Seed pelleting to improve nodulation of tropical and sub-tropical legumes. 2. The variable response to lime and rock phosphate pelleting of eight legumes in the field

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Norris
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Tropical Legumes

To determine whether a lime oy rock phosphate pellet has any beneficial effect on nodulation of tropical legumes two field experiments were done using Centrosema pubescens, Dolichos lab lab, Desmodium intortum, D. uncinatm, Lotononis angolensis, and Glycine wightii cvs. Cooper, Clarence and Tinaroo. At one site the experiment was sod-seeded into a Paspalum-Axonopus sward, at the other it was sown into cultivated soil. The second site was acid and calcium-deficient and lime was deliberately withheld to introduce bias towards a lime pellet response. At both sites each legume was tried separately with two effective Rhizobium strains and the effect of lime or phosphate pelleting was assessed by comparison with inoculation done with Cellofas sticker without pellet. Nodulation was assessed on 100 plants of each species at ages from seven to twelve weeks. At the sod-seeding site Lotononis and D. intortum did not establish, but the remaining twelve legume-Rhizobium combinations showed no benefit in nodulation from lime pelleting. At the calcium-deficient site lime pelleting in comparison with Cellofas inoculation improved nodulation with eight legume-Rhizobium combinations, had no effect with six combinations, and depressed nodulation with two combinations. Rock phosphate pelleting showed no benefit in nodulation in twelve combinations under sod-seeding. At the calcium-deficient site four combinations showed improved nodulation and 12 combinations no effect, but there were no negative effects. Good nodulation resulted from simple Cellofas inoculation at both sites, with the exception of D. uncinatum at Beerwah. Pelleting treatments gave no yield increases with the exception of D. uncinatum at Beerwah where yield was significantly increased by lime pelleting. No evidence in favour of routine pelleting with either lime or phosphate was provided bv these experiments. The superiority of certain rhizobial strains as field inoculants was demonstrated.

Seed pelleting to improve nodulation of tropical and subtropical legumes. 6. The effects of dilute sticker and of bauxite pelleting on nodulation of six legumes

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Norris
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Dolichos Lablab ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Previous Series

In a field experiment at Beerwah, Queensland, bauxite pellet applied with 4 per cent methyl cellulose sticker and 1 per cent methyl cellulose as a simple sticker for the inoculant were compared with the standard treatments used successfully in a previous series of experiments. These were peat applied with 4 per cent methyl cellulose, and Florida rock phosphate pellet with 4 per cent methyl cellulose sticker. Legumes and Rhizobium strains tested were Desmodium uncinatum and D. intortum, inoculated with Rhizobium CB627, Lablab purpureus (formerly Dolichos lablab), Glycine wightii (three cvs. Clarence, Cooper and Tinaroo), and Macroptilium atropurpureum (formerly Phaseolus atropurpureus), all inoculated with Rhizobium CB756, and Lotononis bainesii inoculated with Rhizobium CB376. All were planted after 2-day and 28-day storage of inoculated seed. The effectiveness of the treatments was checked by nodule counting and by serologically identifying the strains in a random sample of nodules from each treatment. The majority of nodules formed came from the applied inoculants, but there were no differences between the inoculation treatments in nodulation criteria or effect on yield. The experiment confirmed that bauxite is a satisfactory pelleting material for tropical legumes, but the application of the inoculant peat with 1 per cent methyl cellulose leads to equally good nodulation.

Effects of Pelleting Cowpea and Soyabean Seed with Fertilizer Dusts

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Rhodes ◽  
D. Nangju
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Coating Materials

SUMMARYTwo field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several pelleting materials in increasing the yields of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) on acid soils in Sierra Leone. The results demonstrated the beneficial effect of molybdenum, applied either alone or in combination with rock phosphate, in improving growth and yield of cowpea. The beneficial effect of molybdenum was comparable (Exp. 1) or greater (Exp. 2) than the effect of liming with 3 t/ha basic slag. However, none of the coating materials had any effect on soyabean growth and yield, although molybdenum significantly increased nodules/plant. Calcium carbonate and basic slag pelletings were ineffective in both crops.

scholarly journals The effect of ADD-H preservative (ammonium propionate) on the quality and feedingvalue of baled hay

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Aino Rauramaa
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Slight Improvement ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Crude Fibre Content

The effect of ADD-H at 3 or 4 rates of application on the quality and feeding value of baled hay at 3 dey matter levels (65.0—69.9, 70.0—74.9 and 75.0—79.9 %) was studied on Hankkija’s farm in Kangasala and at DM 78—82 % on the Koivisto farm in Hausjärvi. The field experiments were performed in 1979 and the testing of the hay completed by the following spring. The field experiments were affected by uneven drying of the hay, uneven rewetting due to rainfall after cutting, loss of ADD-H during application, uneven distribution of ADD-H in the bales, and other factors. At DM 65.0—69.9 % ADD-H gave only a slight improvement in hay quality; at the highest application rate the sugar content was the highest and the crude fibre content the lowest. At the other DM levels ADD-H restricted the generation of heat during storage; the sugar content was higher, and the mould count lower, in the treated hay than in the untreated hay. The beneficial effect of ADD-H on the feeding value of baled hay was small; further study on this aspect is required.

Development and regional planning within the decentralized administrative frame: case study (the Jordanian Experiment)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Way

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

An assessment of the factors controlling the productivity of maize in England

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting ◽  
G. E. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Other Hand

Between 1942 and 1950, some thirty field experiments have been carried out in the southern half of England to assess the potential value, either for grain or forage production, of seventeen openpollinated flint or dent maizes together with twentynine single or double hybrids of American or Canadian origin.Early-maturing flint varieties will consistently ripen grain, but before mechanical threshing or storage, the cobs require drying. Sibthorp, a mass selection made from an unknown German variety, is the earliest and most productive flint maize so far tested, and in the experiments has yielded as much as 39 cwt. of grain per acre with an average of 24 cwt. The earliest American hybrids, i.e. those with a U.S.A. rating of 80 days from sowing to maturity, give very high yields of grain in favourable seasons. Within the group Wisconsin 240–275, a yield level equal to or exceeding 50 cwt./acre has on occasion been recorded. On the other hand, in the most unfavourable years, such hybrids just failed to produce ripe cobs.Attempts to maintain sixty-five parent inlines of the earliest hybrids have largely failed. However, many of the parent single crosses have matured, and the production on a field scale of the double-cross seed of both Wisconsin 240 and 255 has been carried out.Spacing experiments indicate that for optimum grain production a density of 6 plants/sq.yd. is required for both flint varieties and the earliest hybrids. A spatial arrangement of individual plants is to be preferred to that of groups or hills.American hybrids, in the class of ‘90 days’ to maturity, will in all but the most unfavourable seasons reach the ‘early-dent’ stage of the grain before the incidence of autumn frosts. Yields of dry matter of plants harvested in this phase have ranged from 30 to 85 cwt. of dry matter per acre. In these trials, the plant density was standardized at 4 plants/sq.yd. and higher densities may be demanded for optimal yields.The ratio of the ‘ear’ (that is, the cob, immature grain and enclosing leaf sheaths) to the total shoot weight at harvest varies greatly with the variety or hybrid. With White Horsetooth, the usual variety grown for fodder in England, no cobs are formed before the plants are killed by frost, while with the early hybrids, the ear may be half the weight of the whole shoot.The earliest variety Sibthorp from an early May sowing takes approximately 70–80 days to reach full anthesis, while ‘80-day’ American hybrids are a week later. From sowing to full maturity the period in England is from 140 to 160 days, thus compared to conditions in Minnesota the period is nearly twice as long. Because of the much slower rate of development and because of the humidity of English autumns, it is concluded that until the date of maturity can be advanced some 14 days, grain production on a field scale is not yet feasible. On the other hand, many of the American hybrids are well fitted to the production of silage. The greatest drawback to the introduction of such hybrids is the liability of the seed and seedlings to be attacked by rooks.

A field study of competition and interaction between Lemna minor and Lemna trisulca

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2904-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. McIlraith ◽  
Gordon G. C. Robinson ◽  
Jennifer M. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Vegetative Biomass

Field experiments and survey methods were used to assess competition and interaction between Lemna minor L. and Lemna trisulca L. at Delta Marsh, Manitoba. Sites were dominated by one or the other species or codominated by both. Replacement series experiments predicted codominance of L. minor and L. trisulca in an unshaded eutrophic site but predicted L. minor dominance when run for a longer time. Similar experiments conducted in a shaded eutrophic site predicted L. minor dominance. Addition series experiments showed that intraspecific and interspecific competition occurred in the unshaded site. In a eutrophic unshaded ditch, high densities of L. minor suppressed L. trisulca. In a eutrophic shaded site, high densities of L. minor and green algae inhibited L. trisulca, and in a sunny, less eutrophic site high density of each species inhibited the other. In a transplant experiment, L. minor biomass in shaded enclosures approached that found naturally in two shaded sites. Lemna trisulca persisted when shaded. Vegetative biomass trends in an unshaded eutrophic marsh ditch indicated spring and fall L. trisulca dominance and summer L. minor dominance. Shaded eutrophic sites were dominated by L. minor, whereas a less eutrophic site was dominated by L. trisulca. A model is developed to explain dominance patterns, and seasonal life-history responses are considered. Key words: Lemna, duckweed, competition, interaction, resources, light, nutrients.

Beneficial effect of lithium in female patient with bipolar affective illness and psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Filipiak ◽  
Anna Jaskóła ◽  
Karolina Gattner
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Patient Needs ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
First Time

Objectives. Psoriasis makes a relative contraindication for lithium treatment which can exacerbate its symptoms or induce it itself. On the other hand, lithium exerts immuno-modulatory activity. Case study. In this paper, a case of a female patient is presented. The patient has been treated since 2012 for bipolar affective illness (bipolar disorder – BD) and psori­asis, which occurred for the first time during a depress­ive episode. Despite intensive pharmacological treatment, both as inpatient and outpatient, a satisfactory improvement of affective illness has not been obtained. After the introduction of lithium, a remission of BD was achieved as well as a reduction of psoriatic changes, which have been maintained until now (2021). Conclusion. The remission of Bipolar Disorder (BD) on lithium can suggest that the patient belongs to the group of the so-called excellent lithium responders. In the presen­ted case remission of psoriasis was observed during lithium treatment. This case report must be treated with caution because remission could be spontaneous and the patient needs further observation.

scholarly journals The influence of cetane-detergent additives into diesel fuel increased to 10% (V/V) of RME content on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a diesel engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Winicjusz STANIK ◽  
Jerzy CISEK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

To avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the diesel fuel (to 10%), three different additive packages were used: stabilising, cleaning, and increasing the cetane number with different concentrations. The tests were carried out using a 4-cylinder, turbocharged 1.9 TDI engine from VW. The tests were carried out for 4 fuels (comparative fuel with a content of 7% RME and 3 test fuels with a content of 10% RME, differing in the content of the additive package.It was found that each of the 3 additive packages used does not have a significant impact on fuel consumption. However, a different effect of the tested additives on the composition of exhaust gases was observed. The first package had a slight effect on reducing the NOx concentration in the exhaust, but only for small engine loads. On the other hand, the second additive pack worked more effectively only at higher engine loads (in relation to the reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases). In the third packet, the amount of the cetane additive was doubled (compared to the second packet). Then, the reduction in the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 3–8% was obtained with reference to the comparative fuel.

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