Synchronization of oestrus and subsequent fertility in cattle, using the prostaglandin F2α analogue, ICI 80996 (cloprostenol)

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hearnshaw
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Initial Injection ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Subsequent Cycle ◽  
Cycle Lengths

The prostaglandin analogue, ICI 80996 (cloprostenol), was administered subcutaneously to synchronize oestrus in cattle. One injection, or two injections 12 days apart, of 400 pg gave optimal results (78 and 72 per cent synchronized respectively) for the Hereford cross heifers used. Heifers treated with cloprostenol from days one to five of the cycle, did not respond to the first injection, but did so to a second injection given 12 days later. A greater percentage of heifers, treated in the mid or late luteal phase of the cycle, exhibited oestrus after the first injection of cloprostenol than after the second injection. The percentage of these heifers showing induced oestrus varied from 44 to 100 per cent. There was a peak in the incidence of oestrus between 49 and 72 hours after injection but the distribution ranged from 24 to 120 hours. Peripheral blood progesterone concentrations, palpation of the ovaries and subsequent cycle lengths, indicated that the cloprostenol had no adverse effects in the majority of heifers. However, about 30 per cent of the heifers that responded to an initial injection of cloprostenol given in the mid luteal phase of the cycle failed to respond to a second injection. Some of these heifers had abnormal progesterone profiles and subsequent reproductive patterns. Fertility, following one or two subcutaneous injections of cloprostenol and artificial insemination at the set times of 72 and 96 hours, was 30 and 46 per cent respectively. However, if only heifers inseminated at the optimum time were considered, fertility at pregnancy diagnosis (73 and 65 per cent) and calving (53 and 57 per cent) was acceptable.

scholarly journals Delayed effect of low progesterone concentrations on bovine uterine PGF(2alpha) secretion in the subsequent oestrous cycle

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shaham-Albalancy ◽  
Y Folman ◽  
M Kaim ◽  
M Rosenberg ◽  
D Wolfenson
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Subsequent Cycle ◽  
Concentration Curves

Low progesterone concentrations during the bovine oestrous cycle induce enhanced responsiveness to oxytocin challenge late in the luteal phase of the same cycle. The delayed effect of low progesterone concentrations during one oestrous cycle on uterine PGF(2alpha) secretion after oxytocin challenge on day 15 or 16 of the subsequent cycle was studied by measuring the concentrations of the major PGF(2alpha) metabolite (13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF(2alpha); PGFM) in plasma. Two experiments were conducted, differing in the type of progesterone treatment and in the shape of the low progesterone concentration curves. In Expt 1, progesterone supplementation with intravaginal progesterone inserts, with or without an active corpus luteum, was used to obtain high, or low and constant plasma progesterone concentrations, respectively. In Expt 2, untreated cows, representing high progesterone treatment, were compared with cows that had low but increasing plasma progesterone concentrations that were achieved by manipulating endogenous progesterone secretion of the corpus luteum. Neither experiment revealed any differences in plasma progesterone concentrations between the high and low progesterone groups in the subsequent oestrous cycle. In both experiments, both groups had similar basal concentrations of PGFM on day 15 (Expt 1) or 16 (Expt 2) of the subsequent oestrous cycle, 18 days after progesterone treatments had ended. In both experiments, the increases in PGFM concentrations in the low progesterone groups after an oxytocin challenge were markedly higher than in the high progesterone groups. These results indicate that low progesterone concentrations during an oestrous cycle have a delayed stimulatory effect on uterine responsiveness to oxytocin during the late luteal phase of the subsequent cycle. This resulting increase in PGF(2alpha) secretion may interfere with luteal maintenance during the early stages of pregnancy.

CONCENTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α AND STEROIDS IN THE HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. SWANSTON ◽  
K. P. McNATTY ◽  
D. T. BAIRD
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

SUMMARY The concentration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), progesterone, pregnenolone, oestradiol-17β, oestrone, androstenedione and testosterone was measured in corpora lutea obtained from 40 women at various stages of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of PGF2α was significantly higher in corpora lutea immediately after ovulation (26·7 ± 3·9 (s.e.m.) ng/g, P < 0·005) and in corpora albicantia (16·3 ± 3·3 ng/g, P < 0·005) than at any other time during the luteal phase. There was no correlation between the concentration of PGF2α and that of any steroid. The progesterone concentration was highest in corpora lutea just after ovulation (24·9 ± 6·7 μg/g) and in early luteal groups (25·7 ± 6·8 μg/g) but declined significantly (P < 0·05) to its lowest level in corpora albicantia (1·82 ± 0·66 μg/g). The concentration of oestradiol-17β in the corpus luteum and luteal weight were significantly greater during the mid-luteal phase than at any other stage (concentration 282 ± 43 ng/g, P < 0·05; weight 1·86 ± 0·18 g, P < 0·005). The results indicate that regression of the human corpus luteum is not caused by a rise in the ovarian concentration of PGF2α in the late luteal phase of the cycle.

scholarly journals Estrus Synchronization Using Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and Combination of PGF2α and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone In Ongole Crossbred

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Pudji Astuti ◽  
Claude M. Airin ◽  
Slamet Widiyanto ◽  
Sarmin Sarmin ◽  
Amelia Hana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Estrus Phase

The response of estrus can be enhanced by providing PGF2α and a combination of PGF2αGnRH so that the time of mating using Artificial Insemination (AI) can be held precisely. This study aims to compare the response of estrus synchronization using PGF2α compare to PGF2α-GnRH. Twenty female cattle Ongole Crossbreds, 4-6 years, BCS average of 3-4 were used in this research. Cattle were selected based on their luteal phase at the days of 7 to 18 by rectal examination. Then, all of the cattle were injected by cloprostenol® with a dose of 500 ug intrauterine. Ten of the animals were injected by 2.5 mL of Fertagyl® intramuscularly after 48 hours then continued observing and response estrus detection. The onset of estrus using PGF2α was detected on 75.94 ± 0.78, while 41.57 ± 28.40 hours for PGF2α-GnRH Using statistical, there was a significant difference (P<0.05). Duration of estrus phase using PGF2α was 24.65 ± 0.49 whereas PGF2α-GnRH was 10.88 ± 7.45 hours. Using statistical methods, there was a significant difference (P <0.05). It could be concluded that the use of PGF2α was more effective for the duration and intensity of estrus, and a combination of PGF2α -GnRH is more effective for stimulating estrus.

RECEPTORS FOR GONADOTROPHIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2α IN BOVINE CORPORA LUTEA OF EARLY, MID AND LATE LUTEAL PHASE

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. V. Rao ◽  
V. L. Estergreen ◽  
F. R. Carman ◽  
G. E. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Apparent Dissociation Constant ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Dissociation Constant Kd

ABSTRACT A total of 15 corpora lutea representing early (day 3), mid (day 13) and late luteal phase (days 20 and 21–24) were obtained by ovariectomy on cycling cows. The luteal weights and peripheral plasma progesterone levels just prior to ovariectomy, were consistent with the above luteal phases. The specific binding of [125I]human chorionic gonadotrophin to membranes prepared from corpora lutea was significantly higher (P < 0.01) for days 13 and 20 than for days 3 and 21–24. The binding in day 21–24 corpora lutea was higher (P < 0.01) than day 3. Although there was no difference either in number or affinity (apparent dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.04 nm) of gonadotrophin receptors in days 13 and 20 corpora lutea, only in the former did the binding correlate well with plasma progesterone levels. The specific binding of [3H]prostaglandin (PG)F2α to the membranes of these same corpora lutea showed a progressive increase (P < 0.01) from day 3, reached the highest value at a time when corpora lutea were actively regressing (day 20) and then declined (P < 0.01) by day 21–24. Although a considerable number of PGF2α receptors existed at day 13, the affinity of these same receptors was 203 times lower (Kd = 3458 nm) than the affinity of receptors in day 20 corpora lutea (Kd = 17 nm). In summary, the above results show that gonadotrophin receptors correlate with luteotrophic, whereas PGF2α receptors correlate with luteolytic phases in bovine corpora lutea.

FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN THE ADULT GUINEA-PIG AND RESPONSES TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. PEDDIE
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Cycle Lengths ◽  
Two Stages

SUMMARY The development of antral follicles and of atretic follicles throughout the cycle of adult guinea-pigs is a continuous process, but there are two stages when atresia is most pronounced: immediately after oestrus and in the late luteal phase. New atretic antral follicles were not found in the ovaries until around day 10 of the cycle, when an injection of HCG caused atresia of the medium-sized antral follicles within the ovary and luteinization of the largest follicles but spared the smallest antral follicles. Following the induced atresia, cycle lengths were prolonged, but the population of antral follicles could be restored to normal within 10 days of gonadotrophin treatment. It is suggested that the growth rate of antral follicles is flexible and proceeds most rapidly at the end of the luteal phase. It is not clear whether ovarian steroids play an integral part in regulating follicular growth and atresia.

scholarly journals 147 Presynchronization and delayed fixed-time artificial insemination increases pregnancy rates with sex-sorted semen in replacement beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 115-116
Author(s):  
Nicky Oosthuizen ◽  
Pedro Fontes ◽  
Ramiro Filho ◽  
Carl R Dahlen ◽  
David M Grieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Initial Injection ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract To determine effects of presynchronization and delayed fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) on pregnancy rates to TAI (PR/AI) with sex-sorted semen, 2,855 Bos taurus beef heifers were enrolled in a completely randomized design. Within location, heifers were randomly assigned to one of eight treatments: 1 and 2), heifers were exposed to the 7-d CO-Synch+CIDR protocol wherein they received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and a CIDR insert on d 0, prostaglandin F2α (PGF) upon CIDR removal on d 7, and were TAI 54 ± 2 h later with conventional (CTRL54-CNV; n = 359) or sex-sorted semen (CTRL54-SEX; n = 356); 3 and 4), same as CTRL54 but were TAI at 72 ± 2 h with conventional (CTRL72-CNV; n = 366) or sex-sorted semen (CTRL72-SEX; n = 360); 5 and 6), same as CTRL54 but also received PGF 7 d prior to initial injection of GnRH (d -7) and were TAI with conventional (PRE54-CNV; n = 355) or sex-sorted semen (PRE54-SEX; n = 353); 7 and 8), same as PRE54 but had TAI delayed to 72 ± 2 h and were inseminated with conventional (PRE72-CNV; n = 351) or sex-sorted semen (PRE72-SEX; n = 355). All heifers received estrus detection patches on d 7, which were evaluated for activation at TAI. Ultrasonography was performed 30–45 d after TAI to determine PR/AI. Estrus expression was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in the CTRL72 heifers compared to CTRL54, PRE54, and PRE72 heifers (73.0 vs 55.4, 43.4, and 65.7%, respectively). Moreover, estrus expression was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in PRE72 heifers compared to CTRL54 and PRE54 heifers. Within treatment pairs, PR/AI were greater (P ≤0.04) when conventional semen was utilized compared to sex-sorted semen. Furthermore, PR/AI were greater (P = 0.02) in PRE72-SEX heifers than CTRL54-SEX heifers (45.8 vs. 37.5%). No difference (P = 0.20) was determined in PR/AI between CTRL54-CNV and PRE72-SEX heifers (50.5 vs. 45.8%). In conclusion, presynchronization in combination with delayed TAI increased estrus expression and PR/AI with sex-sorted semen in replacement beef heifers.

PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION BY DISPERSED CELLS FROM HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM: STIMULATION BY GONADOTROPHINS AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2α; LACK OF RESPONSE TO ADRENALINE AND ISOPRENALINE

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. RICHARDSON ◽  
G. M. MASSON
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Luteal Cell ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

Progesterone production was assessed following short-term incubations of luteal cell suspensions prepared from tissue samples of human corpora lutea obtained at specific times throughout the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Luteal cells responded rapidly and sensitively to human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG; concentration required for 50% maximum response, 0·1–1·0 i.u./ml) with a maximum level of response (five- to tenfold higher than basal production) similar to that elicited by human LH or N6,02-dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In the absence of gonadotrophin or in the presence of sub-maximal (but not maximal) concentrations of HCG, progesterone production by mid-luteal phase cells was stimulated by prostaglandin F2α (1 μmol/l), an effect not observed during the late-luteal phase. l-Adrenaline and l-isoprenaline failed to elicit significant increases in the level of progesterone production.

Symptom patterns in late luteal-phase dysphoric disorder

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana D. Rivera-Tovar ◽  
Paul Pilkonis ◽  
Ellen Frank
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Symptom Patterns

scholarly journals Endometrial Inflammation at the Time of Insemination and Its Effect on Subsequent Fertility of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Karen Wagener ◽  
Marc Drillich ◽  
Christine Aurich ◽  
Christoph Gabler
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Cxcl8 Mrna ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Our objective was to investigate the level of endometrial immune response at artificial insemination (AI) and to relate it to subsequent fertility. From 71 healthy cows, endometrial cytobrush samples were taken at the first AI for cytological and mRNA analyses. Total RNA isolated from the cytobrushes was used for reverse transcription qPCR for selected transcripts. Animals were grouped into pregnant (PREG; n = 32) and non-pregnant (non-PREG; n = 39) cows following their first AI. The mRNA abundance of the neutrophil-related factor CEACAM1 and the chemokine CXCL5 was 1.2- (p = 0.03) and 2.0-fold (p = 0.04) greater in PREG than in non-PREG cows, respectively. Animals were further subdivided according to the number of inseminations until pregnancy (PREG1, n = 32; PREG2-3, n = 19) and in repeat breeder cows (RBC, n = 13). CEACAM1 and CXCL8 mRNA expression was 1.7- (p = 0.01) and 2.3-fold (p = 0.03) greater in PREG1 than in RBC, respectively. Cox regression showed that cows with PMN ≥ 1% had a 1.8-fold increased chance of pregnancy within 150 days postpartum compared with cows with fewer PMNs. We conclude that a certain level of inflammation before the stimulus of AI might be beneficial for subsequent fertility.

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