The effect of protein content of wheat grain on its nutritive value in pig diets

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Williams ◽  
RM Beames
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Essential Amino Acid Content

In two experiments pigs were individually and restrictively fed from approximately 24 to 83 kg liveweight. The diets consisted of wheats of varying protein content supplemented with four levels of soybean meal. In experiment 1, wheats of 19.2 per cent and 11.5 per cent crude protein were compared and in experiment 2, the per cent crude protein content of the wheats was 14.9 and 13.1. Average daily gains, feed conversion ratios and carcase characteristics were not significantly affected by source of wheat in experiment 1, whereas in experiment 2, the 14.9 per cent protein wheat resulted in average daily gains and feed conversion ratios significantly superior to the 13.1 per cent protein wheat. Average daily gains and feed conversion ratios in both experiments and carcase quality in experiment 2 improved with increasing level of soybean meal supplementation. The interaction of wheat source x soybean meal level was significant only for backfat thickness in experiment 2. The level of soybean meal at which backfat thickness significantly increased was 6 per cent and 3 per cent with wheats of 14.9 per cent and 13.1 per cent protein respectively. The observed growth performance and carcase quality between the wheats fed appeared to be unrelated to the determined essential amino acid content of the wheat.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID CONTENT AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF TUNA (THUNNUS SP.) FISHMEALS RELATIVE TO THEIR CRUDE-PROTEIN CONTENT

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-584
Author(s):  
Manuel Soldevila
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content

AMINO ACID CONTENT AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF TUNA (THUNNUS SP.) FISHMEALS RELATIVE TO THEIR CRUDE-PROTEIN CONTENT

LEVELS OF SUNFLOWER CRUSHED IN DIETS FOR FEEDLOT LAMBS ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY OF CARCASS

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Euclides Reuter de Oliveira ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
Andréa Maria De Araújo Gabriel ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Four Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics and meat from feedlot lambs receiving sunflower crushed in the diet on partial replacement of soybean meal. The experimental design was randomized block with four levels of sunflower crushed in the diet (0, 10, 20, 30% DM). There was a linear reduction of 0.02; 0.003; 0.003 and 0.17% for each percentage unit of added sunflower crushed in the diet, respectively, for the intake of dry matter, crude protein, daily weight gain and feed conversion. There was a significant linear decrease of 0.15; 0.11 and 0.12% in slaughter weight, hot carcass and cold carcass, respectively when increased 1% in the inclusion of sunflower crushed in the diet. The use of sunflower crushed did not influence the biological yield and characteristics of marbling, texture and color of the meat. The use of sunflower crushed can be used in supplements for lambs in intensive production systems in partial replacement of soybean meal by up to 10%.

scholarly journals Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. NISSINEN ◽  
P. KALLIAINEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 1999–2001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220–240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (4–5-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;

scholarly journals Research on Crude Protein Contents in Medicago Sativa Hay Harvest During 2008-2009 Using FT-NIR Spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura DALE ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Vasile FLORIAN ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN ◽  
André THEWIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Crude Protein Content

Medicago sativa or alfalfa is a flowering plant that belongs to Pea Family that is widely grown throughout the world as forage for cattle, and is most often harvested as hay. Usually, alfalfa has the highest nutritive value of all common hay crops. This work aims to highlight a way for direct, non-destructive analysis of crude protein content in alfalfa hays. The primary objective was to build a model for crude protein calibration for alfalfa based on FT-NIR spectroscopy. The samples for analysis were collected over two experimental years (2008-2009) from field trials from the research station– Agricultural Development, Cojocna. In order to construct the model, reference values are needed; for this reason, the crude protein content was determined using the classical Kjeldahl method (Kjeltec Auto Analyser, Tecator). The values for crude protein ranged from 12.63% to 19.12% on the dry matter basis. The regression model’s construction was based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) calculated with the SIMPLS algorithm, using different pre-processing techniques and leave-one-out cross validation. Calibration of the two years together drove to a coefficient of determination for cross validation, R2 of 0.965. The robustness of the model was confirmed by applying it to independent samples (external validation) where the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.977, RMSEP = 0.8. The results obtained indicated that NIRS can be used to determine crude protein, which could be used as criteria for quality control of alfalfa hays.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as a substitute for soya bean meal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
S. O. Obasa ◽  
A. A. Dada ◽  
W. O. Alegbeleye
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) meal was substituted for soybean meal in the practical diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous diets (35% crude protein) were formulated in which heat-treated soybean meal was replaced at varying levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) with protein from pressure-cooked and sun dried pigeon meal (23% crude protein). Nile tilapia fed 60% pigeon pea meal had significantly (P<0.01) better growth response and nutrient utilisation. Growth was depressed in low pigeon pea fish and also in high (above 60%) pigeon pea diets. The poorest feed conversion ratio was observed from 100% pigeon pea fed fish.

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotlarz ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Pea Seeds

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and VarietyWe tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativumL.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.

The effect of crude protein content of the supplement on the response to level of supplementation for dairy cows with ad libitum access to grass silage

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 24-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Yield Responses

There is now a considerable volume of evidence to indicate that, with high quality, grass silage-based diets, good animal performance can be achieved by offering supplements of high crude protein content at much lower levels than would be required with conventional supplements. Given the current constraint on milk output at farm level, there is considerable interest in lower cost milk production systems and high protein supplements would appear to have a role to play in this context. However, there is little information available which enables prediction of milk yield responses to increasing levels of supplements of differing protein content. The objective of this study was to determine response curves to supplements of differing protein content, given in addition to grass silage, thereby facilitating a least-cost diet type approach to achieving a given level of milk output.Concentrates containing either 100, 220, 340 or 460 g crude protein (CP)/kg fresh weight were offered to 72 autumn-calving dairy cows from day 14 of lactation, with each concentrate offered at four levels of feeding.

EFFECTS OF STEAM PELLETING DIETS CONTAINING TWO VARIETIES OF RAPESEED MEAL ON PIG PERFORMANCE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
G. H. BOWMAN ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted during the late fall and winter months with 96 Yorkshire barrows and gilts to study the effects on pig performance of feeding corn-soybean meal (SBM) and lysine-HCl (0.1%) supplemented corn-SBM-Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn-SBM-Candle RSM diets, in the form of mash (corn was medium-ground) and steam pellets. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, efficiency of feed conversion (feed to gain ratio, F/G) and carcass backfat thickness were measured in pigs reared from 23 kg to 91 kg liveweight. The energy level in the RSM diets was not adjusted to equal that in the corn-SBM diet. Pigs fed Tower RSM had a lower (P < 0.01) feed intake and backfat thickness and pigs fed Candle RSM had a lower (P < 0.01) ADG and feed intake and higher (P < 0.01) F/G compared to the pigs fed SBM. The pigs fed corn-SBM-Tower RSM had a higher (P < 0.01) ADG and feed intake and lower (P < 0.01) F/G ratio than those fed Candle RSM diets. Steam pelleting of the corn-SBM and corn-SBM-RSM diets improved ADG, feed intake and F/G of the pigs, with the effects being greatest for the RSM diets.

scholarly journals Effect of different dietary protein sources on digestibility and growth performance parameters in lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser A. A. El-Nomeary ◽  
Hashem H. H. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Mohsen M. Shoukry ◽  
Abdelmegid A. Abedo ◽  
Fatma M. Salman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Black Cumin Seed

Abstract Background The aim of this study is a comparison between some different protein sources in sheep rations to identify the best protein source that achieves the highest production performance and the lowest economical feed efficiency. Twenty Farafra male lambs weighed on average 41.39 ± 1.66 kg were divided randomly into four similar groups of 5 animals each. All groups were fed on concentrate feed mixture (CFM) at 3% of their body weight, and wheat straw fed ad lib. to replace 100% of the soybean meal (SBM) as a source of protein, black cumin seed meal (BCSM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and sesame seed meal (SSM) were incorporated into the CFM. The feeding trial extended for 66 days followed by digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance trials. Results The results indicated no difference in total feed intake between experimental groups. Digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber for animals fed CSM ration was higher (p < 0.05) than those fed the other rations. On the other hand, the CSM ration recorded a higher value of digestible crude protein than SBM and BCSM rations. Lambs gave rations containing CSM was higher (p < 0.05) average daily weight gain compared with those fed the other rations. Lambs that fed CSM ration were better to feed conversion as kg dry matter intake/kg gain than those fed the other rations. Relative economic efficiency was the best for CSM ration as compared to other protein sources. Nitrogen balance value of sheep fed CSM diet had the highest (p < 0.05) value compared with those fed different sources. Rumen fermentation showed that the pH value was the lowest with SSM, NH3-N concentration was higher for BCSM and SSM, and total volatile fatty acids were higher for SBM compared with the other rations. Conclusion It could be concluded that cottonseed meal was the best treatment for digestibility coefficient, average daily gain, highest nitrogen balance, better feed conversion ratio and also the best economic efficiency compared to soybean meal, black cumin seed meal and sesame seed meal treatments. It can replace 100% soybean meal by cottonseed meal in sheep ration when economics is to be considered.

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