Comparison of the efficiencies of several nitrogen fertilizers applied to pasture in autumn and winter

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Made In

A comparison was made of the responses to, and nitrogen recoveries from, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, and urea when broadcast on a ryegrass sward in a favourable growing season. A second comparison was made, in a drier season on the same sward, between ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, urea, calcium ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate. In both comparisons urea was an inefficient source of nitrogen, but its efficiency depended on the time of application. Differences in the rainfall shortly after application probably caused this variation in efficiency, by affecting the amounts of ammonia lost to the atmosphere. With sources other than urea, variation in the length of time during which the fertilizer remained at the soil surface, awaiting effective rainfall and plant uptake, had little effect on the final recovery of nitrogen. Ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate showed similar efficiencies during the relatively dry season in which they were compared. Sodium nitrate was the most efficient source in both seasons.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Soil Nitrogen Balance of Different N Fertilizers for Top Dressing Rye as Energy Crop for Electricity Generation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Carlos Martín Sastre ◽  
Ruth Barro ◽  
Yolanda González-Arechavala ◽  
Ana Santos-Montes ◽  
Pilar Ciria
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Ghg Savings

Nitrogen fertilizers have been identified in energy crops LCAs as the main contributors to global warming, as well as to many other environmental impacts. The distinct production process and application emissions of nitrogen fertilizer types for top dressing produce different GHG savings when energy crops value chains are compared to fossil energy alternatives. In this study, three types of fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate) at N top dressing rates of 80 kg N/ha are used to grow rye for electricity generation under the conditions of the Continental Mediterranean climate of central-northern Spain. Complete LCAs for the whole value chain based on real data were performed in conjunction with soil nitrogen balances (SNBs) to assess the accomplishment of European Union (EU) GHG savings sustainability criteria, as well as the sustainability of fertilization practices for soil nitrogen stocks. The results obtained can provide interesting insights for policy making, since calcium ammonium nitrate, the most common fertilizer for rye crops, led to 66% GHG savings, as opposed to the 69% achieved when applying urea and 77% when ammonium sulphate was used. Nevertheless, the three fertilizers produced annual soil deficits greater than 50 kg N/ha. In order to ensure savings above 80%, as required by the EU sustainability criteria, and sustainable SNBs, additional optimization measures should be taken at key points of the value chain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nitrate fertilisers as nitrogen sources for spring pasture

1997 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
M.D. Craighead ◽  
J.A. Hayward ◽  
A.M. Howie
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Since 1994 Ravensdown have carried out a series of pastoral trials in South Canterbury, aimed at looking at the relative effectiveness of different forms of nitrogen in the spring. These trials showed that in general those N products containing some nitrate-N (i.e., calcium ammonium nitrate - CAN, and ammonium sulphate nitrate - ASN) could be more effective than urea and ammonium sulphate when soil temperatures were low. However, responses were inconsistent because of spring climatic conditions. In 1994 and 1996 CAN produced the most dry matter but in 1995, responses to the form of N were less clear. Responses to nitrate-N were generally best when spring soil temperatures were 3-5°C at the time of application. The magnitude of N responses varied with the rate applied, and the type of pasture to which N was applied. Responses generally lasted the equivalent of two to three grazings. Keywords: ammonium-N, ammonium sulphate, ammonium sulphate nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitrate fertilisers, nitrate-N, urea

Effect of successive cropping with nitrogenous fertilizers on wheat yields

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
WJ Toms
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Yield Decline

Wheat was grown for twelve successive years at three sites with five rates of nitrogen either as calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate or urea applied each year to the same plots. There was a long term yield decline, with and without nitrogen, on the site at Wongan Hills, but not at Merredin or Beverley. At each of the three sites there was no indication of a need for higher rates of nitrogen fertilizers with time to maintain yields. At Wongan Hills and Merredin, yields were depressed in most years when the highest rate of ammonium sulphate was used each year. Grain protein contents were low and did not decrease with time.

scholarly journals Nitrate, ammonium and urea nitrogen as fertilizers for wheat and rye in a field experiment

1978 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-360
Author(s):  
Antti Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Yield Level

In a five-year field experiment on a well-limed sandy soil five nitrogen fertilizers were compared. They were urea, ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate and a mixture of ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate. The crops in successive years were spring wheat, winter rye, winter wheat, spring wheat and winter rye. The average yield level was not different because of different fertilizers, but in individual years some differences were found. Average contents of nitrogen and calcium in grain and straw, however, showed a slight superiority of calcium nitrate to ammonium sulphate. Other fertilizers did not deviate significantly from either of these. Placement vs. broadcasting, application time and rate of fertilizer nitrogen were also investigated. These factors did not affect the differences between fertilizers. The soil-acidifying effect of the fertilizers decreased in the order: ammonium sulphate, urea, mixture of AS and CN, calcium ammonium nitrate. Calcium nitrate had no effect on soil acidity.

Comparison of the effects of spring applications of ammonium chloride and other nitrogen fertilizers on take-all in winter wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Gutteridge ◽  
G. L. Bateman ◽  
D. Hornby
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
Take All

SummaryField experiments made in 1984 and 1985 compared the effects of ammonium chloride with those of other nitrogen fertilizers applied to winter wheat in spring. The dressing was divided, 40 kg N/ha in March and 160 kg N/ha in April. In both years take-all in July was at levels which usually decrease yield, and take-all ratings were greatest in plots treated with ‘Nitro-Chalk’ (calcium ammonium nitrate) and least in plots treated with ammonium sulphate, but the differences were not statistically significant. Ammonium chloride and the other treatments, urea and ‘Nitro-Chalk’ with potassium chloride, had intermediate effects and the ranking of treatments according to disease was consistent in both years. In 1984 the mean yield was 8·27 t/ha, range 7·92 t/ha (with ammonium chloride) to 859 t/ha (with ‘Nitro-Chalk’) and in 1985, 821 t/ha, range 7·;42 t/ha (with ‘Nitro-Chalk’) to 8·55 t/ha (with ammonium sulphate). In both years treatments had no significant effects on yields and the relationship between yield and disease was obscured in 1985 because of highly correlated disease and block effects.Whereas applying spring nitrogen all in the ammonium form seemed to decrease take-all slightly, the effects on yields of winter wheat were inconsistent. There is no evidence of extra benefit to be gained from applying the ammonium as ammonium chloride to crops at risk from take-all in this country, but there may be some benefit in applying KCl with ‘Nitro-Chalk’ top-dressings in the spring.

Efficiency of utilization of nitrogen fertilizers on representative soils from southern New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (83) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Osborne ◽  
RR Storrier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Uptake

The effects were examined in a glasshouse study of three forms of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate) on the yield, and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in six representative farming soils from the southern slopes and plains of New South Wales. The results indicated an average recovery of 82 per cent of applied nitrogen across the three forms of fertilizer and the six soils. Ammonium sulphate led to decreases in soil reaction of the order of 0.8-1.5 pH units and lower recoveries; sodium nitrate increased pH. Ammonium sulphate as a source of nitrogen is considered undesirable as it gave lower dry matter yields and nitrogen recovery values compared with the other fertilizer forms. In addition, because of its effect on soil reaction, it could lead to the loss of nutrients by leaching or fixation processes.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble carbohydrate contents of grass

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N

Italian rye-grass given ammonium sulphate or sodium nitrate at 56 or 112 lb. N/acre was analysed for total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen (non-protein-nitrogen) and soluble carbohydrates.Ten days after applying fertilizer the differences in total-N between the grass receiving 56 and grass receiving 112 lb. N/acre were very small. Total-N in grass decreased with growth, but the effect of the rate of nitrogen on total-N increased. At first the grass given sodium nitrate contained more soluble nitrogen than grass given ammonium sulphate, the difference being greater at 56 lb. N/acre; soluble nitrogen decreased with increasing growth. Ten days after applying fertilizer, the nitrate-N content of grass was very high (ranging from 0·1 to 0·9% in the D.M.) and it gradually decreased. At both levels of nitrogen application, grass given sodium nitrate contained much more nitrate-N than grass given ammonium sulphate. Forty days after applying nitrogen the nitrate-N contents of grass which received 56 and 112 1b. N/acre as ammonium sulphate were 0·039 and 0·222% of the dry matter, respectively; the grass supplied with sodium nitrate gave values of 0·082 and 0·438%.Total soluble carbohydrates in the grass were small early in growth and gradually increased. Nitrogen dressings had little effect on the content of soluble sugars (glucose + fructose + sucrose) but greatly decreased the fructosan. The pattern of changes in the total soluble carbohydrate content followed that in fructosan content. Early in growth, the total soluble carbohydrate/crude protein ratio was very small in grass from all treatments except the ‘control’. This ratio increased with growth and at the last sampling was 2·13 in grass receiving no nitrogen, and in grass supplied with 56 and 112 lb. N/acre as ammonium sulphate it was 1·44 and 0·72 respectively; the corresponding figures for grass receiving sodium nitrate were 1·13 and 0·66. The total soluble carbohydrate carbon/soluble nitrogen ratio in grass with no nitrogen was 18 at the first sampling and it increased gradually, reaching 70 at the last sampling. This ratio was considerably less with all nitrogen treatments than with ‘control’. The values obtained with 112 lb. N/acre were less than those obtained with 561b./acre, irrespective of the form of nitrogen used.The relationship between the soluble carbohydrate carbon content and the soluble nitrogen in grass is illustrated graphically and discussed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4 Dimethylpyrazol Succinic Acid (DMPSA) when Combined with Calcium Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium Sulphate—A Soil Incubation Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Niharika Rahman ◽  
Catarina Henke ◽  
Patrick J. Forrestal
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Loam Soil

The efficacy of the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4 dimethylpyrazol succinic acid (DMPSA) was tested with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and ammonium sulphate (AS) fertilisers in an incubation experiment using a sandy loam soil and a sandy textured soil. The experiment was conducted over 80 days. For AS fertiliser, inclusion of DMPSA resulted in significantly less NO3−-N present after 19 days in both soils. In the case of CAN, inclusion of DMPSA resulted in significantly less NO3−-N present after 45 days in the sandy loam soil and after 30 days in the sandy soil. DMPSA is effective nitrification inhibitor when combined with CAN and AS, with a mean reduction of 61% and 58%, respectively, in the average daily nitrification rate over the study period. Over the 80-day incubation period in the sandy loam soil, only 35% NH4+-N was converted to NO3−-N for AS + DMPSA compared to 88% for AS. In the sandy soil, 92% NH4+-N was converted to NO3−-N for AS compared with only 9% for AS + DMPSA by day 80. The results demonstrate that DMPSA is an effective nitrification inhibitor when combined with CAN and AS.

scholarly journals Short Communication Physiological Efficiency and N Recovery of Wheat Influenced by Different N Sources Under Naturally Salt-Affected Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Riaz Chatha ◽  
Muhammad Suhaib
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Salt Affected Soil ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Physiological Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference

A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of different N fertilizer sources (urea, nitrophos, ammonium sulphate and calcium ammonium nitrate) on the productivity of wheat (var. Inqlab) in naturally salt-affected soil (pH = 8.79; ECe = 6.46; Sandy loam). A significant difference was observed in wheat grain and straw yield with the application of different N sources. Maximum wheat grain and straw yields (3203 and 3489 kg/ha, respectively) were recorded when ammonium sulphate was applied. Various N sources followed the order: Ammonium sulphate > urea > calcium ammonium nitrate and/or nitrophos. Comparatively higher N uptake by wheat (117.26 and 114.00 kg/ha) was observed with Ammonium sulphate and urea application, respectively. Similarly, maximum N recovery was observed with both these N sources followed by nitrophos, and calcium ammonium nitrate. However, the highest physiological efficiency (14.29 kg/kg fertilizer applied) was noted with the application of ammonium sulphate.  

Field experiments comparing ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea combine-drilled with spring barley

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Devine ◽  
M. R. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Yields

1. Twenty-one experiments were carried out in various parts of England and Scotland in 1959–61 comparing two or more of the nitrogen sources ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea, combine-drilled in compound fertilizers for spring barley.2. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate combine-drilled at rates from 35 to 105 lb./acre of nitrogen checked early growth slightly in some of the experiments, with no important difference between the two sources, which also gave similar grain yields.3. Calcium nitrate and urea combine-drilled at 45 lb./acre of nitrogen had no large effect on early growth, while at 70 and 90 lb./acre both fertilizers seriously delayed brairding and reduced the plant population in many of the experiments, especially in eastern England. They gave lower yields than ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate in many of the experiments in which early growth was affected, and gave lower mean yields at all rates of application.4. In eleven of the experiments, broadcast applications of two or more of the four nitrogen fertilizers were compared. All sources gave similar mean yields.5. There was a slightly smaller yield from combine drilling than from broadcasting ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, and a markedly smaller yield from calcium nitrate and urea.

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