The growth of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) in annual pasture. 2. Growth comparisons with Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Forage Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass

Experiments to compare the growth of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) and Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) were carried out in small plots and boxes at Dookie College in northern Victoria, and near Melbourne. These covered a range of density, defoliation, and temperature and soil fertility conditions. At equal densities barley grass generally out-yielded rye grass over the first 50 days of growth. Frost was the only factor reducing this superiority, but high levels of nitrogen in the foliage greatly reduced frost damage. Barley grass also recovered more rapidly from defoliation. The results suggest that in frosty areas soil nitrogen levels will greatly influence the herbage production and dominance of barley grass ; in areas with milder winters, growth will be more consistent and the grass will be a more reliable forage plant.

The growth of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) in annual pasture. 4. The effect of some management practices on barley grass content

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass

The effects of three grazing treatments and three mowing treatments on the dominance of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) in an annual pasture were examined. Different spring grazing patterns did not markedly alter the amount of seed. Mowing favoured the legume component; topping less so than cutting lower as for hay or silage. However, none of these practices totally prevented barley grass from setting seed, and their effects were partly offset by late irrigation. Oversowing with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) did reduce barley grass seed setting but alone u-as not effective in changing botanical composition. Compared with Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), barley grass showed greater persistence.

The influence of density and nitrogen on the outcome of competition between two annual pasture grasses (Hordeum leporinum Link and Lolium rigidum Gaud.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Original Hypothesis ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The hypothesis that the outcome of competition between Hordeum leporinum Link and Lolium rigidum Gaud. depended predominantly on the density of Hordeum was tested in two experiments. In the first experiment it was postulated that increasing the density of Hordeum increased its competitive ability; in the second experiment the interaction between soil nitrogen and density was studied. Under the conditions of the first experiment the hypothesis was shown to be true. The competitive ability of Hordeum was closely related to its density, and neither the density of Lolium nor the total density had a significant effect. Hordeum was most competitive when its density was highest. The second experiment showed that soil nitrogen was an important modifying factor. At low nitrogen Hordeum was the successful competitor, but its competitive ability decreased with increase in its density. At high nitrogen Lolium became the successful competitor, although the effect of Hordeum density was similar to that in experiment 1. At the lower levels of nitrogen the density of Lolium also affected the outcome of competition, but its effect was never as great as that of the density of Hordeum. The results are explained in terms of the original hypothesis and of the different abilities of the two species to absorb soil nitrogen.

The growth of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) in annual pasture. 1. Germination and establishment in comparison with other annual pasture species

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Compact Surfaces

Several experiments were carried out to examine aspects of the germination and establishment of seeds of barley grass (Hordeum leprinum), and several of its companions in annual pastures. These indicated that freshly-matured seed of barley grass had considerable dormancy the first summer. While day temperatures remained high it did not germinate readily, but had no marked advantage over its companions. Compared with Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), the seeds and seedlings were much larger and it geminated and established mere successfully cr. compact surfaces. Plants arising from surface-sown seeds were compared with those from buried seeds : with barley grass they were much larger, but with Wimmera ryegrass they were not.

INORGANIC NITROGEN LEVELS AND NITRIFICATION POTENTIAL IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY SOILS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD J. EATON ◽  
DAVID G. PATRIQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Soil ammonium and nitrate in the top 15 cm of soil were monitored after application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate to plots at 14 PF (previously fertilized) and 12 NF (never fertilized) lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) stands representing a range of soil types and management histories. Overall, nitrate values in unfertilized and ammonium sulfate plots were higher at PF than at NF sites, suggesting greater nitrification at PF sites. In laboratory incubation studies, nitrification proceeded immediately in soil from a PF site, but only after a 4-wk lag in that from an adjacent NF site. Nitrification rates were low compared to that in a garden soil (pH 6.6). N-Serve inhibited nitrification in both soils. In ammonium nitrate plots, "excess" N values (N values in fertilized plots minus values in unfertilized plots) were higher for PF than for NF sites, suggesting greater immobilization, plant uptake or loss of N at NF sites. There was no evidence, in laboratory studies, of immobilization of added N by soil from either type of site. Rhizome N concentration increased significantly in response to fertilization at an NF site, but not at a PF site. Key words: Blueberry (lowbush), fertilizer and soil nitrogen

scholarly journals Effect of Water Salinity on Seeds Germination of Sterile Oat (Avena sterilis) and Rigid Rye Grass (Lolium rigidum) at Constant or Alternating Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Khalid S. Alshallash Khalid S. Alshallash
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Sterile oat (Avena sterilis) and rigid rye grass (Lolium rigidum) are well known grasses in many parts of the world. They grow in grasslands and arable lands. Both are recorded as serious weeds of arable lands in many countries worldwide. Seeds germination of both species were tested at four levels of water salinity concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500 mM/L of NaCl) and five different temperatures (Constant at 8 C ° or alternating temperatures of; 8/16, 10/18, 6/14, 10/20 C?). Photoperiods regime of 8 hours darkness and 16 hours of light at the constant temperature was implemented. The same was followed with the alternating temperatures with 8 hours darkness at the lower temperature and 16 hours light with the higher temperature. A. sterilis seeds showed better germination with high significance of (? 00.1) than L. rigidum seeds at all tested treatments. The mean number of germinated seeds of A. sterilis was (6) out of (20) seeds /petri dish whereas, it was nearly (3) geminated seeds with L. rigidum. Both species secured the highest germination percentage at level of alternating temperatures of (10/20 C °) with 40% (mean number of germinated seeds was 8 out of 20 seeds / petri dish) for A. sterilis and 25% (5 out of 20 seeds / petri dish) for L. rigidum. Although A. sterilis seeds showed some germination (25%) at constant temperatures of (8 C°), L. rigidum seeds were less in favorite of this climatic condition expressing its response to alternating temperatures. Generally, A. sterilis seeds showed better germination responses than L. rigidum seeds at all different level of tested temperatures. Moreover, A. sterilis seeds resist water salinity as high as 100 mM of NaCl/L and showed almost 50 % germination especially at its favorite alternating temperature of (10/20 C °). L. rigidum seeds also showed some resistance to 100 mM/L of NaCl giving about 35 % germination. However, both species gave poor germination at higher levels of water salinity of 300 and 500 mM of NaCl/L concentrations. Results confirmed that both species seeds germination are in favorite of moderate alternating temperatures condition expressing some resistance to water salinity. This explains both species invasion and persistence in arable lands being reported a serious weedy plant species especially in a Mediterranean climate and subtropical conditions. In addition those results showed some of the two species seed biological aspects, which could contribute to a better control practice of the two species in arable lands.

Growth and ignitability of annual pastures in a Mediterranean environment. 2. Ignitability of swards of various annual species

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Parrott ◽  
CM Donald
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Desiccation Process ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Pasture Plants

A study was conducted at Adelaide of the ignitability of monospecific swards of four Mediterranean annual pasture plants under windless conditions throughout the normal field desiccation of the swards in the spring. For any individual species the ignitability depended almost wholly on the percentage of water or the very closely correlated percentage of dead herbage. Atmospheric conditions had no measurable influence on ignitability during desiccation. Trifolium subterraneum was much less ignitable at any particular level of moisture content than were the grasses. Lolium rigidum was more inflammable early in the desiccation process than was Hordeum leporinum of equal water content, presumably due to the greater continuity of dry leaf; but H. leporinum was ignitable much earlier in the spring because it matured and dried sooner than did L. rigidum. In the case of the grasses, only those firebrands that fell to or near the soil surface started a fire, whereas the more compact sward of T. subterraneum, when sufficiently dry, lit readily at the upper surface.

The growth of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) in annual pasture. 3. Some factors affecting balance with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum

Mixed swards of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) of two densities were grown at two levels of nitrogen. Growth was started at two different times mid- April and mid-May-and at each time half the plots were subjected to moisture stress. The swards were harvested after nine weeks of growth. The survival of clover plants was reduced by an early start, moisture stress and nitrogen addition : much more so than barley grass. The root : shoot ratios of both species were calculated ; both showed some sensitivity to the time of break and moisture stress, and the grass was also affected by the other two factors. Total sward production and the ratios of clover to grass varied widely Grass daminance was favoured by moisture stress or a late break, and both of these factors tended to override the effect of higher soil nitrogen in determining clover-grass balance. Total sward production more dependent on density than any other factor, especially with the later start. Higher nitrogen was effective in boosting production only if the break was early and there was no moisture stress.

The effect of vernalization on the heading of Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and on five cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Artificial Seed ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Cold Requirement

The responses of annual and perennial ryegrass to 0, 6, and 12 weeks artificial seed vernalization were determined by recording the percentages of plants heading and the leaf numbers at heading for populations of 40 plants grown in a glasshouse under continuous light. All plants of the annual L. rigidum headed without vernalization but the vernalized plants headed at a much lower leaf number than did the unvernalized controls. At least six weeks of cold treatment were needed for complete induction of the five cultivars of L. perenne examined. The vernalization responses of cultivars of Mediterranean origin were similar to those of the Australian Colac. It was shown that late heading in L. perenne is not always associated with a large cold requirement and it is suggested that photoperiod may be an important factor controlling heading of ryegrass in southern Australia.

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