Effects of soils, fertilizers and stocking rates on pastures and beef production on the Wallum of south-eastern Queensland. 3. Relation of liveweight changes to chemical composition of blood and pasture

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton ◽  
DJ Minson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

During the concluding phase of a six-year grazing trial a study was made of the steers and the pasture material from paddocks annually fertilized with 125 kg ha-1and 250 kg ha-1of superphosphate. Plucked pasture samples from the low and high superphosphate treatments contained 0.11 and 0.15 per cent phosphorus, 0.83 and 0.91 per cent nitrogen and 0.12 and 0.12 per cent sulphur, respectively. The N: S ratio of these samples were 6.8 and 7.6 and the in vitro digestibilities were 41.6 and 44.9 per cent. There were marked seasonal patterns in the concentrations of all components with minimum values in the winter months when liveweight gain was lowest. Greater superphosphate application increased mean liveweight gain (0.29 to 0.41 kg head-1day-1), mean plasma concentrations of both urea-nitrogen (6.3 vs 5.0 mg 100 ml-1) and of inorganic phosphorus (6.7 vs 6.3 mg 100 ml-1). The mean blood sulphate-sulphur concentration of 28 �g ml-I was not influenced by treatment. Comparisons of the levels of nutrients in pasture and blood with published requirements indicated that neither sulphur nor phosphorus were deficient in either treatment. However, the between treatment differences in both nitrogen and phosphorus levels could not be ignored as possible reasons for the difference in animal production between the two levels of superphosphate application. Improved animal performance associated with increased application of superphosphate was probably influenced more by the induced changes in the organic components rather than the mineral levels of the pasture material.

Failure of Common Glycation Assays to Detect Glycation by Fructose

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ahmed ◽  
A J Furth
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Damage ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Serum Fructosamine ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Glucose Derivatives

Abstract Serum albumin was modified by in vitro glycation with either fructose or glucose, to see whether the common clinical assays for glycation were able to detect both fructose- and glucose-induced changes in protein structure in diabetes. Although fluorescence measurements showed that fructose causes far more protein damage than glucose, neither serum fructosamine (SFA) nor phenylboronate affinity (PBA) glycation assays reflected these changes. The SFA method implied that fructose causes only about 5% of the glycation induced by glucose; with PBA the proportion was 25%. The thiobarbituric acid- and periodate-based assays also greatly underestimated the true extent of fructation. We discuss these discrepancies with respect to the underlying chemistry, emphasizing the difference between aldehydic and ketonic Amadori products (exemplified by fructose and glucose derivatives, respectively). The implications for detecting fructose-induced secondary diabetic complications are also discussed.

Effects of fertilizer and stocking rate on pasture and beef production from sown pastures in north Cape York Peninsula. 2. Beef production and its relation to blood, faecal and pasture measurements

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Winter ◽  
LA Edye ◽  
WT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The animal production from two grass/legume pastures was measured over three years. The pastures were grazed at four stocking rates and annually received one of three maintenance rates of phosphorus fertilizer. The animals were given a phosphorus supplement at two rates. The grasses were either Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk or Panicum maximum (common guinea grass) each sown with Stylosanthesguyanensis cv. Endeavour and Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro. The grasses had little effect on animal production although three Panicum pastures at higher stocking rates became overgrazed and required destocking during the experiment. Even though 73.5 kg ha-1 of phosphorus was used to establish the pastures, the maintenance rate of 40 kg ha-1 gave higher production than the 10 kg ha-1 rate in the first two years. In the third year, production was similar for each fertilizer rate. There was a concomitant rise in faecal phosphorus level with fertilizer rate but no such effect with blood inorganic phosphorus levels. Over the three years of the experiment the liveweight gain per hectare was similar (mean of 0.54 kg per day) at 1.7 and 1.9 beasts ha-1 but was significantly less at lighter stocking rates. In the last two years stocking rate did not significantly affect liveweight gain per head. At the highest stocking rate, gains were greater during the wet season and losses greater during the dry season than those at the lowest stocking rate. The phosphorus supplement did not affect animal production but increased blood inorgainc phosphorus levels. The relationships of animal production with blood and faecal compositions and with the pasture measurements described in a previous paper are discussed.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of Fe and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria in the sediments of Lake Donghu, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuicui Tian ◽  
Chunbo Wang ◽  
Yingying Tian ◽  
Xingqiang Wu ◽  
Bangding Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

In lake sediments, iron (Fe) is the most versatile element, and the redox cycling of Fe has a wide influence on the biogeochemical cycling of organic and inorganic substances. The aim of the present study was to analyze the vertical distribution of Fe and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeRB) in the surface sediment (30 cm) of Lake Donghu, China. At the 3 sites we surveyed, FeRB and Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) coexisted in anoxic sediments. Geobacter-related FeRB accounted for 5%–31% of the total Bacteria, while Gallionella-related FeOB accounted for only 0.1%–1.3%. A significant correlation between the relative abundance of poorly crystalline Fe and Geobacter spp. suggested that poorly crystalline Fe favored microbial Fe(III) reduction. Poorly crystalline Fe and Geobacter spp. were significantly associated with solid-phase Fe(II) and total inorganic phosphorus levels. Pore water Fe(II) concentrations negatively correlated with NO3–at all sites. We concluded that Geobacter spp. were abundant in the sediments of Lake Donghu, and the redox of Fe might participate in the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments. These observations provided insight into the roles of microbial Fe cycling in lake sediments.

scholarly journals Beta human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in serum of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K N Syrigos ◽  
I Fyssas ◽  
M M Konstandoulakis ◽  
K J Harrington ◽  
S Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Pancreatic Exocrine ◽  
The Difference

Background—Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is normally produced and secreted by trophoblastic cells during pregnancy and from gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. It is also detected in ovarian, stomach, and colon adenocarcinomas, as well as in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Recently, interest in its role in the pathogenesis of tumours has been enlivened after the presence of βhCG in the cell membrane of several malignant cells was shown in vitro.Aims—To investigate the circulating concentrations of βhCG in patients with exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to examine its potential prognostic value.Patients—Thirty six patients with exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 21 healthy volunteers were studied.Methods—βhCG serum concentrations were detected by the application of a radioimmunoassay technique.Results—Fifteen of 36 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and only one patient with chronic pancreatitis had detectable plasma concentrations of βhCG (p<0.01). The patients with circulating serum titres of βhCG had a worse outcome compared with the group of βhCG negative patients: the difference was statistically significant (p=0.01).Conclusion—More than 40% of pancreatic exocrine tumours produce βhCG and its production is correlated with an adverse effect on outcome.

Bioavailability of lithium preparations

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Serum Lithium Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Fluids ◽  
The Difference

Lithium is effective in the prophylaxis of affective disorders1 2 and is being increasingly used. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic ratio and the difference between toxic and ineffective plasma concentrations is small. To avoid the fluctuations in plasma level which occur with the conventional lithium carbonate tablets (Camcolit - Camden) two sustained-release preparations Priadel (Delandale) and Phasal (Pharmax) have been introduced. In vitro, both Phasal and Priadel are released much more slowly than Camcolit into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.3 In order to determine the appropriate dosage schedules, the bioavailabilities of these preparations should be established and constant for all patients. Regular estimations of serum lithium concentration are essential; to ensure the best therapeutic effect the level should be between 0.8 and 1.4mmol/litre in samples taken 12 hours after the last dose of lithium.4

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Comparison of Specific Antibody, D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl and Aprotinin for Prevention of In Vitro Effects of Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator on Haemostasis Parameters

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Seifried ◽  
P Tanswell
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters

SummaryIn vitro, concentration-dependent effects of rt-PA on a range of coagulation and fibrinolytic assays in thawed plasma samples were investigated. In absence of a fibrinolytic inhibitor, 2 μg rt-PA/ml blood (3.4 μg/ml plasma) caused prolongation of clotting time assays and decreases of plasminogen (to 44% of the control value), fibrinogen (to 27%), α2-antiplasmin (to 5%), FV (to 67%), FVIII (to 41%) and FXIII (to 16%).Of three inhibitors tested, a specific polyclonal anti-rt-PA antibody prevented interferences in all fibrinolytic and most clotting assays. D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl (PPACK) enabled correct assays of fibrinogen and fibrinolytic parameters but interfered with coagulometric assays dependent on endogenous thrombin generation. Aprotinin was suitable only for a restricted range of both assay types.Most in vitro effects were observed only with rt-PA plasma concentrations in excess of therapeutic values. Nevertheless it is concluded that for clinical application, collection of blood samples on either specific antibody or PPACK is essential for a correct assessment of in vivo effects of rt-PA on the haemostatic system in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy.

Reliability of a Single β-Thromboglobulin Measurement in a Diabetic Population : Importance of PGE1 in Anticoagulant Mixture

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Y Scarabin ◽  
L Strain ◽  
C A Ludlam ◽  
J Jones ◽  
E M Kohner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Release

SummaryDuring the collection of samples for plasma β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) determination, it is well established that artificially high values can be observed due to in-vitro release. To estimate the reliability of a single β-TG measurement, blood samples were collected simultaneously from both arms on two separate occasions in 56 diabetic patients selected for a clinical trial. From each arm, blood was taken into two tubes containing an anticoagulant mixture with (tube A) and without (tube B) PGE!. The overall mean value of B-TG in tube B was 1.14 times higher than in tube A (p <0.01). The markedly large between-arms variation accounted for the most part of within-subject variation in both tubes and was significantly greater in tube B than in tube A. Based on the difference between B-TG values from both arms, the number of subjects with artifically high B-TG values was significantly higher in tube B than in tube A on each occasion (overall rate: 28% and 14% respectively). Estimate of between-occasions variation showed that B-TG levels were relatively stable for each subject between two occasions in each tube. It is concluded that the use of PGEi decreases falsely high B-TG levels, but a single measurement of B-TG does not provide a reliable estimate of the true B-TG value in vivo.

Systemic Effects of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation and Their Modification by Aspirin and by Pyridinolcarbamate

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 178-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Paul Didisheim
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Carotid Arterial ◽  
Arterial Po2

SummaryADP, AMP, or ATP was injected rapidly intravenously in rats. ADP injection resulted in the f olio wing transient changes: a drop in platelet count, a rise in central venous pressure, a fall in carotid arterial PO2, bradycardia, arrhythmia, flutter-fibrillation, and arterial hypotension. AMP and ATP produced some of these same effects; but except for hypotension, their frequency and severity Avere much less than those following ADP.Prior intravenous administration of acetylsalicylic acid or pyridinolcarbamate, two inhibitors of the second wave of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, significantly reduced the frequency and severity of all the above ADP-induced changes except hypotension. These observations suggest that many of the changes (except hypotension) observed to follow ADP injection are produced by platelet aggregates which lodge transiently in various microcirculatory beds then rapidly disaggregate and recirculate.

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