The effects of some grazed tropical grass-legume mixtures and nitrogen fertilized grass on total soil nitrogen, organic carbon, and subsequent yields of Sorghum vulgaris

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

Mixtures of some tropical legumes and Paspalum plicatulum (Michx) cv. Hartley, and stands of P. plicatulum were fertilized with urea at 100 and 200 lb nitrogen an acre a year, and were intermittently grazed by cattle over a period of four years. Soil analyses for organic carbon and for total soil nitrogen in the fourth year of the pasture phase revealed large treatment effects in three of the five replicates. These three replicates which were on a podsolic soil were lower in fertility than the remaining two on a latosolic soil. Soil nitrogen at the 0-3 inch depth in the high nitrogen treatment, and in two Phaseolus atropurpureus D.C. treatments was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05). Organic carbon at the 0-3 inch depth was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05) in the nitrogen treatments and in one of the P. atropurpureus treatments. For both soil nitrogen and organic carbon the Lotononis bainesii Bak. treatment did not differ from the control. There was no significant difference between treatments for soil nitrogen or organic carbon at the 3-6 inch depth though trends were similar to those at 0-3 inches. Organic carbon and nitrogen were closely correlated for all treatments at both depths, and there were no significant differences in the C : N ratio in any treatment. Yields of sorghum grown as a test crop after the pastures were significantly correlated with soil nitrogen values in the three low fertility replicates. A high correlation (r = +0.976) also existed between yields of nitrogen obtained in the pasture phase and test crop yields of nitrogen for all treatments except L. bainesii. Reasons for the apparent lack of improvement in soil nitrogen and carbon on the higher fertility replicates and for the poor test crop yields following L. bainesii are discussed.

Changes in nitrogen and organic carbon of wheat growing soils after various periods of grazed lucerne, extended fallowing and continuous wheat

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
New South ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

Changes in total and mineral nitrogen and organic carbon were measured over a nine year period in two contrasting soils of northern New South Wales after various durations of grazed lucerne, extended fallowing and continuous wheat growing. At least 2 1/2 years of lucerne ley were required to raise the total soil nitrogen above the original level on both soil types. For each year of lucerne growth the average increase (above the control treatments) in total soil nitrogen (0-15 cm) was equivalent to about 140 kg nitrogen ha-1 in the black earth and about 110 kg nitrogen ha-1 in the red-brown earth. Significantly higher levels of soil nitrogen were maintained after the lucerne treatments throughout the 9 years of measurement on the black earth and for 5 years on the red-brown earth. Lucerne had a much larger effect on nitrogen than on organic carbon, which was significantly increased only in the black earth. There were very large increases in mineral nitrogen (0-15 cm) in the first year of measurement after lucerne. Levels remained greater than they were originally for the first 4 years, and they were greater for 7 years in the black earth and 4 years in the red-brown earth following lucerne than following continuous wheat or extended fallow. The decline in mineral nitrogen during wheat cropping after lucerne was greatly increased by excessive rainfall (574 mm or more) during the fallow. Leaching was greater in the red-brown earth than in the black earth, and this explained occasional differences in nitrogen uptake by wheat between the two soil types. Some evidence suggested that under moderately moist conditions nitrogen mineralization from lucerne-fixed nitrogen was greater in the red-brown earth than in the black earth but under drier conditions it was less.

Correction - Soil nitrogen status and pasture productivity after clearing of brigalow (Acacia harpophylla)

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
TWG Graham ◽  
AA Webb ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Pasture Productivity

At 31 sites of solodized solonetz and solodic soil in central Queensland, the total soil nitrogen (N) and organic carbon (OC) levels of pasture and crop areas were compared with matched uncleared areas of A. harpophylla-Dawson gum (Eucalyptus cambageana)

Soil nitrogen status and pasture productivity after clearing of brigalow (Acacia harpophylla)

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
TWG Graham ◽  
AA Webb ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Pasture Productivity

At 31 sites of solodized solonetz and solodic soil in central Queensland, the total soil nitrogen (N) and organic carbon (OC) levels of pasture and crop areas were compared with matched uncleared areas of A. harpophylla-Dawson gum (Eucalyptus cambageana)

The effect of soil nitrogen on grain legume yield and nitrogen fixation

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Jessop ◽  
Janet Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

SUMMARYTwo field experiments examined the influence of soil nitrogen on grain yield, wateruse efficiency and residual nitrate accumulation of four winter grain legumes in a legume–fallow–wheat rotation. In the first experiment, conducted on a clay soil with a high total soil nitrogen content (0·194%), the three legumes Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba and Pisum sativum gave similar yields, with Lupinus angustifolius showing poor yields. Water-use efficiencies followed similar trends to the grain yields. Wheat yields and concentration of nitrogen in the grain, following a fallow after the legume crops, showed no differences from a full 2-year fallow. In the second experiment on a low fertility soil (0·081 % total soil nitrogen), Cicer arietinum gave the highest yield and the greatest water-use efficiency. All legumes and long fallow resulted in a similar increase in wheat yield when compared with a wheat-fallow-wheat rotation. The legume crops generally increased soil nitrate status between their sowing and the sowing of a wheat crop 2 years later; such increases were greatest with Pisum sativum at the high fertility site, with a suggestion of the reverse occurring at the low fertility site.

Effect of Prescribed Burning of Forest Litter on Total Soil Nitrogen

1962 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Klemmedson ◽  
A. M. Schultz ◽  
H. Jenny ◽  
H. H. Biswell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Feedbacks on Crop Yields under Climate Change

ael ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 180026 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Basso ◽  
B. Dumont ◽  
B. Maestrini ◽  
I. Shcherbak ◽  
G. P. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

How does acid treatment to remove carbonates affect the isotopic and elemental composition of soils and sediments?

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Fernandes ◽  
Evelyn Krull
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Isotopic Shifts ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Treatments

Environmental context. The ability to accurately determine the elemental and isotopic composition of soils and sediments has important implications to our quantitative understanding of global biogeochemical cycles. However, the analysis of organic carbon in solid matrices is a time-consuming task that requires the selective removal of carbonates, a treatment that has the potential to significantly alter the composition of the original sample. In the present work, we compare three of the most common acid treatments used for carbonate removal, and critically evaluate their effect on the content and isotopic signature of organic carbon and nitrogen in both soils and sediments. Abstract. In the present work, we compared the efficacy of three acid treatments in removing carbonates from soils and sediments for elemental and isotopic analysis. The methods tested were (1) refluxing with H2SO3; (2) in situ treatment with H2SO3 in silver capsules; and (3) treatment with HCl followed by rinsing with water. Refluxing with H2SO3 led to substantial losses of organic carbon and nitrogen, but comparatively small nitrogen isotopic shifts. The in situ treatment was inadequate for carbonate-rich samples (contents ≥30%) as a consequence of the formation of a mineral precipitate. Treatment with HCl led to substantial losses of nitrogen from carbonate-rich samples, and deviations in nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ15N) of up to 3.7‰. δ15N values showed no significant difference between acid-treated and untreated samples or between treatments, although variability was high and influenced by sample composition. Carbonate-poor samples showed no statistical difference in δ13C values between treatments, whereas carbonate-rich samples tended to be more 13C-depleted when treated with HCl, potentially suggesting the preferential preservation of 13C-depleted compounds (e.g. lipids or lignin).

scholarly journals Spatial variability of total soil nitrogen and sulphur content at two conventionally managed fields

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vaněk ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Šilha ◽  
J. Černý
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

Spatial variability of total soil nitrogen and sulphur content has been observed in two plots (I – 54 ha and II – 32 ha). Soil samples were taken from the topsoil in a regular grid, which was localised by GPS (individual sampling points were 80 m apart); subsequently total soil N and S contents were analysed. The average N content in plot I was 0.16%; in plot II it was 0.12%. The content of S in plots I and II was 0.09% and 0.08%, respectively. Spatial variability of total N differed in separate parts of the plots. A higher variability was recorded in plot I, where the coefficient of variation (<I>CV</I>) was 15.7%, whereas in plot II it was only 11.1%. However, sulphur showed only little variability, and thus its coefficient of variation was low (2.5 a 2.3% in plots I and II, respectively). A positive and mostly conclusive relationship has been observed between the N content of soil and the crop yield. This effect was more significant in plot II. The S content in soil showed no correlation with yield. Furthermore, positive correlations were observed between field altitude, soil moisture and crop yield in both plots.

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