Fusarium species associated with wheat in Victoria

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Unrecorded Species

Wheat roots and seeds were examined for Fusarium species during surveys in 1970 and 1971. Fusarium spp. were commonly isolated from root lesions, especially those on older plants, but seldom from seed. However, frequency of isolation from seed was increased by using a selective medium containing pentachloro-nitrobenaene. Fourteen species, including eleven not previously recorded on wheat in Victoria, were identified, Previously recorded species were: F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. graminearum. Previously unrecorded species were : F. arthrosporioides, F. avenaceum, F. camptoceras, F. chlamydosporum, F. concolor, F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. sambucinum var. coeruleum, F. semitectum, F. sporotrichioides and F. trichothecioides. The commonest were the weakly pathogenic species F. avenaceum, F. equseti and F. oxysporum. The strongly pathogenic species F. graminearum, was seldo isolated and the other strongly pathogenic species, F. culmorum, was common only in the Southern cereal district.

Fusarium SPECIES ISOLATED FROM WHEAT SAMPLES CONTAINING TOMBSTONE (SCAB) KERNELS FROM ONTARIO, MANITOBA, AND SASKATCHEWAN

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. CLEAR ◽  
S. K. PATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Growing Conditions

The Fusarium spp. associated with samples of wheat seed containing tombstone kernels were identified for 454 samples collected in 1986 and 1987, representing six wheat classes from three provinces. The results indicate that the frequencies and distribution of the 13 species isolated were influenced by geographic location, growing conditions and wheat class. In 1986 and 1987, F. graminearum infected the most seeds and samples of Ontario-grown wheats. It was also the most frequently recovered species from Manitoba wheats in 1986, but was absent from the Saskatchewan wheats. In 1987, F. avenaceum was isolated from the greatest percentage of seeds from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The greatest percentage of Manitoba samples in 1986 and 1987 were infected by F. sporotrichioides whereas F. acuminatum infected the most Saskatchewan samples. Only F. graminearum infected more than 7% of the seeds of any sample of Canada Western Red Spring, Canada Prairie Spring, Canada Eastern White Winter, Canada Eastern Red Winter, or Canada Eastern Red Spring class of wheat (to a maximum of 52%), whereas five species (F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) exceeded that level in one or more samples of the Canada Western Amber Durum class. The other seven Fusarium spp. (F. compactum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. pallidoroseum, and F. subglutinans) combined accounted for <5% of isolates. Overall, the lowest frequency of Fusarium spp. was found in the Canada Western Red Spring class of wheats, and the highest in the Canada Western Amber Durum class.Key words: Fusarium, wheat, disease, graminearum, avenaceum, scab

Selective Efficacy of Culture Media Recommended for Isolation and Enumeration of Fusarium spp.

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. BRAGULAT ◽  
E. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
G. CASTELLÁ ◽  
F. J. CABAÑES
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Different Strains

Selective culture media, such as Nash and Snyder medium (NS), dichloran-chloramphenicol peptone agar (DCPA), modified Czapek-Dox agar (MCz), Czapek Dox iprodione dichloran agar (CZID), potato dextrose iprodione dichloran agar (PDID), or malachite green agar (MGA 2.5), have been developed for isolating and enumerating Fusarium spp. from natural samples. However, some of these culture media are not very selective because they allow the growth of many other fungal species. In this study, a comparison of the selective efficacy of these culture media, using different strains of Fusarium spp. (F. anthophilum, F. culmorum, F. dlamini, F. graminearum, F. napiforme, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. subglutinans, and F. verticillioides) and natural samples has been carried out. Among the six recommended selective culture media assayed, no statistical differences were detected in colony counts of the Fusarium spp. strains tested, although the colony diameters in MGA 2.5 were significantly lower than in NS, MCz, DCPA, CZID, and PDID media. With natural samples, MGA 2.5 performs as a potent selective medium for Fusarium spp., whereas the other recommended selective media allow the growth of many other different fungal species including Zygomycetes and yeasts.

Development of a selective myclobutanil agar (MBA) medium for the isolation of Fusarium species from asparagus fields

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vujanovic ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Suha Jabaji-Hare ◽  
Marc St-Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
Fusarium Sp

A new selective myclobutanil agar medium for the detection of Fusarium species is proposed. Ten media formulations based on various selective agents (pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), Rose Bengal, malachite green, sodium hypochlorite, captan, benomyl, chlorotalonil, myclobutanil, thiram, and cupric sulfate) were compared. First, mycelium growth and colony appearance of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum nigrum,Fusarium sp., Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma viride isolates were compared. Second, the ability of the different media to isolate and enumerate fusaria from asparagus fields was evaluated. The myclobutanil-based medium showed the highest selectivity to Fusarium spp. growth but required a slightly longer incubation time (>5 d) than peptone–pentachloronitrobenzene-based agar (PPA) (< 5 d). PPA allowed a faster fusaria growth but also permited the growth of other moulds. The other media were less selective and did not allow to isolate fusaria or to differenciate them from other growing fungi.Key words: selective medium, myclobutanil, Fusarium, soil, Asparagus.

scholarly journals Effects of Antagonists on Mycotoxins of Seedborne Fusarium spp. in Sweet Corn

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ridout ◽  
Bruce Godfrey ◽  
George Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
F1 Cross

Fusarium species coexist as toxigenic, systemic pathogens in sweet corn seed production in southwestern Idaho, USA. We hypothesized that fungal antagonists of seedborne Fusarium would differentially alter production of Fusarium mycotoxins directly and/or systemically. We challenged the Fusarium complex by in vitro antagonism trials and in situ silk and seed inoculations with fungal antagonists. Fungal antagonists reduced growth and sporulation of Fusarium species in vitro from 40.5% to as much as 100%. Pichia membranifaciens and Penicillium griseolum reduced fumonisin production by F. verticillioides by 73% and 49%, respectively, while P. membranifaciens and a novel Penicillium sp. (WPT) reduced fumonisins by F. proliferatum 56% and 78%, respectively. In situ, pre-planting inoculation of seeds with Penicillium WPT systemically increased fumonisins in the resulting crop. Morchella snyderi applied to silks of an F1 cross systemically reduced deoxynivalenol by 47% in mature seeds of the F2. Antagonists failed to suppress Fusarium in mature kernels following silk inoculations, although the ratio of F. verticillioides to total Fusarium double with some inoculants. Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations in sweet corn seed change systemically, as well as locally, in response to the presence of fungal antagonists, although in Fusarium presence in situ was not changed.

scholarly journals Survival of Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans in Maize Stalk Residue

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Cotten ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Maize Field ◽  
Continuous Maize ◽  
Maize Plants

The roles of residue size and burial depth were assessed in the survival of Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans in maize stalk residue. Stalk pieces (small or large sizes) were soaked in a spore suspension of F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, or F. subglutinans and placed in a field on the soil surface or buried at 15- or 30-cm depths. Residue pieces were recovered periodically, cultured on a selective medium, and microscopically examined for the presence of the inoculated Fusarium species. After 630 days, the inoculated Fusarium species were recovered from 0 to 50% of the inoculated stalk pieces in a long-term, continuous maize field, from 0 to 28% of the inoculated stalk pieces placed in a maize/soybean/oat rotation field, and from 0 to 25% of the noninoculated stalk pieces at both locations. Residue size and residue depth had significant effects on survival, but there were significant interactions among strain, depth, residue size, and time. Up to 343 days after placement in the field, survival of the three Fusarium species was not consistently different between buried residues and surface residues, but after 630 days, survival was greater from surface residues. Overall, fungus survival decreased more slowly in the surface residues than in the buried residues. Linear coefficients of determination ranged from 0.35 to 0.82 for the surface residues and from 0.81 to 0.98 for the buried residues. Decline in survival over time followed a more linear pattern in buried residues than in surface residues. Vegetative compatibility tests confirmed that F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans strains can survive at least 630 days in surface or buried maize residue. These results demonstrate that maize residue can act as a long-term source of inoculum for infection of maize plants by these three Fusarium species.

Biomonitoring of Fusarium spp. Mycotoxins: Perspectives for an Individual Exposure Assessment Tool

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cano-Sancho ◽  
S. Marin ◽  
A.J. Ramos ◽  
V. Sanchis
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Current Exposure

Fusarium species are probably the most prevalent toxin-producing fungi of the northern temperate regions and are commonly found on cereals grown in the temperate regions of America, Europe and Asia. Among the toxins formed by Fusarium we find trichothecenes of the A-type or B-type, zearalenone, fumonisins or nivalenol. The current exposure assessment consists of the qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation based on the knowledge of the mycotoxin occurrence in the food and the dietary habits of the population. This process permits quantifying the mycotoxin dietary intake through deterministic or probabilistic methods. Although these methods are suitable to assess the exposure of populations to contaminants and to identify risk groups, they are not recommended to evaluate the individual exposition, due to a low accuracy and sensitivity. On the contrary, the use of biochemical indicators has been proposed as a suitable method to assess individual exposure to contaminants. In this work, several techniques to biomonitor the exposure to fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone or T-2 toxin have been reviewed.

An improved selection technique and medium for the isolation and enumeration of Azospirillum brasilense

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bashan ◽  
Hanna Levanony
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Streptomycin Sulphate ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Selection Technique

An improved selection technique for isolation and enumeration of Azospirillum brasilense was developed. The technique is based on successive liquid enrichments in nitrogen-free semisolid medium supplemented with streptomycin, followed by the most probable number counting method and verification on a selective medium. The latter is based on Okon's nitrogen-free medium supplemented with cycloheximide (250 mg/L), streptomycin sulphate (200 mg/L), sodium deoxycholate (200 mg/L), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (15 mg/L), and Congo red (1000 mg/L). This medium was found to be superior to other available diagnostic media. The technique was readily applied to detect and count A. brasilense Cd in inoculated wheat roots.

In Vitro Binding of Zearalenone to Different Adsorbents

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE J. BUENO ◽  
LILIANA DI MARCO ◽  
GUILLERMO OLIVER ◽  
ALICIA BARDÓN
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Binding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vitro Binding ◽  
Dose Levels

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium species. No treatment has been successfully employed to get rid of the ZEA contained in foods. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability (adsorptive power) of five adsorbents—activated carbon, bentonite, talc, sandstone, and calcium sulfate—to trap ZEA in vitro. Activated carbon was the best adsorbent, binding 100% ZEA (pH 3 and 7.3) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% dose levels. Bentonite, talc, and calcium sulfate were less efficient than activated carbon but still could bind ZEA to some extent. On the other hand, sandstone was inactive in the experimental conditions employed. Our results indicate that activated carbon could be a good candidate for detoxification of ZEA present in foods.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Pathogenicity of Fusarium circinatum and other Fusarium Species in Polish Provenances of P. sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Davydenko ◽  
Justyna Nowakowska ◽  
Tomasz Kaluski ◽  
Magdalena Gawlak ◽  
Katarzyna Sadowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Unintentional Introduction ◽  
Different Levels

The fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), a disease which seriously affects different species of pine in forests and nurseries worldwide. In Europe, the fungus affects pines in northern Spain and Portugal, and it has also been detected in France and Italy. Here, we report the findings of the first trial investigating the susceptibility of Polish provenances of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., to infection by F. circinatum. In a greenhouse experiment, 16 Polish provenances of Scots pine were artificially inoculated with F. circinatum and with six other Fusarium species known to infect pine seedlings in nurseries. All pines proved highly susceptible to PPC and displayed different levels of susceptibility to the other Fusarium spp. tested. The findings obtained indicate the potentially strong threat of establishment of an invasive pathogen such as F. circinatum following unintentional introduction into Poland.

scholarly journals Incidence of leaf rot disease in relation to root (wilt) in young coconut palms and fungi in lamina and petiole lesions

CORD ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
N. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Rot

Coconut leaf rot in association with root (wilt) is widespread in southern districts of Kerala, India. The disease complex has spread to northern districts of the state and also adjacent districts in Tamil Nadu. Where as the root (wilt) is a systemic infection (due to phytoplasma) the leaf rot is a foliar syndrome due to fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Exserohilum rostratum, Fusarium spp.). Occurrence of leaf rot has been related to the incidence of root (wilt) and its appearance in young palms remained a matter of contention as to which disease precedes the other. Leaf rot lesions do occur on leaf petiole/mid-vein/mid-rib even as the disease lesions are known to be common on lamina (spindles). Investigations brought out that in majority of leaf rot affected young palms (2-5 years old) the flaccidity symptom of root (wilt) could be also discerned. In lesser number of affected palms, the other symptoms of root (wilt), yellowing and marginal necrosis, were also visible. As such, in 88.5% of leaf rot affected young palms one or the other symptom of root (wilt) has been recorded irrespective of season. C. gloeosporioides, E. rostratum and other fungi were found both in lamina and petiole lesions in different months. C. gloeosporioides was detected from petiole and lamina tissues in all the months, followed by E. rostratum, Fusarium spp. etc. C. gloeosporioides was isolated from these parts in more numbers and consistently during January-December. E. rostratum appeared erratically. Aggressiveness of C. gloeosporioides during months of wet season was confirmed. Fusarium spp. was isolated predominantly from these parts in dry months (January-May). Knowledge on occurrence of leaf rot in young palms in relation to root (wilt) and dynamics of leaf rot pathogens in leaf parts among months/seasons of year (in inoculums build-up, spread and dissemination) are important in the context of integrated management of root (wilt)-leaf rot complex.

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