The influence of time of lambing in south-eastern South Australia on the reproductive rate of the Merino ewe and on lamb survival and growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
PE Geytenbeek
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Reproductive Factor ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Difference

Merino flocks lambing in either autumn or winter in south-eastern South Australia showed no consistent differences in reproductive performance over a five-year period. The percentage of ewes that lambed, the level of twin births, and the lamb mortality rates varied in their relative contribution to the final result in any one season. For each reproductive factor measured the difference between the flocks varied from year to year in magnitude and sign. Lambs born in the winter had higher birth weights and better early growth rates, but liveweight during their first summer period was generally less than that of autumn born lambs. Survival rates in both groups were similar.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TWO PLANTING METHODS ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF WHITE SPRUCE (Picea glauca (MOENCH) VOSS) IN EASTERN ONTARIO

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Armson
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Method Of Planting

White spruce trees were planted in the Larose County Forest, Ontario, on a sandy soil which has a permanent water table 6-24 inches below the surface. In one method of planting the trees were placed in the bottom of the furrow, and in a second method they were planted in the upturned furrow slice. Eight years after planting there was found to be no difference in the survival rates of trees planted by either method, but the height of those trees planted in the upturned furrow slice was significantly greater than that of trees planted in the bottom of the furrow. The difference in height appeared to be related to the fact that those trees planted in the furrow bottoms had their roots placed in a zone of the soil which is seasonally saturated with water.

The Status of the School Shark Fishery in South-Eastern Australian Waters

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean

The maximum yield of the school shark fishery in south-eastern Australian waters was 4.09 million lb in 1949. The catch has fluctuated since then about a declining trend to 3.18 million lb in 1956. In 1944, 7.3 hooks were required to catch a shark of mean weight 14.7 lb. In 1956 the number of hooks required was almost doubled: 13.6 hooks were needed to catch sharks of mean weight 13.7 lb; the catch per hook dropped from 2.01 to 0.99 lb. Whereas the catch per boat-month remained relatively stable at 4765 lb for 1944 and 4643 for 1956, the number of hooks used per boat-month increased from 2366 to 4668 hooks in 12 years. Throughout this period the mean weight of sharks in eastern Bass Strait remained fairly steady (11-13 lb) whereas there was a drop of 3 lb from a mean weight of 17-20 lb in the predominantly mature portion of the stock in western Bass Strait. Fishermen in South Australia have reported a comparable drop in the mean weight of sharks in their catches. During the period 1941-46 there was unrestricted inshore fishing of juveniles and pregnant females with a consequent severe drop in the inshore population. The subsequent decline in the annual total catch is believed to be due not only to a too intensive offshore fishery but also to the resultant reduced recruitment and depressed reproductive potential caused by the earlier destruction of juveniles and pregnant females. In the data presented in this paper there is evidence that the school shark fishery, which is operating on a single stock of sharks with a slow growth rate, a late sexual maturity, and a low fecundity, shows trends which are suggestive of depletion. Because similar trends in the soupfin shark fishery of California and in the dogfish fishery of British Columbia were followed by depletion, it has been inferred that regulations to protect the vulnerable phases of the life history of the school shark of Australia may be required. Measures for conservation are discussed.

scholarly journals Surgical Procedures for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Appendix: A Consensus Guideline Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
Paulina Tr. Vladova ◽  
Sergey D. Iliev ◽  
Savelina L. Popovska
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Consensus Guideline ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Proliferation Activity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Well Differentiated

Summary According to the consensus and the recommendations of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS), the frequency of appendicular neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is 0.15-0.6/100 000 a year. They are found a little more often in women aged between 40 and 50. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix are about 30 to 80% of all appendicular tumors. Their evolution is usually asymptomatic. They are diagnosed accidentally during a conventional or laparoscopic appendectomy. In the past, the surgical approach used to depend on the localization of the tumor. Currently, its localization is not a significant factor in the choice of a surgical approach. Our purpose wass to present the consensus guideline and the recommendations of ENETS 2017 for surgical procedures in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix and analyze the difference in the survival rate in different surgical interventions. The literature overview includes studies on surgical treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix and takes into consideration the last consensus guideline of ENETS 2017 on the topic. ENETS recommends a simple appendectomy in well- differentiated appendix tumors smaller than 2 cm, regardless of their localization. Right hemicolectomy is performed for in tumors sized between 1 cm and 2 cm with positive resection lines, with deep mesoappendiceal invasion, high proliferation activity (G2) and vascular invasion. For tumors over larger than 2 cm – right hemicolectomy is recommended. Although current studies have pointed out no significant differences in survival rates between appendectomy for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix and right hemicolectomy, ENETS 2017 suggests that the latest consensus guidelines should be followed.

The production characteristics of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Ozcan ◽  
B. Ekiz ◽  
A. Ceyhan ◽  
A. Altine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Production Characteristics

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the fertility, milk production and body weight of ewes and the survival and growth characteristics of lambs of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds. The Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds are included among the genetic resources in the project for the conservation of the indigenous breeds in Turkey.Conception rates for Imroz and Kivircik ewes were 57.6% and 81.7% respectively, litter sizes were 1.2 and 1.2 respectively, milk yields were 89 kg and 62 kg respectively and average live weights (2–7 years of age) were 43 kg and 55 kg, respectively. Imroz and Kivircik lambs had survival rates at weaning (90th day) of 98% and 96%, birth weights of 3.3 kg and 4.1 kg and weaning weights of 19.8 kg and 28.0 kg, respectively.The results showed that the Kivircik sheep were heavier and the lambs had a better growth rate until weaning than the Imroz breed. However, the milk production of the Imroz ewes was higher than that of Kivircik. The lambs of both breeds had a satisfactory survival and growth rates until weaning and these results might be regarded as a desired adaptation of the Imroz and Kivircik lambs to the environmental conditions of the Marmara Region.

Observations on the sk ulls of fossil and extant echidnas (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae).

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Griffiths ◽  
R.T. Wells ◽  
D.J. Barrie
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North Western ◽  
Tachyglossus Aculeatus

The anatomies of four well-preserved, fossilised tachyglossid skulls from Naracoorte, South Australia are described and compared with that of a fossilised skull from north-western Tasmania, with those of 13 extant Long-beaked Echidnas, Zaglossus bruijnii, from New Guinea, and with those of II Short-beaked Echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus. The difference in structure and proportions of the rostrums, palates and craniums of the fossil forms from those of Z. bruijnii and T. aculeatus are so great that it is concluded that the former should be placed in a new genus; the name Megalibgwilia is proposed. From the conformation of the rostrum and palate it is suggested that the principal prey of Megalibgwilia was large insects such as scarab and moth larvae, not oligochaete worms as is the case with Z. bruijnii.

scholarly journals Turnover of *I-protein C inhibitor and *I-alpha 1-antitrypsin and their complexes with activated protein C

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2290-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Laurell ◽  
J Stenflo ◽  
TH Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Human Protein ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Protein C Inhibitor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Abstract The rates of clearance and catabolism of human protein C inhibitor (PCI) and human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and their complexes with human activated protein C (APC) were studied in the rabbit. The radioiodinated-free inhibitors had biologic half-lives of 23.4 and 62.1 hours, respectively, while the corresponding *I-labeled activated- protein C complexes were cleared with half-lives of 19.6 +/- 3.1 and 72.2 +/- 6.1 minutes. Complex clearances were linked to their catabolism as shown by a correlation between clearance and the appearance of free radioiodine in the plasma. Thus, the difference in the rates of catabolism would result in a fivefold greater amount of alpha 1-AT-APC complex than PCI-APC complex 1 hour after the formation of equal amounts of these in vivo. These results lead to the conclusion that the relative contribution of PCI and alpha 1-AT to the physiologic inhibition of APC cannot be determined only from the rates of the formation of these complexes in vitro, or from measurement of their levels in plasma. The APC-PCI complex is unstable as compared with the APC-alpha 1-AT complex, compounding the problem of estimating rates of complex formation from their levels in plasma.

scholarly journals Mortality After Femoral Neck Fractures: A Two-Year Follow-up

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaunius Kurtinaitis ◽  
Jolanta Dadonienė ◽  
Giedrius Kvederas ◽  
Narūnas Porvaneckas ◽  
Tomas Butėnas
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Background and Objective. To identify the survival and standardized mortality ratio with respect to gender, age, and treatment method of patients treated for femoral neck fractures. Material and Methods. A retrospective review of medical records of 736 patients treated for femoral neck fractures at Vilnius University Emergency Hospital during 2004–2006 was carried out. Results. The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 77.4% and 67.1%, respectively. Lower survival rates were observed in the internal fixation group than in the primary and secondary total hip arthroplasty groups (63.2% vs. 72.0% and 75.1%). Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed patient age to be a significant risk factor for survival (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04– 1.07; P<0.001). The overall standardized mortality ratio was 2.50. The standardized mortality ratios for men and women were 3.07 and 2.27, respectively, but the difference between these groups was not significant. Conclusions. Standardized mortality and survival rates decreased with increasing patients’ age. Significantly lower survival rates were documented in the internal fixation group as compared with primary and secondary total hip arthroplasty groups. There was a trend toward a higher standardized mortality ratio in men than women, but the difference was not significant.

scholarly journals Variation in Drosophila sensory bristle number at ‘Evolution Canyon’

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD F. LYMAN ◽  
EVIATAR NEVO ◽  
TRUDY F. C. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
The North ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Evolution Canyon ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North And South

‘Evolution Canyon’ on Mount Carmel, Israel, displays highly contrasting physical and biotic environments on a micro-geographic scale, and is a natural laboratory for investigating genetic responses to variable and extreme environments across species. Samples of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans were collected from three sites each on the north- and south-facing slopes of the canyon along altitudinal transects, and one site on the valley floor. Numbers of abdominal and sternopleural sensory bristles were recorded for each of these subpopulations in three thermal environments. In D. simulans, sternopleural bristle number exhibited micro-geographic differentiation between the north- and south-facing slopes, while abdominal bristle number was stable across subpopulations. In D. melanogaster, the magnitudes of the difference in mean sternopleural bristle number between the north- and south-facing slopes and of mean abdominal bristle number along the altitudinal gradients were both conditional on rearing temperature. Thus, the pattern of genetic variation between sites was consistent with underlying heterogeneity of genetic mechanisms for response to the same environmental gradients between traits and sibling species. In contrast, the genetic architecture of bristle number at the level of variation within populations was very similar between species for the same bristle trait, although the two traits differed in the relative contribution of genotype by temperature and genotype by sex interaction.

Swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) distribution has dramatically increased following sustained biological control of rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
B. D. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Swamp Wallaby ◽  
Tiny Part

Swamp wallabies have dramatically extended their distribution through western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia over the last 40 years. Newspaper reports from 1875 onwards show that on European settlement, wallaby populations were confined to eastern Victoria, including the ranges around Melbourne, the Otway Ranges and Portland District of south-western Victoria, and a tiny part of south-eastern South Australia. Populations contracted further with intense hunting for the fur trade until the 1930s. In the late 1970s, however, wallabies began spreading into drier habitats than those initially recorded. Possible causes underlying this change in distribution are discussed; some seem unlikely but, because wallabies began spreading soon after the introduction of European rabbit fleas as vectors of myxomatosis, the cumulative effects of releases of biological agents to control rabbits appear important. A caution is given on assuming that thick vegetation in high-rainfall areas provides the only habitat suitable for swamp wallabies, but, most importantly, the study shows how native mammals may benefit if rabbit abundance is reduced.

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