A study on pollination of Packham's Triumph pears

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Pear Trees

The availability of pollen for fertilizing Packham's Triumph pear flowers and its dispersal aerially and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a pear orchard. Ripening and dehiscence of anthers were promoted by higher temperatures and lower relative humidities. More airborne pollen was in the orchard between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. than during the remainder of the day. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperature but not to visits to pear trees. Enclosing trees in beeproof cages did not cause significant effects on yield of fruit or seed counts. The apparent failure of bees to effect pollination of Packham's Triumph pear flowers is discussed.

The role of honeybees in pollination of cherries

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Marked Decline

The availability of pollen for fertilization of Moss' Early cherries and its dispersal by wind and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a cherry orchard. Ripening and dehiscence of anthers was promoted by higher temperatures and lower relative humidities. Airborne pollen concentrations in the orchard were greater between 10.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. than during the remainder of the day. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and bee visits to cherry flowers were comparable with those for apples. Enclosing trees in beeproof cages caused a marked decline in fruit yields.

A study on pollination of Winter Nelis pears

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Mesh Cage ◽  
Marked Decline

The roles of wind and honeybees in the transport of pollen for fertilization of Winter Nelis Pears was studied in a pear orchard at Doncaster East, Victoria. Concentrations of airborne pollen in the orchard were greater between 10.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. than during the remainder of the day but were similar inside and outside a 2.5 mm mesh cage. Enclosing the trees in beeproof cages caused a marked decline in fruit yields and in numbers of seeds per fruit. The results of this study are compared with those of a previous study with Packhams Triumph Pears.

Pollination of canning peaches cv. Golden Queen

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (99) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Insect Visitors

The pollination requirements of Golden Queen peaches were studied in an orchard in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria. There was virtually no airborne pollen in the open orchard nor inside a cage placed around a peach tree. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and honeybees accounted for 99.4% of insect visitors to the peach flowers. On trees to which bees had access there was a 1.2 times increase in the percentage of flowers that set fruit, but the weight of fruit harvested was not significantly different. Self-fertilization supplemented by honeybee pollination appears to be the normal mode of fruit set in this cultivar.

scholarly journals Intercropping With Aromatic Plants Increased the Soil Organic Matter Content and Changed the Microbial Community in a Pear Orchard

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Mingzheng Han ◽  
Mengni Song ◽  
Ji Tian ◽  
Beizhou Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Pear Trees

Intercropping influences the soil microbiota via litter and root exudate inputs, but the mechanisms by which root exudates mediate the soil microbial community and soil organic matter (SOM) are still unclear. In this study, we selected three aromatic plants (Ocimum basilicum, Tr1; Satureja hortensis, Tr2; Ageratum houstonianum, Tr3) as intercrops that separately grew between rows of pear trees, and no plants were grown as the control in a pear orchard during the spring–summer season for 3 years. The soil from each plot was collected using a stainless-steel corer by five-point sampling between rows of pear trees. The bacterial and fungal communities of the different aromatic intercrops were analyzed by 16S and ITS rRNA gene amplicon sequencing; their functional profiles were predicted by PICRUSt and FUNGuild analyses. The root exudates of the aromatic plants were analyzed by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system. Compared with the control treatment, all intercropping treatments with aromatic plants significantly increased SOM and soil water content and decreased pH values. The contents of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in Tr1 and Tr2 were higher than those in Tr3. In Tr3 soil, the relative content of saccharides increased little, whereas the changes in amine (increases) and alcohols (decreases) were rapid. Ageratum houstonianum intercropping decreased the microbial community diversity and significantly influenced the relative abundances of the dominant microbiota (Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Gemmatimonadetes, Cyanobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota) at the phylum, class, and order levels, which increased the assemblage of functional groups (nitrite ammonification, nitrate ammonification, and ureolysis groups). Our study suggested that the main root exudates from aromatic plants shaped the microbial diversity, structure, and functional groups related to the N cycle during SOM mineralization and that intercropping with aromatic plants (especially basil and summer savory) increased N release in the orchard soil.

Effects of liming on soil pH and manganese toxicity in a Goulburn valley pear orchard

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Selimi ◽  
RR Nickelson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Pear Trees

The effects of low soil pH and its correction by liming on the performance of Josephine de Malines and Packham's Triumph pear trees, under irrigation conditions, in the Goulburn Valley were studied for 14 years. Under low soil pH conditions, Mn, Fe, and Al became more available in the soil, but the only element to be found in toxic quantities in plant tissues was Mn. Under these acid conditions, Josephine de Malines pears grew and yielded poorly and exhibited Mn toxicity symptoms in the form of internal bark necrosis and coarse fruit skin russet. Packham's Triumph pear trees were not affected adversely by acid soil conditions. When low soil pH was corrected to the desired level by lime applications, the Mn became less available in soil, its concentration in the plant tissue was reduced, and Mn toxicity symptoms largely disappeared.

A study on pollination of dessert peaches cv. Crawford

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (87) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
PT Jenkins ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

The availability of pollen for fertilization of Crawford peaches and its dispersal by wind and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a peach orchard. Optimum conditions for ripening and dehiscence of the anthers were provided when temperatures were above 25�C and humidity was below 70 per cent R.H. There was virtually no airborne pollen in the open orchard or inside a cage placed around a peach tree. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and bee visits to peach trees were low compared with those for cherries or apples. On trees to which bees had access there was a 2.9 x increase in percentage of flowers that set fruit and a 2.6 x increase in weight of fruit harvested as compared with trees from which bees were excluded.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cover Crops on the Biodiversity and Abundance of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods in a Mediterranean Pear Orchard

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Luis de Pedro ◽  
Luis Gabriel Perera-Fernández ◽  
Elena López-Gallego ◽  
María Pérez-Marcos ◽  
Juan Antonio Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
And Control

The intensification of agriculture has led to the reduction of the diversity of arthropods in agroecosystems, including that of ground-dwelling species. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of a sown cover crop on the diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods, including key predators for pest control in pear orchards. The trial was carried out in a pear orchard divided in three blocks; two treatments (cover-cropping and control) were implemented in each block. A seed mixture of 10 plant species was used in the plots with the sown cover. The densities of ground-dwelling arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps. The ground cover had a significant impact on the diversity and abundance of arthropods. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index was significantly higher for the cover than for the control plots. Several families of spiders (Linyphiidae, Lycosidae), beetles (Carabidae, Staphylinidae) and hymenopterans (Scelionidae) were significantly more abundant in the cover-sown plots. Ants and collembola had a significantly higher abundance in the control plots. Some of these groups arthropods (ants and spiders), are represented by species that may commute between ground and pear trees, having an impact on pest control. The use of cover crops is encouraged to enhance biodiversity in farmlands.

scholarly journals Use of root pruning, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca combination strategies to control growth and improve productivity on pear trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e0902
Author(s):  
Jaume Lordan ◽  
Pere Vilardell ◽  
Estanis Torres ◽  
Simó Alegre ◽  
Luis Asín
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Combination Strategies ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Growth control in pear orchards is essential, not just to reduce competition between vegetative and reproductive sinks, but also to improve return bloom, yield and fruit quality. The goal to optimize growth control, return bloom and yield must be pursued with the integration or combination of several strategies. Aim of this study was to assess the use of root pruning, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) either alone or in combination, to control growth and improve productivity on pear trees. The experiment was conducted during three years in a 10 year-old pear orchard with ‘Blanquilla’ as the scion cultivar. All of the different strategies that were assessed improved growth control in pear trees, with different grade depending on the strategy. Control trees had about 50% of the shoots shorter than 60 cm, root pruning 63%, ProCa 70%, paclobutrazol and root pruning plus ProCa 83%, and root pruning plus paclobutrazol 86%. In addition, yield, fruit weight and return bloom were more affected by applications of ProCa than paclobutrazol. Use of paclobutrazol either alone or in combination with root pruning seems to be most suitable for situations of high-vigor cultivars. The fact that use of paclobutrazol may be challenged again in the future, leave combinations of root pruning plus ProCa as the best shot for vigorous cultivars. In other situations of medium-low vigor, ProCa alone would be the best strategy.

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