Estimation of soil drainage losses following irrigation

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
LF Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Deep Percolation ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Water Balance Equation

Soil moisture data, collected in the course of a field trial with flood irrigated perennial pasture on a red-brown earth, are used to present a water balance from which soil drainage losses can be estimated. Both water intake, and water storage in the root zone one or two days after irrigation, were related to the pre-irrigation water storage (S,). Substitution of the calculated regression relationships in the water balance equation led to an expression for water losses in terms of S, and evapotranspiration. As the latter is of the same order as tank evaporation (E) for several days after irrigation, it was possible to express soil drainage losses in terms of S, and E. The results indicate that it is difficult to prevent water loss by deep percolation, if irrigating this soil for optimum pasture production.

AN ESTIMATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY MEANS OF THE WATER BALANCE OF A SOIL COLUMN

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
TODOR MILANOV
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Observation Site ◽  
Water Balance Equation

In this paper water-balance studies of a soil column at an observation site at Ulvsunda, Stockholm, are reported. The change of the water storage in the soil was obtained from soil moisture measurements, which were carried out by the neutron scattering method. The precipitation was also measured. The percolation from the soil column was estimated from the change in ground water storage beneath the column. It has not been possible to measure the evapotranspiration directly but it has been calculated from the water-balance equation for every month during 1964-66.

Soil water balance and evapotranspiration of irrigated cotton

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Storage

In a series of five irrigated cotton sowings (T2, T7, T9, T11, T14) evapotranspiration (Et) was determined for the period between October 1961 and October 1962 by observing frequently the changes in soil moisture storage, calculating through drainage, and solving for evapotranspiration in the water balance equation. Thus a water balance was obtained for each sowing extending over the entire crop.The average evapotranspiration in wet season sowings was of the order of 6·5 mm day−1 and in dry season sowings of the order of 4·5 mm day−1. The highest evapotranspiration values ranged between 10 and 12 mm day−1 in T2, T7 and T9 and between 7 and 9·5 mm day−1 in T11 and T14.

scholarly journals Estimation of Terrestrial Water Storage Changes at Small Basin Scales Based on Multi-Source Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3304
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Xiuguo Liu ◽  
Yulong Zhong ◽  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
Shuang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Small Basin

Terrestrial water storage changes (TWSCs) retrieved from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission have been extensively evaluated in previous studies over large basin scales. However, monitoring the TWSC at small basin scales is still poorly understood. This study presented a new method for calculating TWSCs at the small basin scales based on the water balance equation, using hydrometeorological and multi-source data. First, the basin was divided into several sub-basins through the slope runoff simulation algorithm. Secondly, we simulated the evapotranspiration (ET) and outbound runoff of each sub-basin using the PML_V2 and SWAT. Lastly, through the water balance equation, the TWSC of each sub-basin was obtained. Based on the estimated results, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in precipitation, ET, outbound runoff, and TWSC in the Ganjiang River Basin (GRB) from 2002 to 2018. The results showed that by comparing with GRACE products, in situ groundwater levels data, and soil moisture storage, the TWSC calculated by this study is in good agreement with these three data. During the study period, the spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and runoff in the GRB were similar, with a minimum in 2011 and maximum in 2016. The annual ET changed gently, while the TWSC fluctuated greatly. The findings of this study could provide some new information for improving the estimate of the TWSC at small basin scales.

scholarly journals Modelling field scale water partitioning using on-site observations in sub-Saharan rainfed agriculture

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5537-5563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Makurira ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Deep Percolation ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Water Partitioning ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Storage Structures

Abstract. Smallholder rainfed farming systems generally realise sub-optimal crop yields which are largely attributed to dry spell occurrences during crop growth stages. However, with improved farming practices, it seems possible to significantly increase yield levels even with little and highly variable rainfall. The presented results follow research conducted in the Makanya catchment in northern Tanzania where gross rainfall amounts to less than 400 mm/season which is insufficient to support staple food crops (e.g. maize). Alternative cultivation techniques such as runoff harvesting and in-field micro-storage structures are compared. These techniques aim to reduce soil and nutrient loss from the field but, more importantly, promote in-field infiltration and water retention. Water balance components have been observed in order to study water partitioning processes under different cultivation techniques. Based on rainfall, soil evaporation, transpiration, runoff and soil moisture measurements, a water balance model has been developed to simulate soil moisture variations over the growing season. It appears that about 50% of the diverted water leaves the root zone through deep percolation. Modelling shows that during the field trials the average productive transpiration flow ranged between 1.1–1.4 mm d−1 in the trial plots compared to 0.7–1.0 mm d−1 under traditional tillage practice. Productive transpiration processes accounted for 23–29% while losses to deep percolation accounted for 33–48% of the available water. Conclusions from the research are that the innovations tested are effective in enhancing soil moisture retention at field scale and that diversions allow crop growth moisture conditions to be attained with early rains. It is also concluded that there is more scope for efficient utilisation of the diverted runoff water if storage structures could be installed to regulate water flow to the root zone when required.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Water Storage Change Retrieved by GRACE and Its Implication in the Tibetan Plateau: Estimating Areal Precipitation in Ungauged Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Yao Jia ◽  
Huimin Lei ◽  
Hanbo Yang ◽  
Qingfang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Areal Precipitation

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is referred to as the water tower of Asia, where water storage and precipitation have huge impacts on most major Asian rivers. Based on gravity recovery and climate experiment data, this study analyzed the terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes and estimated areal precipitation based on the water balance equation in four different basins, namely, the upper Yellow River (UYE), the upper Yangtze River (UYA), the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZ), and the Qiangtang Plateau (QT). The results show that the TWS change exhibits different patterns in the four basins and varies from −13 to 2 mm/year from 2003 to 2017. The estimated mean annual precipitation was 260 ± 19 mm/year (QT), 697 ± 26 mm/year (UYA), 541 ± 36 mm/year (UYE), and 1160 ± 39 mm/year (YZ) which performed better than other precipitation products in the TP. It indicates a potential method for estimating basin-scale precipitation through integrating basin average precipitation from the water balance equation in the poorly gauged and ungauged regions.

scholarly journals Retention time of lakes in the Larsemann Hills oasis, East Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Shevnina ◽  
Ekaterina Kourzeneva ◽  
Yury Dvornikov ◽  
Irina Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Larsemann Hills ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Field Campaigns

Abstract. The study gives first estimates of water transport scale for five lakes located in the Larsemann Hills oasis (69º23' S, 76º20' E) in the East Antarctica. We estimated the lake retention time (LRT) as a ratio of the lake volume to the income and outcome terms of a lake water balance equation. The LRT was evaluated for lakes of epiglacial and land-locked types, and it was assumed that these lakes are monomictic with water exchange existing during a warm season only. We used hydrological observations collected in 4 seasonal field campaigns to evaluate the LRT from the outcome and income terms of the water balance equation. For the epiglacial lakes Progress/LH57 and Nella/Scandrett/LH72, the LRT was estimated of 12–13 and 4–5 years, respectively. For the land-locked lakes Stepped/LH68, Sara Tarn/LH71 and Reid/LH70, our results show a big difference in the LRT calculated from the outcome and income components of the water balance equation. The LRT for these lakes vary depending on the methods and errors inherent to them. We suggested to rely on the estimations from the outcome surface runoff since they are based on the hydrological measurements with better quality. Lake Stepped/LH68 exchange water within less then 1.5 years. Lake Sara Tarn/LH71 and Lake Reid/LH70 are the endorheic ponds with the water exchange through mostly evaporation, their LRT was estimated as 21–22 years and from 8–9 years, respectively. To improve the estimates of the LRT, the hydrological observations are needed to monitor the lakes and streams during the warm season with the uniform observational program.

The Effectiveness of Evapotranspiration Systems in Disposing of Wastewater in Remote Aboriginal Communities in Northwest Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1833
Author(s):  
D. R. McGrath ◽  
G. E. Ho ◽  
K. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Aboriginal Communities ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Northwest Australia

The potential usage of Evapotranspiration (ET) systems in remote Aboriginal communities was investigated. ET system sizing requirements were determined from the water balance equation. Water loss from lysimeters planted with trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) or lawn grass and from bare soil and gravel was monitored over several months and compared to pan evaporation measured during the same period. It was found that ET from bare soil and grass followed similar trends to pan evaporation, ranging from 30-60% of pan evaporation for soil and from 60-80% of pan evaporation for grass. ET rates increased in the tanks planted with trees as the plants grew and exceeded pan evaporation rates. Evaporation from gravel-filled lysimeters was low, being as little as 10% of pan evaporation.

scholarly journals Global evapotranspiration over the past three decades: estimation based on the water balance equation combined with empirical models

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 014026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhong Zeng ◽  
Shilong Piao ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Guodong Yin ◽  
Shushi Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
The Past
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