Experiments on the control of cereal smuts with a derivative of 1,4-oxathiin

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Cereal Seed

The new cereal seed dressing Vitavax, a systemic fungicidal dust based on 2,3-dihydro- 5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin, controlled seed-borne common bunt of wheat, seed- and soil-borne flag smut of wheat, and covered smut of oats in glasshouse experiments. Its chemotherapeutic efficacy was demonstrated on wheat bunt using post-infection soil drenches. Vitavax was ineffective on loose smut of wheat and barley under semi-artificial conditions. Vitavax was toxic to wheat seedlings only when applied in a soil drench (0.02 per cent active ingredient) shortly after transplanting, but the surviving, severely injured plants recovered quickly indicating rapid elimination of the phytotoxicant. In in vitro germination tests on wheat Vitavax was safer than the standard fungicide Ceresan.

Field evaluation of a derivative of 1,4-oxathiin for control of cereal smuts

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
The Third ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Cereal Seed ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Commercial Field

In semi-commercial field trials, the systemic cereal seed fungicide Vitavax (2,3-dihydro-5- carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin) gave excellent control of natural loose smut infections of wheat and barley; combining it with phenylmercuric acetate reduced its efficacy on loose smut of wheat. In an irrigated row-plot trial, using wheat artificially inoculated with loose smut, Vitavax at the recommended rate was only moderately effective ; at half rate disease control was unsatisfactory. Vitavax was tested on three collections of common bunt of wheat. On all three it was better than Ceresan. It was inferior to hexachlorobenzene on two collections, but on the third, resistant to hexachlorobenzene, it was much superior. Vitavax gave excellent control of covered smut of oats whereas Panogen and Ceresan were much less effective.

In vitro germination protocol for the propagation of the endangered butternut tree (Juglans cinerea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Williams ◽  
Kathleen Forbes ◽  
Charlene Williams ◽  
Tannis Beardmore
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Juglans Cinerea

scholarly journals Identification of Putative Virulence Genes by DNA Methylation Studies in the Cereal Pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Francesco Tini ◽  
Giovanni Beccari ◽  
Gianpiero Marconi ◽  
Andrea Porceddu ◽  
Micheal Sulyok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conidia Production ◽  
Natural Hosts

DNA methylation mediates organisms’ adaptations to environmental changes in a wide range of species. We investigated if a such a strategy is also adopted by Fusarium graminearum in regulating virulence toward its natural hosts. A virulent strain of this fungus was consecutively sub-cultured for 50 times (once a week) on potato dextrose agar. To assess the effect of subculturing on virulence, wheat seedlings and heads (cv. A416) were inoculated with subcultures (SC) 1, 23, and 50. SC50 was also used to re-infect (three times) wheat heads (SC50×3) to restore virulence. In vitro conidia production, colonies growth and secondary metabolites production were also determined for SC1, SC23, SC50, and SC50×3. Seedling stem base and head assays revealed a virulence decline of all subcultures, whereas virulence was restored in SC50×3. The same trend was observed in conidia production. The DNA isolated from SC50 and SC50×3 was subject to a methylation content-sensitive enzyme and double-digest, restriction-site-associated DNA technique (ddRAD-MCSeEd). DNA methylation analysis indicated 1024 genes, whose methylation levels changed in response to the inoculation on a healthy host after subculturing. Several of these genes are already known to be involved in virulence by functional analysis. These results demonstrate that the physiological shifts following sub-culturing have an impact on genomic DNA methylation levels and suggest that the ddRAD-MCSeEd approach can be an important tool for detecting genes potentially related to fungal virulence.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings via Multifunctional Bacillus aryabhattai PM34: An In-Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8030
Author(s):  
Shehzad Mehmood ◽  
Amir Abdullah Khan ◽  
Fuchen Shi ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Tariq Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Bacillus Aryabhattai

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play a substantial role in plant growth and development under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, understanding about the functional role of rhizobacterial strains for wheat growth under salt stress remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 inhabiting ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharide producing ability to ameliorate salinity stress in wheat seedlings under in vitro conditions. The strain PM34 was isolated from the potato rhizosphere and screened for different PGP traits comprising nitrogen fixation, potassium, zinc solubilization, indole acetic acid, siderophore, and ammonia production, along with various extracellular enzyme activities. The strain PM34 showed significant tolerance towards both abiotic stresses including salt stress (NaCl 2 M), heavy metal (nickel, 100 ppm, and cadmium, 300 ppm), heat stress (60 °C), and biotic stress through mycelial inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani (43%) and Fusarium solani (41%). The PCR detection of ituC, nifH, and acds genes coding for iturin, nitrogenase, and ACC deaminase enzyme indicated the potential of strain PM34 for plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. In the in vitro experiment, NaCl (2 M) decreased the wheat growth while the inoculation of strain PM34 enhanced the germination% (48%), root length (76%), shoot length (75%), fresh biomass (79%), and dry biomass (87%) over to un-inoculated control under 2M NaCl level. The results of experiments depicted the ability of antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 to augment salt stress tolerance when inoculated to wheat plants under saline environment.

scholarly journals Low temperature storage and in vitro germination of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) pollen

2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lora ◽  
M.A. Pérez de Oteyza ◽  
P. Fuentetaja ◽  
J.I. Hormaza
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Annona Cherimola ◽  
Temperature Storage

In vitro germination and transient GFP expression of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) pollen

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo D. Fernando ◽  
Javonna L. Richards ◽  
Julie R. Kikkert
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Gfp Expression

Control of browning during seed germination of Meizotropis pellita: a rare and an endangered plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Renu Chandola ◽  
Anshulika Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Browning Reaction ◽  
Threatened Plant Species

Meizotropis pellita is a rare, endangered and threatened plant species found in Patwadanger forest. In nature this species grows from rootstock in precise and sensitive habitats. However, phenolic compounds provoke browning reaction which is responsible for lethal browning in plant tissue culture and hindering in vitro germination. The aim of this study was to minimize the effect of phenolic compound during seed germination. We evaluate different antibrowning treatments in Meizotropis pellita seeds. The seeds were pretreated in Polyvinylpyrrolidone and then treated seeds were cultured on MS media and sterilized seeds were directly inoculated on PVP containing MS media. These culture media incubate under dark and light conditions at different durations respectively. Our results showed that addition of antibrowning agent, PVP inhibit onset of browning. Dark and light condition also played a crucial role on onset of browning. Delayed and low intensity of browning were observed in case of seeds that were inoculated on MS media containing PVP and were kept in dark. The present research offers a positive in vitro seed germination protocol for Meizotropis pellita conservation.

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