The distribution and host-plants of the species of Quadraspidiotus (Homoptera : Diaspididae) in Australia

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Brookes ◽  
NM Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Made In

Inspections made in the pome fruit orchards of Australia during 1961-66 showed that four species of Quadraspidiotus, viz. Q. perniciosus (Comst.), Q. ostreaeformis (Curt.), Q. pyri (Licht.), and Q. lenticularis (Lind.) occurred on pome fruits and other deciduous plants. Quadraspidzofu.r perniciosus, which is a pest in most of the orchard districts of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia, also occurs in Tasmania, while Q. ostreaeformis occurs in southern Tasmania, Victoria, and South Australia. The other two species (Q. lenticularis and ,Q. pyri) are at present confined to South Australia and Tasmania respectively. The most widely distributed species, Q. perniciosus osw, is also, economically, the mcst important because its presence on fruit may cause it to be rejected by quarantine authorities at certain ports of entry overseas. Though Q. ostreaeformis and Q. pyri are regarded as minor pests in orchards, Q. lenticularis is at present of no economic significance.

The mongoose in Australia: failed introduction of a biological control agent

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Peacock ◽  
Ian Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
Made In

We reviewed historical literature and obtained nearly 200 records of the mongoose in Australia up to 1942. Although the earliest importations (from 1855) were for its snake-killing prowess, often as entertainment, its perceived potential as a control agent for the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) plague saw concerted introductions made in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, primarily in 1883 and 1884. At least 1000 mongoose were released to control rabbits at 14 reported release locations in these states. As many as 700 of these mongoose were reported released in one New South Wales rabbit-control trial. These numbers indicate that insufficient propagule pressure does not explain why Australia escaped the additional devastation of an established mongoose population. The only reason stated for the failure of the mongoose releases to control rabbits is destruction of the mongoose by rabbit trappers, both inadvertently and in seeking to protect their employment. Unfavourable climate was implicated by CLIMATCH modelling in the failure of all releases, especially those into semiarid areas such as western New South Wales. No contemporary detail could be located of the reported 1884 failed introduction of ‘numbers’ of mongoose into North Queensland to control rats in sugarcane plantations.

Isozymes, secondary compounds and experimental cultures of Australian seagrasses in Halophila, Halodule, Zostera, Amphibolis and Posidonia

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
C McMillan ◽  
SC Williams ◽  
L Escobar ◽  
O Zapata
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ecological Implications

Systematic and ecological implications were shown for Australian seagrasses by studies of isozymes, secondary compounds and experimental cultures. In Halophila, small- and large-leaved plants which occur sympatrically from northern Queensland to New South Wales and were referred to H. ovalis (R.Br.) Hook. f. differed in isozymes and secondary compounds and maintained leaf size differences in experimental cultures. The small-leaved plants should be referred to a different species. In Halodule, narrow-leaved plants that were referred to H. uninervis (Forsk.) Aschers. and H.pinifolia (Miki) Den Hartog were examined. In experimental cultures, narrow-leaved plants from Thursday Island produced both tridentate and rounded serrulate leaf tips and differed in isozymes and secondary compounds from wide-leaved plants. The narrow- leaved plants should be referred to H. pinifolia and the wide-leaved plants to H. uninervis. In Zostera, small- and large-leaved forms of Z. capricorni Aschers. which occur sympatrically in Queensland and New South Wales have similar isozymes that differ from those of Z. muelleri Irmisch. ex Aschers. of South Australia. Experimental cultures of Z. capricorni continued to produce 5-nerved leaves and those of Z. muelleri, 3- nerved leaves. In Amphibolis, cultures of A. antarctica (Labill.) Sonder & Aschers. and A. griffithii (J. M. Black) Den Hartog continued to show leaf differences but were similar in secondary compounds and isozymes, differing in only one of eight enzyme systems. In Posidonia, wide-leaved plants of P. australis Hook. f. continued to produce leaves in culture that differed in width from those of P. sinuosa Cambridge & Kuo but were similar in secondary compounds and isozymes, differing only in one of eight enzyme systems. The chemical evaluations and experimental cultures suggested wide differences in Halophila and in Halodule but indicated only narrow differences in the other three genera.

scholarly journals Evidence for palatability variation between the sex phenotypes of bladder saltbush from small-plot grazing trials

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Walsh ◽  
M. H. Andrew ◽  
R. Sinclair ◽  
D. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Grazing Behaviour ◽  
Made In

This paper reports the results of the first intensive grazing trials to study palatability variation between the sex phenotypes of bladder saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria Hew. ex Benth.). The results show that Merino sheep preferentially graze female shrubs over male and bisexual shrubs in South Australia, which supports earlier paddock-scale observations made in New South Wales. Male shrubs with higher densities of flower spikes were consumed less than those with lower densities. However, when male flowers were small and/or sparse, the removal of male flowers by clipping did not significantly increase the consumption of male shrubs. Female shrubs with very low or very high densities of fruit tended to be consumed significantly more than those with moderate fruit densities. Other physical aspects such as plant growth habit and foliage density did not have a consistent influence on grazing behaviour. Chemical differences between the sex phenotypes are implicated. The presence of palatability variation between the sex phenotypes suggests that there is potential to refine the existing use of bladder saltbush as an indicator species in southern Australia.

A new genus, Alainchabaudia (Nematoda: Spirurinae), from coraciform birds in Australia

Parasitology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Mawson
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Australian Museum ◽  
Australian Museum ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The University

A new genus, Alainchabaudia, is proposed, apparently close to Hartertia, but differing in the presence of modifications of the anterior end of the buccal capsule, which is prolonged dorsally and ventrally and ends in four submedian teeth. Two species are included: the type species, C. alcedinis sp.nov., from Halcyon sanctus (Queensland and South Australia) and Dacelo gigas (New South Wales); and A. aegotheles (Johnston & Mawson) syn. Habronema aegotheles J. & M., from Aegotheles cristata (South Australia).The specimens from Queensland were lent by Dr John Pearson of the School of Parasitology of the University of Queensland. The bodies of the other two birds were sent to me for dissection, Dacelo gigas by Mr H. J. de S. Disney, Curator of Birds in the Australian Museum, Sydney, and Halcyon sanctus by Mr H. Condon, Curator of Birds in the South Australian Museum, Adelaide. I am most grateful to these gentlemen for their assistance.

scholarly journals Early Discoveries of the Effects of Ice Action in Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (114) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Maxwell R. Banks ◽  
Eric A. Colhoun ◽  
David Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Late Palaeozoic ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
The One

AbstractThe effects of past glaciation in what is now Australian territory were first recognized on Macquarie Island, probably by David Ramsay, in 1821. The recognition by Darwin in 1836, and reporting by Milligan in 1848 of ice-transported pebbles and boulders in late Palaeozoic marine rocks in Tasmania, showed on the one hand participation in and on the other familiarity with the controversy in Great Britain at that time on the origin of erratics and drift currents. Reports by Clarke (1852), Daintree in 1859, Selwyn (1860), and Gould (1860) of the effects of land ice on Mount Koscuisko (New South Wales), Bacchus Marsh (Victoria), Inman Valley (South Australia), and the Central Highlands (Tasmania), respectively, reflect the increasing recognition in Great Britain of the erosional and depositional effects of glaciers. Daintree, Selwyn, and Gould were all closely connected with A.C. Ramsay, the main British protagonist of the glacial theory at the time, whereas David Ramsay and Milligan were probably influenced by Robert Jameson of Edinburgh.

An insecticide baseline study of Australian broadacre aphids

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Clouston ◽  
Owain Edwards ◽  
Paul Umina
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Field Sensitivity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Two Populations

Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis), Acyrthosiphon kondoi (Shinji), Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) are among the most important aphid pests in Australian broadacre systems. In this study a leaf-dip method was used to assay pirimicarb, dimethoate, α-cypermethrin and imidacloprid against field populations collected from Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland. This research established toxicity baseline data that will be important for future monitoring of insecticide responses in broadacre crops. It also provided an opportunity to identify any chemical tolerance that may be evolving in these pests. Acyrthosiphon craccivora populations showed differences in their responses to dimethoate, pirimicarb and imidacloprid (but not to α-cypermethrin), indicating possible shifts in field sensitivity to these three chemicals. Rhopalosiphum padi had the lowest sensitivity to all insecticides tested, with two populations (collected from South Australia and Queensland) showing less than 100% mortality when tested at the field rate of α-cypermethrin. There were few differences in insecticide responses between populations of the other three species. Continued screening of A. craccivora and R. padi populations is needed to fully assess the current status of tolerance among field populations and to strengthen resistance management tactics.

scholarly journals Early Discoveries of the Effects of Ice Action in Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (114) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell R. Banks ◽  
Eric A. Colhoun ◽  
David Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Late Palaeozoic ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
The One

Abstract The effects of past glaciation in what is now Australian territory were first recognized on Macquarie Island, probably by David Ramsay, in 1821. The recognition by Darwin in 1836, and reporting by Milligan in 1848 of ice-transported pebbles and boulders in late Palaeozoic marine rocks in Tasmania, showed on the one hand participation in and on the other familiarity with the controversy in Great Britain at that time on the origin of erratics and drift currents. Reports by Clarke (1852), Daintree in 1859, Selwyn (1860), and Gould (1860) of the effects of land ice on Mount Koscuisko (New South Wales), Bacchus Marsh (Victoria), Inman Valley (South Australia), and the Central Highlands (Tasmania), respectively, reflect the increasing recognition in Great Britain of the erosional and depositional effects of glaciers. Daintree, Selwyn, and Gould were all closely connected with A.C. Ramsay, the main British protagonist of the glacial theory at the time, whereas David Ramsay and Milligan were probably influenced by Robert Jameson of Edinburgh.

In A Fix: Fixed-Term Parliaments in the Australian States

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-298
Author(s):  
Peter Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
South Wales

Constitutional systems of Westminster heritage are increasingly moving towards fixed-term parliaments to, amongst other things, prevent the Premier or Prime Minister opportunistically calling a ‘snap election’. Amongst the Australian states, qualified fixed-term parliaments currently exist in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia have also deliberated over whether to establish similar fixed-term parliaments. However, manner and form provisions in those states' constitutions entrench the Parliament's duration, Governor's Office and dissolution power. In Western Australia and Queensland, unlike Tasmania, such provisions are doubly entrenched. This article considers whether these entrenching provisions present legal obstacles to constitutional amendments establishing fixed-term parliaments in those two states. This involves examining whether laws fixing parliamentary terms fall within section 6 of the Australia Acts 1986 (Cth) & (UK). The article concludes by examining recent amendments to the Electoral Act 1907 (WA) designed to enable fixed election dates in Western Australia without requiring a successful referendum.

The Relation Between the Food of the Australian Barracouta, Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen), and Recent Fluctuations in the Fisheries

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
South Wales

The diet of surface-swimming Australian barracouta was studied from over 10,000 stomachs. The principal prey organisms in Bass Strait are the euphausiid Nyctiphanes australis Sars, the anchovy Engraulis australis (White), and young barracouta, in that order; and in eastern Tasmania Nyctiphanes, Engraulis, and the sprat Clupea bassensis McCulloch, in that order. The pilchard Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner) is not an important item of the diet in these regions although it is so in New South Wales, South Australia, and Western Australia. The jack mackerel Trachurus declivis Jenyns is a significant item in eastern Tasmania and New South Wales but not in Bass Strait. These and other features of the fish diet of the barracouta reflect actual availability of the various small fish species in the waters. Barracouta eat Nyctiphanes by herding them into dense masses (or finding them already concentrated) and swallowing them. The movements of the anchovy make it unavailable to Bass Strait and eastern Tasmanian barracouta for much of the summer and autumn period, when the barracouta are thus dependent upon Nyctiphanes for the bulk of their food. A close positive relationship between the availability of barracouta and Nyctiphanes might therefore be expected at those seasons. There is evidence of such a relationship between mean availability (catch per boat-month) of barracouta and mean percentage of barracouta stomachs containing Nyctiphanes, at those seasons, from year to year. For southern Victorian coastal waters both show a downward trend from 1948-49 to 1950-51 and then an upward trend to 1953-54; for eastern Tasmania both show a downward trend (for autumn only) from 1949-50 through 1952-53. The records of catch per boat-month furnish independent evidence that the main variations in this index were effects of availability (population distribution or behaviour) rather than abundance (population size), at least for southern Victoria. It is therefore considered that when scarcity of barracouta occurs in summer and autumn in the coastal fishing areas it may be due to scarcity of Nyctiphanes, forcing the fish to go offshore for this food which is known to be available there. This would take the fish out of range of the fishermen.

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