Studies in flock mating of sheep. 3. Effect of undernutrition of ewes during joining

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (51) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWH Braden
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Medium Condition ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
The Mean

One hundred five-year-old Merino ewes in medium condition (44 kg) were fed at one-third of the maintenance level from the start of joining until 3-4 weeks post-coitum (P.C.). The mean decrease in liveweight in the 3-4 weeks was 1.5 kg/week. One hundred similar ewes were fed so as to maintain liveweight. A ram was joined with each group during daylight hours for 15 days, and the course of mating observed constantly. Ewes were killed either 1-2 days p.c. or 24-38 days p.c. There was no evidence of an effect of the under-nutrition on mating behaviour, number of spermatoza in the ewe genital tract, fertilization rate (89 per cent for both) or early embryo losses (7 per cent and 3 per cent). The relatively low embryonic loss appeared to be related to the low ovulation rate (1.16).

Fertilization and return rates in Bungaree and Peppin Merino ewes mated in autumn

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
JR Giles
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
The Difference

A series of studies was conducted in 1968 and 1969 to compare fertilization rates, return rate, and sperm distribution in the genital tract in Bungaree and Peppin Merino ewes. Differences in lambing rates of the two ewe strains were demonstrated, but there was no major difference in fertilization rate in either year. A significantly higher proportion of Bungaree ewes had less than 1000 sperm in the fallopian tubes 24 hours after service, but there were no significant differences in any other character examined. Contrary to an earlier report, fertilization failure is unlikely to have been a major cause of a difference in the fertility of the two strains in the two years, and embryonic loss is likely to have made a significant contribution to the difference in their fertility.

scholarly journals 374 Early embryonic loss is an important mechanism for maximizing litter size in the pig

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
Rodney D Geisert ◽  
Ashley E Meyer ◽  
Caroline A Pfeiffer ◽  
Destiny N Johns ◽  
Randall S Prather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Large Litter ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Embryo Loss

Abstract Litter size of commercial dam lines of pigs has seen a significant increase over the last 20 years. Although the current large litter size of gilts and sows can be attributed to improved genetic selection and nutrition, much of the increase in total number born has occurred through the continued increase in ovulation rate over the last four decades. Ovulation rate has increased from 14 in the 80’s to today’s average of 20–25 in commercial dam lines. However, high ovulation rate not only causes increased competition between embryos (uterine crowding), but the number of potential piglets born can out strip the number available teats. In addition, fetal crowding can reduce fetal growth and comprise health and survivability of lighter weight piglets at birth. Since there is usually minimal embryo loss observed up to blastocyst formation and hatching, the majority (20 to 30%) of embryonic loss occurs during Days 10 to 30 of gestation, which encompasses a critical period of conceptus development and differentiation, pregnancy recognition signaling, and onset of implantation. This period of early embryo loss is actually essential for establishing adequate uterine space to support fetal survival for a large litter. The period of rapid conceptus elongation on Day 12 of pregnancy provides a key “selection point” for regulating potential litter size in the pig. Establishing the fundamental roles of conceptus- and uterine-secreted factors is an essential step to develop strategies to increase placental and fetal growth to improve overall health and survivability of piglets before and after birth. During the peri-implantation period of pregnancy, porcine conceptuses produce interleukin-1B2, estrogens, prostaglandins and interferons. CRISPR/Cas9 genomic engineering technology has provided a direct method to evaluate the role of key pig conceptus genes. Loss-of-function studies have increased our understanding of the multiplicity of uterine/conceptus factors that are involved with maintenance of pregnancy.

Relationships among uterine and placental factors in prolific ewes and their relevance to variations in foetal weight

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Foetal Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTObservations were made on the distribution of ovulations between the two ovaries, the distribution of foetuses between the two uterine horns, the total numbers of cotyledonary burrs, and the weights and numbers of foetal cotyledons for each foetus in 80 Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes killed between 50 and 145 days of gestation. While ovulations were randomly distributed between right and left ovaries, viable foetuses were more evenly distributed between right and left uterine horns. Migration of embryos between the horns contributed to this relative balance but early foetal mortality, which increased with ovulation rate, tended to upset it. The mean number of foetal cotyledons per foetus depended on litter size and distribution, and at any fixed litter size was substantially reduced in those ewes with six or more ovulations. Foetal weights were also relatively low in these ewes. The total weight of cotyledons per foetus decreased by about 12% for each increase of one in number of foetuses, as compared with a 20% decrease in number of cotyledons but only a 7 to 11 % decrease in the weight of the individual foetuses. Comparisons between foetuses within the same litter led to similar trends in the ratios of cotyledon numbers, cotyledon weights and foetal weights. It is suggested that the presence of some very small lambs in large litters should not be attributed to maternal under-nutrition in late pregnancy.

25 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ENABLES HIGH FERTILIZATION RATES IN NORMAL CYCLING AND IN SUPEROVULATED CATTLE WITH REDUCED DOSAGES OF UNSORTED SPERMATOZOA AND WITH SEXED SPERMATOZOA

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
F. Becker ◽  
W. Kanitz ◽  
G. Nurnberg ◽  
D. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Fertilization

Different factors determine the effectiveness of the use of sires in AI. Most important factors are the number of inseminated spermatozoa, the quality of spermatozoa, and the time of insemination. Especially in superovulated animals, the insemination scheme plays in important role to cover the whole ovulation period. The influence of 3 different dosages of spermatozoa (15 × 106, 5 × 106, and 1 × 106) on fertilization rate was examined in experiment A. In experiment B, one dosage of female and male spermatozoa of 3 different bulls was used for timed AI in 31 heifers. Timed AI in normal-cycling cattle [13 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) application] with detected corpus luteum (Days 8 to 13 of cycle) was carried out after induction of luteolysis and induction of ovulation [GnRH application 60 h after prostaglandin F2α (PGF2) application]. Embryos and oocytes were flushed from the oviduct of 116 hemicastrated or slaughtered heifers on Day 4 after insemination. The ovulation rate in heifers was 95.4%. Eighty percent of the oocytes or embryos were recovered. The influence of the factors sire, ejaculate, and dosage were tested by GLM analyses of SAS® (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). There was no significant difference in the fertilization rate (93.3, 96.2, and 78.8%) and in the proportion of normally developed embryos (84.6, 80.7, and 75.8%) between groups. Significant differences were found in the mean number of accessory sperms/embryo and in the proportion of embryos with >10 accessory sperms/embryo or without accessory sperms; however, the proportion of intact embryos was similar. Using sexed semen in experiment B, similar results were obtained after flushing of the oviducts on Day 4 after insemination of hemicastrated or slaughtered animals. In total, an ovulation rate of 91.7%, a recovery rate of 70%, and a fertilization rate of 86.8% were obtained. There were no differences between female- and male-sorted spermatozoa and the control group. In experiment C, altogether 13 heifers were treated 8 times with FSH for 4 days starting between Day 8 to 12 of estrous cycle. Prostaglandin F2α was given 48 and 60 h after the first FSH injection. Insemination with sexed semen (n = 5 heifers) and with unsorted semen (n = 8; 15 × 106 and 1 × 106) was done at 55 and 71 h after induction of luteolysis. Flushing of the uterus was performed on Day 7. Using the time-oriented insemination after superovulation of animals, fertilization rates varied between 65 and 85%. There was no difference between groups regarding the number of transferable embryos (5.5, 4.9, and 4.8). The results demonstrate that the application of an approved insemination schedule may accomplish high fertilization rates after insemination with sexed or reduced dosages of spermatozoa in normal-cycling as well as superovulated cattle.

Fertilization and embryo mortality in Bungaree Merino ewes mated in autumn

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Giles
Keyword(s):  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Fertilization and embryo mortality were examined in Bungaree ewes to determine their contribution to the known low autumn fertility of these ewes. A group of approximately 100 ewes was joined for 34 days in April with two Bungaree rams and a similar group was joined with two Peppin rams. Ewes were removed from the groups within two days of mating and half the mated ewes were laparotomized to determine ovulation rate and percentage of ova fertilized. Remaining ewes were allowed to lamb and embryo mortality was calculated as the difference between the expected number of fertilized eggs and the number of lambs born to ewes mated but not laparotomized. There was no significant difference between the groups in either fertilization rate or estimated embryo mortality. The mean fertilization rate was 53.3 per cent of ova recovered (53.4 per cent of ewes had fertilized ova) and embryo mortality was calculated to be 19.6 per cent of ova fertilized. The mean percentage of ewes losing all fertilized ova was calculated to be 7.8 per cent of ewes mated. It is suggested that fertilization failure is the major factor in the low fertility of these ewes.

Fertility in Cheviot ewes. 2. The effect of level of pre-mating nutrition on ovulation rate and early embryo mortality in North and South Country Cheviot ewes in moderately-good condition at mating

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
J. M. Doney ◽  
W. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
The North ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTIn two experiments over 2 years, 57 North Country Cheviot and 82 South Country Cheviot hill ewes were differentially group-fed indoors over a 2-month period to achieve either good or moderate body con- dition. Over 5 weeks prior to mating, ewes in good condition were brought down in condition by restricted feeding and ewes in mod- erate condition were raised in condition by a high level of feeding. The ewes were thus in moderately-good condition at mating. After mating, ewes were maintained in this condition until killed either on return to service or at 29 ± 8 days for counts of corpora lutea and viable embryos.Ovulation rate in each breed was positively related to the level of pre-mating food intake at the condition level studied. Embryo mortality, as ova loss, was not influenced overall by the level of pre-mating food intake but loss of multiple-shed ova was greater than that of single-shed ova in ewes which had been on restricted feeding before mating. Although a greater proportion of ewes in the North Country Cheviot breed were not pregnant at slaughter, this could not be identified as a breed difference since the breeds were studied in different years.

Quantitation of Albumin and Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein in Human Cervical Mucus

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Salas Herrera ◽  
R.M. Pearson ◽  
P. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Female Genital

1 Concentrations of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in human cervical mucus have been measured by a radial immunodiffusion technique. 2 The cervical mucus samples were obtained from women on combined oral contraceptives (Group A) and from women not taking this medication (Group B). In group A the mean level of albumin was 75.6 (range 22-198) mg 1-1 and for AGP 6.5 (range 3-12) mg 1-1. In group B the mean level of albumin was 72.9 (range 22-148) mg 1-1 and for AGP 6.6 (range 3-14) mg 1 -1. 3 The levels of albumin and AGP in cervical mucus were less than 1% of the concentration in serum and were not affected by combined oral contraceptives. 4 The clinical and toxicological consequences of these observations, in terms of the disposition of drugs and other chemicals in the female genital tract, await elucidation.

scholarly journals PR0P0F0L VS. THIOPENTAL NA

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
FARNOUSH FARZI ◽  
Mona Oudi ◽  
MARZIEH MEHRAFZA ◽  
Zahra Mohammad Tabar ◽  
ALI MIRMANSOURI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Operative Nausea

O b j e c t i v e : The aim of this study was to compare the side effects, fertilization rate and pregnancy rate (PR) and duration ofrecovery between Propofol and Thiopental Na after ICSI-vaginal retrieval of oocyte in ART cycle. D e s i g n : This study was a prospective,randomized clinical trial Materials and M e t h o d s : Ninety eight ASA(American Society of Anesthesiologist) physical status I and II womenparticipating in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection) ICSI) program were assessed. All of the patients underwent general anesthesia inductionwith Propofol and Thiopental Na. The first group (49cycles) received 2-2.5mg/kg of Propofol, and the second group (49cycles) received 5mg/kgThiopental during transvaginal oocyte retrieval. An informed consent form was obtained for each patients treatment. Variables under studyincluded: female age, cause and duration of infertiIity^postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV), heamodynamic changes, mean number ofoocyte retrieved, oocyte metaphase II, embryo cleaved, embryo transferred, embryo quality and pregnancy rate(PR)and duration recovery.Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS.10 software and statistical test of T-test and chi-square. R e s u l t s : The PR in Propofol groupwas 18(36.7%) and in Thiopental Na group was 19(38.8%) with no significant differences the mean duration of infertility and weight weren'tstatistically significant. The mean number of oocyte retrieved (metaphase II), embryo cleaved, embryo transferred and embryo quality weren'tsignificant between the two groups. The incidence of nausea in Propofol group in comparison with Thiopental Na group was lower withsignificant differences. The incidence of vomiting between two groups was statistically significant (46.9% vs.28.6% respectively)(P<0.05).between two groups. Duration of recovery in Propofol group was 15+/_3min and in Thiopental Na group was 25+/_5 min that was statisticallysignificant(P<0.05). C o n c l u s i o n s : Propofol offered lower incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting and a quick recovery from anesthesia without any adverse effect on pregnancy outcome. These findings showed that Propofol was a good alternative for Thiopental Na in short timeoperation, like ICSI -vaginal retrieval of oocytes.

scholarly journals Some Biological Aspects of Cultured Ompok Pabda (Hamilton, 1822) Collected from A Local Fish Farm in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Dulon Roy ◽  
Ashish Kumer Sarker ◽  
Abu Musa Mohammad Khairul Abedin ◽  
Smita Sarker ◽  
Kazi Nahida Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Gonad Weight ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Gonadal Maturity ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Maturity

An experiment was conducted to observe some biological aspects including growth, sex ratio, gonadal maturity, artificial insemination, fecundity, fertilization, hatching and larval development of O. pabda in a private hatchery. Total weight of the sampled fish varied from 1.60±0.43 to 111.12±6.83 g and length varied from 3.57±0.65 to 21.22±1.84 cm with the SGR 2.85±0.18 and ADG 0.73±0.05. The length and weight of the fish had a strong correlation (r²=0.966). Female dominance over male has been observed in the species. The male to female ratio was 1:1.48. Females were 16.8 cm in length at first maturity, while males were 16.6 cm in length. The GSI of female were ranged from 2.93 to 4.77 with the mean of 3.77±0.60 during the study period. The fecundity of O. pabda was ranged from 5675 to 19626 with the mean of 12503±4192 for the corresponding length 21.23±1.71, body weight 111.12±7.6 and gonad weight 4.19±0.87. Fertilization rate, hatching rate and larval development observed during the experiment. Scattered diagram for length-weight, fecundity-length, fecunditybody weight and fecundity-gonad weight relationship shows a perfect correlation both arithmetically and logarithmically.

Estimation of water content by tritium dilution of animals subjected to rapid live-weight changes

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. McManus ◽  
R. K. Prichard ◽  
Carolyn Baker ◽  
M. V. Petruchenia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARYThe use of tritiated water to estimate total body-water content of animals experiencing recovery from under-nutrition was studied.The time for equilibration of tritiated water (TOH), given intraperitoneally, with total body water (TBW) was determined in rabbits and in rats. As judged by the specific activity of blood water, equilibration had occurred by 76–125 min in the rabbit and did not appear to be affected by the plane of nutrition. However, between slaughter groups the specific activity of water obtained from the liver 180 min after injection of TOH was significantly different from the specific activity of water simultaneously obtained from the blood plasma. It is concluded that the liver is not a suitable tissue to use for testing achievement of equilibration.As judged by the specific activity of blood water compared to that of water from the whole body macerate, equilibration in mature rats either in stable body condition or undergoing rapid compensatory growth occurred in less than 60 min.A trial comparing TOH-space (corrected by 3% body weight) and actual TBW (by desiccation) was conducted on thirty rabbits which experienced under-nutrition followed by compensatory growth.Prior to under-nutrition the agreement between actual and estimated TBW was satisfactory and within 2·3%. During compensatory growth the agreement was poor— the TOH values over-estimating actual TBW by about 12%.A trial with mature rats confirmed the findings with rabbits. For rats in stable body weight the mean estimated TOH-space for fourteen animals was within 1·2% of the actual TBW. For fourteen rats undergoing compensatory growth the mean estimated TOH-space (corrected by 3% body weight) overestimated actual TBW by 6·2%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document