosity in diets without enzyme was lowered. Although digesta viscosity of restricted-fed birds was lower, it is still high enough to be considered problematic. In determining feeding value of cereal grains or supplements such as enzymes, especially those directed for use with broilers, it is imperative that a broiler chick bioassay be used and that they have ad libitum access to the diets. Key words: Enzyme, hulless barley, viscosity, feed intake

scholarly journals PSV-1 Effects of the protein level on growth performance and carcass grading in fattening pig fed ad libitum

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 223-224
Author(s):  
Arnaud Samson ◽  
Claire Launay ◽  
Francesc Payola ◽  
Eric Schetelat ◽  
Hervé Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) with synthetic amino acids (AA) supplementation is beneficial for sustainable swine industry. However some discrepancies regarding the consequences on growth performance are observed. Therefore, this trial aimed to assess the effect of dietary CP level on growth performance of pigs from 35 to 113 kg BW. Growth performance of 63 pigs fed ad libitum and allocated to three groups (HH, MM and LL) was compared. Each group received one level of CP (‘H’ for High, ‘M’ for Medium and ‘L’ for Low) during growing (d0–d35) and finishing (d35–slaugther day) periods: 15.1%, 16.2%, 17.2% and 13.0%, 14.0%, 15.1% respectively. Diets were mostly based on wheat, corn and soybean meal. Within each feeding phase, diets were formulated to be similar in apparent total tract digestible phosphorus, net energy and standardized ileal digestible (SID) essential AA, the SID Lys levels being 0.95% and 0.78% during the growing and finishing period respectively. Data were analyzed using a linear model (R, 3.1.2) with individual as the experimental unit as feed intake, body weight and carcass grading were individually recorded. From d0 to d14 and from d35 to d63, average daily gain (ADG) and Growth:Feed ratio (G:F) were significantly reduced as the CP level decreased (P < 0.05) while average daily feed intake (ADFI) remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. From d14 to d35 and in late finishing period (d63-slaugther day), growth performance was not significantly affected by the dietary CP level. Over the 82-d of the experiment, G:F was significantly higher for ‘HH’ pigs (P < 0.01). Overall, ADG tended to be reduced as CP levels decreased (P = 0.10). There was no difference among treatments for parameters concerning carcass grading (lean meat percentage and meat yield). In conclusion, reducing CP levels while maintaining essential AA levels impaired growth performances of pigs.

scholarly journals Impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on muscle metabolism of growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3213-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma T Helm ◽  
Shelby M Curry ◽  
Carson M De Mille ◽  
Wesley P Schweer ◽  
Eric R Burrough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Viral Challenge ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus is one of the most economically significant pig pathogens worldwide. However, the metabolic explanation for reductions in tissue accretion observed in growing pigs remains poorly defined. Additionally, PRRS virus challenge is often accompanied by reduced feed intake, making it difficult to discern which effects are virus vs. feed intake driven. To account for this, a pair-fed model was employed to examine the effects of PRRS challenge and nutrient restriction on skeletal muscle and liver metabolism. Forty-eight pigs were randomly selected (13.1 ± 1.97 kg BW) and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 16 pigs/treatment): 1) PRRS naïve, ad libitum fed (Ad), 2) PRRS-inoculated, ad libitum fed (PRRS+), and 3) PRRS naïve, pair-fed to the PRRS-inoculated pigs’ daily feed intake (PF). At days postinoculation (dpi) 10 and 17, 8 pigs per treatment were euthanized and tissues collected. Tissues were assayed for markers of proteolysis (LM only), protein synthesis (LM only), oxidative stress (LM only), gluconeogenesis (liver), and glycogen concentrations (LM and liver). Growth performance, feed intake, and feed efficiency were all reduced in both PRRS+ and PF pigs compared with Ad pigs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, growth performance and feed efficiency were additionally reduced in PRRS+ pigs compared with PF pigs (P < 0.05). Activity of most markers of LM proteolysis (μ-calpain, 20S proteasome, and caspase 3/7) was not increased (P > 0.10) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs, although activity of m-calpain was increased in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs (P = 0.025) at dpi 17. Muscle reactive oxygen species production was not increased (P > 0.10) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs. However, phosphorylation of protein synthesis markers was decreased in PRRS+ pigs compared with both Ad (P < 0.05) and PF (P < 0.05) pigs. Liver gluconeogenesis was not increased as a result of PRRS; however, liver glycogen was decreased (P < 0.01) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad and PF pigs at both time points. Taken together, this work demonstrates the differential impact a viral challenge and nutrient restriction have on metabolism of growing pigs. Although markers of skeletal muscle proteolysis showed limited evidence of increase, markers of skeletal muscle synthesis were reduced during PRRS viral challenge. Furthermore, liver glycogenolysis seems to provide PRRS+ pigs with glucose needed to fuel the immune response during viral challenge.

Effect of residual feed intake phenotype–nutritional treatment interaction on the growth performance, plasma metabolic variables and somatotropic axis gene expression of growing ewes

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Nie ◽  
Z. Y. Wang ◽  
S. Lan ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
Y. J. Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of residual feed intake (RFI) phenotype and nutritional treatment interaction on the growth performance, plasma variables and gene expression levels within the somatotropic axis. Growing ewes [n = 52, initial bodyweight (BW) = 17.5 ± 0.5 kg, 2 months of age] were offered ad libitum access to diets for 63 days and ranked based on RFI phenotype. Thirty ewes with the highest and lowest RFI values were selected and randomly assigned to three nutritional treatments based on dry matter intake (DMI), which are ad libitum (AL), low restriction (LR) and high restriction (HR) groups, respectively. Each nutritional treatment group included ewes with high (n = 5) and low RFI (n = 5) values. During nutritional treatment (from Day 64 to Day 138), plasma samples were obtained to measure metabolite and hormone concentrations. Tissues of the hypothalamus, pituitary, liver, and Longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) were harvested at the end of the experiment (Day 138) to measure the gene expression level within the somatotropic axis. Muscle growth hormone receptor mRNA abundance of low RFI ewes tended to be greater (P = 0.09) under AL feeding, but this difference was abolished by underfeeding (P > 0.10). Low RFI ewes under HR treatment showed slightly greater growth performance, which was accompanied with lower pituitary somatostain receptor 2 mRNA abundance (P < 0.05), plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05), and greater concentration of triglyceride (P < 0.05), compared with ewes classified as high RFI group. Our results suggested that ewes categorised as low RFI showed higher resistance to the condition of high feed restriction, which might be attributed to less intensity of fat mobilisation under negative energy balance. The mechanism underlying resistance to such feed restriction was presumably through action of somatostain receptor 2 and was potentially mediated by inhibitory effects of somatostatin on growth hormone release but not basal growth hormone secretion.

scholarly journals Effect of alfalfa hay on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing lambs with ad libitum access to total mixed rations

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Alhidary ◽  
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman ◽  
Abdullah H. Alyemni ◽  
Rifat Ullah Khan ◽  
Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals Feeding value of raw and boiled pigeon pea seed meal on the growth performance of local pullet chicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
C. O. Okereke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pea Seed

A total of 324 local pullet chicks (1- 8 weeks) were used for the research project to evaluate the feeding value of raw and boiled pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) on their growth performance. Nine iso-caloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated, with raw and boiled pigeon pea seed meal at inclusion levels of 0%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, respectively. There were 36 chicks per treatment replicated into 3 at 12 chicks per replicate. There were significant interactions between form and PSM levels on the final live weight, daily feed intake and daily protein intake. Final live weight of pullets fed both raw and boiled PSM followed the same trend, pullets fed control (0%) and 15% raw PSM 128.10 and 132.33g respectively performed better than the rest of the treatment levels but statistically similar at all levels. Daily feed intake and daily protein intake showed significant interaction among the treatments. Pullets fed control (8.95g) and raw diets (8.79g) consumed more feed than pullets fed boiled PSM II (105.05g), III (117.77g) IV (91.27g) and V (112.80g) diets. Daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio had no significant (P>0.05) interaction between form and treatment groups for the pullets. 30% PSM raw or boiled can be fed to local pullet chicks without any deleterious effect on the growth performance.

scholarly journals Stimulate feed intake before weaning and control intake after weaning to optimise health and growth performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tehya Read ◽  
Sylvie Combes ◽  
Thierry Gidenne ◽  
Nicolas Destombes ◽  
Luc Grenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
And Control ◽  
Digestive Health

<p>Post-weaning feed restriction is a common practice in rabbit farming to reduce mortality, but results in lower growth performance and slaughter weights. This study aimed to assess the influence of 2 diets both rich in fibre and low in starch, with high or low digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) contents for a constant DP/DE ratio offered from 18 to 70 d of age, on the growth performance and health parameters of rabbits. Eight hundred rabbit kits were divided in 2 experimental groups differing in the feed offered from 18 to 70 d: a high concentrate diet (HC group; 10.37 MJ DE/kg DM and 102 g DP/kg DM) or low concentrate diet (LC group; 9.63 MJ DE/kg DM and 95 g DP/kg DM). Feed was offered ad libitum before weaning (35 d) and from 63 to 70 d, while feed offered from 35 to 63 d was controlled to obtain similar DE intake in both groups. Feed intake, animal weights and health status were recorded weekly. Mortality was recorded daily. Feed intake was similar in both groups before weaning (P=0.204), and consequently the DE intake was higher in the HC group compared to the LC group before weaning (3.91 vs. 3.39 MJ, respectively; P=0.017). Feed intake from 63 to 70 d was lower in the HC than in the LC group (229 vs. 239 g/d/kit, respectively; P&lt;0.001).<br />Total DE ingested after weaning was similar in both groups (45.44 MJ; P=0.143). Kits were heavier in the HC group throughout the study (P&lt;0.05). A higher average daily gain during the periods of 18-28, 35-42 and 56-63 d was seen in the HC group (+8.1%, +16.8% and +4.5%, respectively; P&lt;0.05). Mortality and morbidity rates were similar between groups throughout the study (P=1.0 and P=0.104, respectively). Our results suggest that when the feed intake after weaning is controlled, i) the feeding strategy before weaning determines the weight at weaning and at slaughter age; and ii) rabbits fed a diet more highly concentrated but rich in fibre increase their growth performance without negative consequences on their digestive health.</p>

scholarly journals Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler finishers fed processed Mucuna pruriens seed meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
C. O. Akure ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
F. O. Abeke ◽  
P. A. Vantsawa ◽  
B. Babasanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of 45 minutes Boiled Mucuna Seed Meal (BMSM) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler finisher chicks. In a four-week feeding trial, three hundred and fifteen (315),4-week old broiler chicks were  randomly allocated to five experimental treatment diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was replicated thrice having twenty-one (21) birds per pen. Boiled Mucuna seed meal was prepared and fed in graded levels of 0.0% (control diet), 10.0%, 20.0%, 30.0%, and 40.0%BMSM. Feed and water were given to the birds ad libitum. The parameters measured and calculated include final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and feed cost per kilogram gain. Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein; crude fibre, ash, nitrogen free extract and ether extract were also determined. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that dietary levels of inclusion of BMSM had significant (P<0.05) effect on these parameters. The final weight, the weight gain and feed intake of the birds fed 0.0%, 10.0% and 20.0%BMSM were statistically (P>0.05) similar and significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. Cost of feed per birds and feed cost per kilogram gain were lower for all BMSB diets.Digestibility of nutrients was better for the birds fed the control,10.0 and 20.0%BMSM based diets. It was concluded that inclusion of BMSM in the diets of broiler finisher chicks up to20% has no deleterious effect on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the birds.     Cette étude a été réalisée pour évaluer l'effet de 45 minutes de farine de graines de Mucuna (le 'BMSM') bouillie sur la performance de croissance et la digestibilité des éléments nutritifs des poussins finisseurs de poulet à griller. Dans un teste d'alimentation de quatre semaines, trois cent quinze (315), poussins de poulet de griller de 4 semaines ont été aléatoirement attribués à cinq régimes expérimentaux de traitement dans une conception complètement randomisée (le 'CRD'). Chaque traitement a été reproduit trois fois avec vingt et un (21) oiseaux par enclos. Le repas bouilli de graine de Mucuna a été préparé et alimenté dans les niveaux classés de 0.0% (régime de contrôle), 10.0%, 20.0%, 30.0%, et 40.0%BMSM. L'alimentation et l'eau ont été données aux oiseaux ad libitum. Les paramètres mesurés et calculés comprennent le poids final, le gain de poids, la prise d'aliments pour animaux, le rapport alimentation/gain et le coût des aliments pour animaux par gain kilogramme. La digestibilité de la matière sèche, protéines brutes; des fibres brutes, des cendres, de l'extrait sans azote et de l'extrait d'éther ont également été déterminés. Les données recueillies ont fait l'objet d'une analyse de la variance (ANOVA). Les résultats ont montré que les niveaux diététiques d'inclusion de 'BMSM' ont eu un effet significatif (P<0.05) sur ces paramètres. Le poids final, le gain de poids et la prise d'alimentation des oiseaux nourris 0.0%, 10.0% et 20.0%BMSM étaient statistiquement (P>0.05) semblables et significativement (P<0.05) plus élevés que ceux des autres traitements. Le coût de l'alimentation animale par oiseau et le coût de l'alimentation par kilogramme étaient inférieurs pour tous les régimes BMSB. La digestibilité des éléments nutritifs était meilleure pour les oiseaux alimentés le contrôle,10.0 et 20.0% BMSM régimes à base. Il a été conclu que l'inclusion du BMSM dans l'alimentation des poussins finisseurs de poulet de gril jusqu'à 20 % n'a aucun effet délétère sur la performance de croissance et la digestibilité des oiseaux en matière d'éléments nutritifs.

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